Township of Cambria, PA DEFINITIONS; SPECIFIC TERMS

[Ord. 207, 12/10/2010, § 1002]

For the purpose of this chapter, the terms or words used herein unless otherwise expressly stated shall have the following meanings:

ACCESS DRIVE

A private drive that intersects with the public road intended to serve access to a commercial establishment or no more than two dwelling units.

ADMINISTRATOR

The officer as appointed by the Township of Cambria Board of Supervisors to administer these regulations and to assist administratively the other Boards and officers of the Township.

AGRICULTURAL OPERATION

An enterprise that is actively engaged in the commercial production and preparation for market of crops, livestock and livestock products and in the production, harvesting and preparation for market or use of agricultural, agronomic, horticulture, silvicultural and aquacultural crops and commodities. The term includes an enterprise that implements changes in production practices and procedures or types of crops, livestock, livestock products or commodities produced consistent with practices and procedures that are normally engaged by farmers or are consistent with technological development within the agricultural industry.

ALLEY or SERVICE DRIVE

A minor right-of-way, privately or publicly owned, primarily for service access to the back or sides of properties.

APPEAL

A means for obtaining review of a decision, determination, order, or failure to act pursuant to the terms of this chapter.

APPLICANT

A landowner or developer, as hereinafter defined, who has filed an application for subdivision and/or development including his heirs, successors and assigns. (See also "developer.")

APPLICATION FOR DEVELOPMENT

Every application, whether conceptual, preliminary, tentative, or final, required to be filed and approved prior to the start of construction or development, including, but not limited to, an application for a building permit, for the approval of a subdivision plat or plan, or for the approval of a development plan.

APPOINTING AUTHORITY

The Township of Cambria Board of Supervisors.

AUTHORITY

A political or corporate body created pursuant to the Act of May 2, 1945 (P.L. 382, No. 164), known as "Municipality Authorities Act of 1945."

BLOCK

A tract of land, a lot, or a group of lots bounded by streets, public parks, railroad rights-of-way, watercourses, and boundary lines of the Township, non-subdivided land, other definite barriers, or by a combination of the above.

BOARD

Any body granted jurisdiction under a land use ordinance or under this Act to render final adjudications.

BUFFER AREA

Open spaces, landscaped areas, fences, walls, berms, or any combination thereof used to physically separate or screen one use or property from another so as to visually shield or block noise, lights, or other nuisances. (Also, see "transitional zone.")

BUILDING

A combination of materials to form a permanent structure having walls and a roof, including, but not limited to, all mobile homes.

BUILDING SETBACK LINE

The line within a property, parallel to, and defining the required minimum distance between the foremost part of any building and the adjacent right-of-way or property boundary line.

BUILDING, ACCESSORY

A building which is subordinate to the main building on the lot and is used for purposes customarily incidental to the use of the main building or lot.

CAMPGROUND

Any portion of land used for the purpose of providing a space or spaces for trailers or tents, for camping purposes regardless of whether a fee has been charged for the leasing, renting, or occupancy of such space.

CAMPSITE

Any site intended to be used for temporary and/or seasonal use for camping, inclusive of the area required to sustain a tent, camper, motor home, or other temporary camping facility.

CARTWAY (ROADWAY)

The portion of a street right-of-way, paved or unpaved, intended for vehicular traffic.

CENTER FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES

The Governor's Center for Local Government Services located within the Department of Community and Economic Development.

CHANNELIZATION

(1) The straightening and deepening of channels and/or the surfacing thereof to permit water to move rapidly and/or directly; (2) a traffic control device that forces vehicles into certain traffic flows or turning movements.

CLEAR SIGHT TRIANGLE

An area of unobstructed vision at street intersections defined by lines of sight between points at a given distance from the intersection of the street center lines.

COMMERCE PARK

A tract of land that has been planned, developed, and operated as an integrated facility intended for a number of non-retail professional, business, personal, and other service uses, with special measures for traffic circulation, parking, utilities, and compatibility.

COMMISSION

The Township of Cambria Planning Commission.

COMMON OPEN SPACE

A parcel or parcels of land, an area of land, an area of water, or a combination of land and water within a development site designed and intended for the use or enjoyment of residents of the development, not including streets, off-street parking areas, and areas set aside for public facilities.

COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

The complete plan plus any amendments or any of its component parts for the development of Cambria County and Cambria Township providing the continuing orderly development of the Township and being recognized by the governing bodies of the County as the "official plan" including such elements as a statement of community development objectives, plans and policies for land use, housing, transportation, community facilities and public utilities, and strategies for plan implementation.

CONDOMINIUM

Ownership in common with others of a parcel of land and certain parts of a building thereon which would normally be used by all the occupants, together with individual ownership in fee of a particular unit or apartment in such building or on such parcel of land and may include dwellings, offices, and other types of space in commercial and industrial buildings or on real property.

CONSISTENCY

An agreement or correspondence between matters being compared which denotes a reasonable, rational, similar connection or relationship.

CONSTRUCTION PLAN

The maps or drawings accompanying a subdivision or development plan and showing the specific location and design of improvements to be installed in the subdivision in accordance with the requirements of the Township Supervisors as a condition of the approval of the plan.

COUNTY

Any county of the second class through eighth class, e.g., Cambria County.

COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

A land use and growth management plan prepared by the county planning commission which establishes broad goals and criteria for municipalities to use in preparation of their comprehensive plans and land use regulations.

COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION

The Cambria County Planning Commission.

CROSSWALK

A right-of-way, municipally or privately owned, intended to provide access for pedestrians.

CUL-DE-SAC

A short street having one end open to traffic and being permanently terminated by a vehicular turn-around.

CULVERT

A pipe, conduit, or similar enclosed structure, including appurtenant works, which carries surface water.

CUT

The difference between a point on the original ground and designated point of lower elevation on the final grade. Also, the material removed in excavation.

DECISION

Final adjudication of any board or other body granted jurisdiction under any land use ordinance or this act to do so, either by reason of the grant of exclusive jurisdiction or by reason of appeals from determinations. All decisions shall be appealable to the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County.

DEDICATION

The deliberate appropriation of land by its owner for any general and public use, reserving to himself no other rights than those that are compatible with the full exercise and enjoyment of the public uses to which the property has been devoted.

DENSITY, HIGH

Those residential subdivisions and land developments in which the density is equal to or greater than four dwelling units per acre.

DENSITY, LOW

Those residential districts in which the density is between one and three dwelling units per acre.

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (PA DEP)

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, its Bureaus, Departments, or Divisions.

DESIGN STORM

The magnitude of precipitation from a storm event measured in probability of occurrence (e.g., fifty-year storm) and duration (e.g., twenty-four-hour), and used in computing stormwater management control systems.

DESIGNATED GROWTH AREA

A region within a county or counties described in a municipal or multi-municipal plan that preferably includes and surrounds a city, borough or village and within which residential and mixed use development is permitted or planned for at densities of one unit to the acre or more, commercial, industrial and institutional uses are permitted or planned for and public infrastructure services are provided or planned.

DETENTION BASIN

A basin designed to hold stormwater runoff by temporarily storing the runoff and releasing it at a predetermined rate. A detention basin is designed to drain completely after a storm event.

DETERMINATION

Final action by an officer, body, or agency charged with the administration of any land use ordinance or applications thereunder, except the Board of Supervisors and the local planning commission, only to the extent the planning agency is charged with final decision on preliminary or final plans under this chapter or planned residential development provisions. Determination shall be applicable only to the boards designated as having jurisdiction for such appeal.

DEVELOPER

A person, firm, partnership, corporation, trust, or authorized agent thereof proposing to divide land so as to constitute a subdivision, or engage in land development, as defined by the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act 247, as amended by Act 170 of 1988, 53 P.S. § 10101 et seq. (See also "subdivider.")

DEVELOPMENT

The division of land into two or more parcels; the construction, reconstruction, conversion, structural alteration, relocation or enlargement of any structure.

DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT

Any land development that, because of its character, magnitude or location, will have substantial effect upon the health, safety, or welfare of citizens in more than one municipality.

DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The provision for development including: a planned residential development, a plat of subdivision, all covenants relating to use, location and bulk of buildings and other structures, intensity of use of density of development, streets, ways and parking facilities, common open space and public facilities. The phrase "provisions of the development plan" when used in this chapter shall mean the written and graphic materials referred to in this definition.

DRAINAGE

The removal of surface water or groundwater from land by drains, grading or other means, and includes control of runoff to minimize erosion and sedimentation during and after construction or development.

DRAINAGE FACILITY

Any ditch, gutter, culvert, storm sewer or other structure designed, intended, or constructed for the purpose of carrying, diverting, or controlling surface water or groundwater.

