[Adopted 8-11-1976]
All highways hereafter to be accepted by the Town of Branford must be
constructed according to the following standards and requirements:
A.
Such highway shall be at least 50 feet wide.
B.
It shall be surveyed and a map thereof, certified by
a licensed surveyor, shall be filed in the office of the Town Clerk.
C.
It shall be marked with permanent bounds which are to
be shown on said map.
D.
It shall be properly graded to shed water, and water
conditions shall be corrected by suitable subdrainage and such catch basins
or other forms of construction as may be required.
E.
It shall have a paved surface at least 30 feet wide,
curb to curb.
Such highway shall be in accordance with the section drawing on file
in the Town Engineer's office and conform to the following specifications.
Pavements shall be constructed with a crown with a cross slope of 1/4
inch per foot. A ten-foot sidewalk area shall be provided and graded on each
side of the pavement. The sidewalk area shall be graded level with the top
of the curb and shall be loamed and seeded. The Town Engineer may require
modification of this grading requirement in order to preserve substantial
existing trees.
Preparation of subgrade. All trees and roots shall be stripped, to below
the base course of the pavement and for the full width of the pavement. All
soft spots, peat, loam, organic material, soft clay, spongy soil, boulders,
ledges and other unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced by material
approved by the Town Engineer. All fill that is placed to an elevation of
less than three feet above the water table at the time of filling shall consist
of rock or free-draining soil meeting State Highway Department specifications.
Where ledge rock is encountered, it shall be removed to a depth of one foot
below subgrade and the area backfilled with gravel. Embankments shall be constructed
of suitable fill material deposited in successive layers not exceeding 12
inches in depth. The subgrade shall be compacted by distributing the hauling
over the area by the use of tread-type of equipment, by power rollers of at
least 10 tons or by other mechanical means approved by the Town Engineer.
Gas and water services, if available, shall be installed for each lot
to the curbline or beyond as required by the utility company before the construction
required by the next hereinafter subsection is started.
A.
After subgrade has been rolled and brought to a