DRAINAGE RIGHT-OF-WAY

The lands required for the installation of stormwater sewers, drainage ditches, or required along a natural stream or watercourse for preserving the channel and providing for the flow of water therein to safeguard the public against flood damage.

DRIVEWAY

A private vehicular passageway providing access between a street and a private parking area or private garage.

DRIVEWAY PERMIT

A permit obtained from the Township of Cambria to gain access to a Township road from a private or public driveway, access drive, or street.

DWELLING

Any building which is designed for human living quarters.

DWELLING or DWELLING UNIT

Any structure, or part thereof, designed to be occupied as living quarters as a single housekeeping unit.

DETACHED HOUSEA dwelling unit occupying the whole of a freestanding residential structure.

TWIN OR SEMI-DETACHED HOUSEA residential structure occupied by two dwelling units with a common wall.

DUPLEXA residential structure divided horizontally into two dwelling units.

ROW HOUSE or TOWNHOUSEA structure with two or more party walls of three or more units not having any horizontal division between units with no more than 10 total units.

APARTMENTA dwelling unit separated horizontally and/or vertically from one or more other units in a structure.

(1)

APARTMENT HOUSE or MULTIPLE DWELLING UNITA residential structure containing three or more apartments.

(2)

GARDEN APARTMENTAn apartment house not exceeding three stories in height.

(3)

HIGH-RISE APARTMENTAn apartment house exceeding three stories in height.

EASEMENT

A right-of-way granted, but not dedicated, for specific use of private land for a public or quasi-public purpose, and within which the owner of the property shall not erect any permanent structure, trees or shrubs but shall have the right to make any other use of the land which is not inconsistent with the rights of the grantee.

ENGINEER

A person licensed to practice in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a "registered professional engineer."

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS

The engineering criteria of Cambria Township regulating the installation of any improvement or facility.

EROSION

The removal of surface materials by the action of natural elements.

EROSION, ACCELERATED WATER

Erosion of the soil or rock over and above normal erosion brought about by changes in the natural cover or ground conditions, including changes caused by human activity. There are several kinds of accelerated erosion, they are: sheet, rill, and gully erosion.

EXCAVATION

Any act by which earth, sand, gravel, rock, or any other material is dug into, cut, quarried, uncovered, removed, displaced, relocated, or bulldozed. It shall include the conditions resulting there from.

EXTENSION OF TOWNSHIP FACILITY

Any extension of a Township facility but not including the addition of a water or sewer lateral.

FILL

Sand, gravel, earth or other material placed or deposited so as to form an embankment or raise the elevation of the land surface. The term includes material used to replace an area with aquatic life with dry land or to change the bottom elevation of a surface water area.

FINANCIAL SECURITY

Any form of security including a cash deposit, surety bond, collateral, property, or instrument of credit and restrictive of escrow accounts from Federal or Commonwealth chartered lending institutions in an amount and form satisfactory to the Township Board of Supervisors and to be used wherever required by these regulations.

FLAG LOT

A large lot not meeting minimum frontage requirements and where access to the public road is provided by a narrow strip of land owned to the public road.

FLOODPLAIN

The lands adjoining a river or stream that have been or may be expected to be inundated by flood waters in a 100-year frequency flood.

FORESTRY

The management of forests and timberlands when practiced in accordance with accepted silvicultural principles, through developing, cultivating, harvesting, transporting and selling trees for commercial purposes, which does not involve any land development.

FUTURE GROWTH AREA

An area of a Township or multi-Township plan outside of and adjacent to a designated growth area where residential, commercial, industrial and institutional uses and development are permitted and planned at varying densities and public infrastructure services may or may not be provided, but future development at greater densities is planned to accompany the orderly extension and provision of public infrastructure services.

GENERAL CONSISTENCY, GENERALLY CONSISTENT

That which exhibits consistency.

GOVERNING BODY

The council in cities, boroughs and incorporated towns; the board of commissioners in Townships of the first class; the board of supervisors in Townships of the second class; the board of commissioners in counties of the second class through eighth class or as may be designated in the law providing for the form of government.

GRADE

The slope of a road, street, or other public way specified in percentage terms as calculated by rise over run.

HEARING

An administrative proceeding conducted by a board pursuant to § 909.1(a) and 909.1(b) of Act 170 of 1988 of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, 53 P.S. §§ 10909.1(a), 10909.1(b).

INDUSTRIAL

Those fields of economic activity including construction contractors, mining, manufacturing, transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary services.

INDUSTRIAL PARK

A tract of land that has been planned, developed, and operated as an integrated facility intended for a number of individual industrial uses, with special measures for traffic circulation, parking, utilities, and compatibility.

INFILTRATION STRUCTURES

A structure designed to direct runoff into the ground, e.g., French drains, seepage pits, dry wells, and seepage trenches.

LAND DEVELOPMENT

Any of the following activities which involves the improvement of one lot or two or more contiguous lots, tracts, or parcels of land for any purpose involving:

(1)

A group of two or more residential or nonresidential buildings, whether proposed initially or cumulatively, or a single nonresidential building on a lot or lots regardless of the number of occupants or tenure, as per the definition in the Municipalities Planning Code (MPC), 53 P.S. § 10101 et seq.

(2)

The division or allocation of land or space, whether initially or cumulatively, between or among two or more existing or prospective occupants by means of, or for the purpose of streets, common areas, leaseholds, condominiums, building groups, or other features.

(3)

A subdivision of land.

For the purposes of this chapter, land development specifically excludes the addition of an accessory building, including farm buildings, and gardens, on a lot or lots subordinate to an existing principal building.

LANDOWNER

The legal or beneficial owner or owners of land including the holder of an option or contract to purchase (whether or not such option or contract is subject to any condition), a lessee if he is authorized under the lease to exercise the rights of the landowner, or other person having a proprietary interest in land.

LOT

A tract or parcel of land, regardless of size, intended for transfer of ownership, use, lease, improvements, or development, regardless of how it is conveyed. Lot shall mean parcel, plot, site, or any similar term which shall not be further subdivided.

LOT AREA

The horizontal area contained within the property lines of a parcel of land as shown on a subdivision plan, excluding space within any street, but including the area of any easement.

LOT OF RECORD

Any lot which individually, or as part of a subdivision, has been recorded in the office of the Cambria County Recorder of Deeds.

LOT, CORNER

A lot situated at the intersection of two streets, the interior angle of such intersection not exceeding 135°.

LOT, FRONTAGE

That side of a lot abutting on a street or way, and ordinarily regarded as the front of the lot, but it shall not be considered as the ordinary side of a corner lot.

LOT, INTERIOR

A lot having side lot lines which do not abut on a street.

LOT, REVERSE FRONTAGE

A lot extending between and having frontage on an arterial and a minor street with vehicular access solely from the latter.

LOT, THROUGH OR DOUBLE FRONTAGE

A lot with both front and rear street frontage.

MAINTENANCE GUARANTEE

Any security, other than cash, which may be accepted by The Township of Cambria for the maintenance of any improvements required by this chapter.

MARGINAL ACCESS STREETS

Minor collector streets parallel and adjacent to arterial streets providing access to abutting properties and control of intersections with an arterial street.

MARKER

A metal pin, set by professional land surveyor, to mark property lines or lot corners. A marker shall be at least 5/8 inch in diameter and 30 inches in length with an indented "punch" mark on the exposed end of the pin marking the exact location of the property line or corner.

MEDIATION

A voluntary negotiating process in which parties in a dispute mutually select a neutral mediator to assist them in jointly exploring and settling their differences, culminating in a written agreement which the parties themselves create and consider acceptable.

MINERALS

Any aggregate or mass of mineral matter, whether or not coherent. The term includes, but is not limited to, limestone and dolomite, sand and gravel, rock and stone, earth, fill, slag, iron, ore, vermiculite and clay, anthracite and bituminous coal, coal refuse, peat and crude oil and natural gas.

MOBILE HOME

A transportable, single household dwelling intended for permanent occupancy, contained in one unit, or in two or more units designed to be joined into one integral unit capable of again being separated for repeated towing, which arrives at a site complete and ready for occupancy except for minor and incidental unpacking and assembly operations, and constructed so that it shall be used without a permanent foundation.

MOBILE HOME LOT

A parcel of land in a mobile home park, improved with the necessary utility connections and other appurtenances necessary for the erections thereon of a single mobile home.

MOBILE HOME PARK

A parcel or contiguous parcels of land which has been so designated and improved that it contains two or more mobile home lots for the placement thereon of mobile homes.

MODIFICATIONS

Waivers of the requirements of one or more provisions of the Chapter as the literal enforcement will exact undo hardship because of particular conditions pertaining to the land in question.

MONUMENT

A stone or concrete monument, set by a professional land surveyor to mark property corners. A monument shall have a flat top at least four inches square and four inches in diameter and at least 24 inches in length. Stone monuments shall contain a 1/4-inch drill hole or an indented cross inscribed to indicate the exact location of the property corner. Concrete monuments shall contain a steel, copper or brass rod with an indented "punch" mark to indicate the exact location of the property corner.

MULTI-MUNICIPAL PLAN

A plan developed and adopted by any number of contiguous municipalities, including a joint municipal plan as authorized by this Act.

MULTI-MUNICIPAL PLANNING AGENCY

A planning agency comprised of representatives of more than one municipality and constituted as a joint municipal planning commission in accordance with the MPC or otherwise by resolution of the participating municipalities, to address on behalf of the participating municipalities multi-municipal issues, including, but not limited to, agriculture and open space preservation, natural and historic resources, transportation, housing and economic development.

MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY

A body politic and corporate created pursuant to the Act of May 2, 1945 (P.L. 382, No. 164), known as the Municipality Authorities Act of 1945.

MUNICIPAL ENGINEER

A professional engineer licensed as such in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, who may be appointed as the engineer for a municipality, planning agency, or joint planning commission.

MUNICIPALITY

Any city of the second class A or third class, borough, incorporated town, Township of the first or second class, county of the second class through eighth class, home rule municipality, or any similar general purpose unit of government which shall hereafter be created by the General Assembly.

NONRESIDENTIAL SUBDIVISION

A subdivision whose intended use is other than residential, such as commercial or industrial. Such subdivision shall comply with the applicable provisions of these regulations.

ORGANIZED CAMP

A combination of program and facilities established for the primary purpose of providing an outdoor group living experience for children, youth, and adults, with social, recreational, and educational objectives and operated and used for five or more consecutive days during one or more seasons of the year.

PEAK DISCHARGE

The maximum rate-of-flow of water at a given point and time resulting from a storm event.

PLAN, FINAL

A complete and exact subdivision plan prepared for official recording as required by statute; a final plat.

PLAN, PRELIMINARY

A subdivision plan or land development plan in lesser detail than the final plan.

PLAN, SKETCH

An informal optional submission preparatory to the preliminary plan showing the general intent of the subdivider.

PLANNING COMMISSION, LOCAL

The Cambria Township Planning Commission as established and appointed by the Township Board of Supervisors or, the council acting in lieu of a planning commission as the governing body.

PLAT

The map or plan of a subdivision or land development, whether preliminary or final, indicating the location and boundaries of individual properties.

PRE-APPLICATION CONFERENCE

A meeting convened between a developer and the Township in an attempt to properly address any design or submission issues prior to the submission of a formal application.

PRESERVATION or PROTECTION

When used in connection with natural and historic resources, shall not include means to conserve and safeguard these resources from wasteful or destructive use but shall not be interpreted to authorize the unreasonable restriction of forestry, mining or other lawful uses of natural resources.

PRIME AGRICULTURAL LAND

Land used for agricultural purposes that contains soils of the first, second or third class as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resource and Conservation Services County Soil Survey.

PROPERTY LINE CHANGE/SIDE LOT ADDITION

A change in lot lines between two adjacent lots of record which does not involve the creation of a third new lot.

PUBLIC GROUNDS

Parks, playgrounds, trails, paths, and other recreational areas and other public areas.

Sites for schools, sewage treatment, refuse disposal, and other publicly owned or operated facilities.

Publicly owned or operated scenic and historic sites.

PUBLIC HEARING

A formal meeting held pursuant to public notice by the Board of Supervisors or planning agency, intended to inform and obtain public comment, prior to taking action, in accordance with the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act 247, as amended, 53 P.S. § 10101 et seq.

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE AREA

A designated growth area and all or any portion of a future growth area described in a county or multi-municipal comprehensive plan where public infrastructure services will be provided and outside of which such public infrastructure services will not be required to be publicly financed.

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES

Services that are provided to areas with densities of one or more units to the acre, which may include sanitary sewers and facilities for the collection and treatment of sewage, water lines and facilities for the pumping and treating of water, parks and open space, streets and sidewalks, public transportation and other services that may be appropriate within a growth area, but shall exclude fire protection and emergency medical services and any other service required to protect the health and safety of residents.

PUBLIC MEETING

A forum held pursuant to notice under 65 Pa.C.S. Ch.7 (relating to open meetings).

PUBLIC NOTICE

Notice published once each week for two successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the municipality. Such notice shall state the time and place of the hearing and the particular nature of the matter to be considered at the hearing. The first publication shall not be more than 30 days and the second publication shall not be less than seven days from the date of the hearing.

RE-SUBDIVISION

Any replanning or redivision of land involving changes of street layout, or any reserved for public use, or any lot line on an approved or recorded plan. Any other more major changes shall be considered as constituting a new subdivision of land. (Also see "subdivision.")

RECREATIONAL AND SEASONAL LAND DEVELOPMENT

The improvement and development of land for camping and/or related activities via the provision of campsites and any supportive facilities on a rental basis.

RECREATIONAL VEHICLE

A vehicular type unit primarily designed as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use, which has its own motive power or is mounted on or drawn by another vehicle. The basic entities are travel trailer, camping trailer, truck camper, and motor home.

RECREATIONAL VEHICLE PARK

A lot of land upon which two or more recreational vehicle sites are located, established, or maintained for occupancy by recreational vehicles of the general public as temporary living quarters for vacation or recreation purposes.

RECREATIONAL VEHICLE SITE

A plot of ground within a recreation vehicle park intended for the accommodation of either a recreation vehicle or other similar individual camping unit on a temporary basis.

REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCY

A planning agency that is comprised of representatives of more than one county. Regional planning responsibilities shall include providing technical assistance to counties and municipalities, mediating conflicts across county lines and reviewing county comprehensive plans for consistency with one another.

REGULATORY FLOOD ELEVATION

The elevation which includes the 100-year floodplain plus a freeboard safety factor of 1 1/2 feet.

REPORT

Any letter, review, memorandum, compilation, or similar writing made by any body, board, officer, or consultant other than a solicitor to any other body, board, officer, or consultant for the purpose of assisting the recipient of such report in the rendering of any decision or determination. All reports shall be deemed recommendatory and advisory only and shall not be binding upon the recipient, board, officer, body, or agency nor shall any appeal lie there from. Any report used, received or considered by the body, board, officer, or agency rendering a determination or decision shall be made available for inspection to the applicant and all other parties to any proceeding upon request, and copies thereof shall be provided at cost of reproduction.

RESERVE STRIP

A parcel of ground separating a street from other adjacent properties, or from another street, which shall prevent a street from being connected or extended across property lines.

RETENTION POND

A facility designed to be used for the permanent storage of stormwater runoff. A permanently wet basin. (A retention pond is not permitted by this chapter.)

RIGHT-OF-WAY

A public thoroughfare for vehicular or pedestrian traffic, whether designated as a street, highway, thoroughfare, parkway, road, avenue, boulevard, lane, or alley and including both cartway and shoulders.

RUNOFF

The surface water discharge or rate of discharge of a given watershed after a fall of rain or snow that does not enter the soil but runs off the surface of the land.

RURAL RESOURCE AREA

An area described in a municipal or multi-municipal plan within which rural resource uses including, but not limited to, agriculture, timbering, mining, quarrying and other extractive industries, forest and game lands and recreation and tourism are encouraged and enhanced, development that is compatible with or supportive of such uses is permitted and public infrastructure services are not provided except in villages.

SANITARY SEWAGE DISPOSAL, COMMUNITY

A sanitary sewage collection system, either publicly or privately owned, in which sewage is carried from individual lots by a system of pipes to a temporary central treatment and disposal plant, generally serving a neighborhood area.

SANITARY SEWAGE DISPOSAL, ON-LOT

Any structure designed to biochemically treat sanitary sewage within the boundaries of an individual lot.

SANITARY SEWAGE DISPOSAL, PUBLIC

A sanitary sewage collection system in which sewage is carried from individual lots by a system of pipes to a central treatment and disposal plant.

SEDIMENTATION

The process by which mineral or organic matter is accumulated or deposited by moving, wind, water, or gravity. Once this matter is deposited (or remains suspended in water) it is usually referred to as "sediment."

SEPTIC TANK

A watertight receptacle which receives sewage or industrial wastes and is designed and constructed to provide for sludge storage, sludge decomposition, separate solids from liquids through a period of detention before allowing the liquid to be discharged.

SERVICE STREET

A minor public right-of-way providing secondary vehicular access to the side or rear of two or more properties.

SETBACK LINE

The line within a property defining the required minimum distance between any building to be erected and the adjacent property line. The front yard setback shall be measured at right angles from the front street right-of-way line which abuts the property on which said building is located and shall be parallel to said right-of-way line.

SHADE TREE

A tree in a public place, street, special easement, or right-of-way adjoining a street as provided in these regulations.

SHOPPING CENTER

A group of retail establishments planned, constructed, and managed as a total entity with customer and employee parking provided on-site, provision of goods delivery separated from customer access, and protection from the elements via a canopy or other enclosure.

SIDE LOT ADDITION/PROPERTY LINE CHANGE

A change in lot lines between two adjacent lots of record which does not involve the creation of a third new lot.

SIGHT DISTANCE

The required length of roadway visible to the driver of a passenger vehicle at any given point on the roadway when the view is unobstructed by traffic. Sight distance measurements shall be made from a point 10 feet from the edge of cartway, 3 1/2 feet high, to a point 3 1/2 feet above the road surface.

SLOPE

The rise or fall of the land usually measured in percent slope. The percent slope is equal to the rise or fall in feet for a horizontal distance of 100 feet. Refer to the following table:

Description	Percent Slope
Gentle	0-8%
Buildable	9-15%
Moderately steep	16-25%
Steep	25+%

SOIL PERCOLATION TEST

A field test conducted to determine the suitability of the soil for on-site sanitary sewage disposal facilities by measuring the absorptive capacity of the soil at a given location and depth.

SOLICITOR

The licensed attorney designated by Cambria Township Council to furnish legal assistance for the administration of this chapter.

SPECIFIC PLAN

A detailed plan for nonresidential development of an area covered by a municipal or multi-municipal comprehensive plan, which, when approved and adopted by the participating municipalities through ordinances and agreements, supersede all other applicable ordinances.

STABILIZATION

Natural or mechanical treatment of a mass of soil or ground area to increase or maintain its stability and ensure its resistance to erosion, sliding, or other movement.

STATE LAND USE AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT REPORT

A comprehensive land use and growth management report to be prepared by the Center for Local Government Services and which shall contain information, data and conclusions regarding growth and development patterns in this Commonwealth and which will offer recommendations to Commonwealth agencies for coordination of executive action, regulations and programs.

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The plan for managing stormwater runoff as required by the municipal engineer and/or a plan for managing stormwater as required by any Township Stormwater Management Ordinance [Chapter 23].

STREET LINE

The limit of a right-of-way.

STREET, PRIVATE

Those streets not officially dedicated and/or accepted by the Township.

STREETS

A strip of land, including the entire right-of-way, intended for use as a means of vehicular and pedestrian circulation, and further defined by the following:

ARTERIAL STREETSThose streets whose primary function is to serve comparatively high volumes of through-traffic at speeds higher than desirable on a collector and minor street.

COLLECTOR STREETSThose streets which, in addition to providing access to abutting properties, collect traffic from minor streets and provide routes to community facilities and the arterial streets system.

EXPRESSWAYThose highways whose primary function is to move traffic with little or no land service and to accommodate large volumes of relatively high speed traffic. Usually, a high degree of access control is provided with few, if any, intersections at grade.

LOCAL STREETS (MINOR STREETS)Those streets used primarily to provide access to abutting properties; including, but not limited to, cul-de-sac and marginal access streets.

MARGINAL ACCESS STREETSMinor streets parallel and adjacent to arterial streets providing access to abutting properties and control of intersections with arterial street.

SERVICE STREETA minor public right-of-way providing secondary vehicular access to the side or rear of two or more properties.

STRUCTURE

Any man-made object having an ascertainable stationary location on or in land or water, whether or not affixed to the land.

SUBDIVIDER

Same as "developer."

SUBDIVISION

The division or redivision of a lot, tract, or parcel of land by any means into two or more lots, tracts, parcels, or other division of land including changes in existing lot lines for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of lease, partition by the court for distribution to heirs or devisees, transfer of ownership or building or lot development and grading and filling activities: provided, however, that the subdivision by lease of land for agricultural purposes into parcels of more than 10 acres, not involving any new street or easement of access or any residential dwelling, shall be exempted.

SUBDIVISION, MAJOR

All subdivisions not classified as minor subdivisions, including, but not limited to, subdivisions of five or more lots, or any size subdivision requiring any new street or extension of Township facilities, or the creation of any public improvements.

SUBDIVISION, MINOR

Any subdivision that meets three of the five following criteria: (1) the proposed subdivision must not contain more than six lots; (2) all lots must have adequate access to an existing street, (3) the extension of a main line is not required, (4) there is no need for public improvements, and (5) it does not adversely affect the remainder of the parcel or adjoining property, and not in conflict with any provision or portion of the comprehensive plan or these regulations.

SUBJECT TRACT (RESIDUAL ACREAGE)

The remaining acreage of a lot after one or more subdivisions have occurred. The subject tract (residual acreage) shall be labeled as Lot 1.

SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETED

Where, in the judgment of the municipal engineer, at least 90% based on the cost of the required improvements for which financial security was posted pursuant to Part 2 of those improvements required as a condition for final approval have been completed in accordance with the approved plan, so that the project will be able to be used, occupied, or operated for its intended use.

SURFACE DRAINAGE PLAN

A plan showing all present and proposed grades and facilities for stormwater drainage.

SURVEYOR

A licensed "professional land surveyor" registered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

SWALE

A low-lying stretch of land which gathers or carries surface water runoff.

TEMPORARY OCCUPANCY

Occupancy of a campground or organized camp for no more than six months in any consecutive twelve-month period.

TENT

A portable lodging unit usually made of skins, canvas, plastic, or strong cloth stretched and usually sustained by poles, and dependent upon separate toilet and lavatory facilities.

TOP SOIL

Surface soil and subsurface soil which presumably is fertile soil and ordinarily rich in organic matter or humus debris.

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

A map showing the elevations of the ground by contours or elevations including all existing topographic features such as streams, roads, streets, existing facilities, and improvements, as specified herein.

TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT

An area of land developed for a compatible mixture of residential units for various income levels and nonresidential commercial and workplace uses, including some structures that provide for a mix of uses within the same building. Residences, shops, offices, workplaces, public buildings and parks are interwoven within the neighborhood so that all are within relatively close proximity to each other. Traditional neighborhood development is relatively compact, limited in size and oriented toward pedestrian activity. It has an identifiable center and a discernible edge. The center of the neighborhood is in the form of a public park, commons, plaza square or prominent intersection of two or more major streets. Generally, there is a hierarchy of streets laid out in a rectangular or grid pattern of interconnecting streets and blocks that provides multiple routes from origins to destinations and are appropriately designed to serve the needs of pedestrians and vehicles equally.

TRAILER

A vehicular portable structure built on, or designed to be mounted, on a chassis or wheels, or constructed as an integral part of a self-propelled vehicle for use as a temporary dwelling for travel, recreation, and vacation and commonly known as travel trailers, pick-up coaches, motor homes, or camping trailers.

TRANSFERABLE DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS

The attaching of development rights to specified lands which are desired by a municipality to be kept undeveloped, but permitting those rights to be transferred from those lands so that the development potential which they represent may occur on other lands where more intensive development is deemed to be appropriate.

TRANSITION ZONE

A zoning district that permits uses compatible with uses permitted in two adjacent zones that, without the transition zone, could be considered incompatible to each other.

TRANSITIONAL AREA

An area in the process of changing from one use to another or changing from one racial or ethnic occupancy to another; an area that acts as a buffer between two land uses of different intensity and compatibility.

VILLAGE

An unincorporated settlement that is part of a Township where residential and mixed use densities of one unit to the acre or more exist or are permitted and commercial, industrial or institutional uses exist or are permitted.

WAIVER

When the subdivider can show that a provision of this chapter would cause unnecessary hardship if strictly adhered to because of conditions peculiar to the site, and where, in the opinion of the Township, a departure from this chapter may be made without destroying the intent of such provisions, the Township may authorize a waiver. A modification to the minimum standards of this chapter. (Refer to "modification.")

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, COMMUNITY

A system for supplying and distributing water from a common source to two or more dwellings and other buildings within a subdivision, neighborhood, or whole community, the total system being publicly or privately owned.

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, ON-LOT

A system for supplying and distributing water to a single dwelling or other building from a source located on the same lot.

WATER SURVEY

An inventory of the source, quantity, yield, use of groundwater, and of surface-water resources within a municipality.

WATERCOURSE

A permanent or intermittent stream, river, brook, creek, channel, or ditch for collection and conveyance of water, whether natural or man-made.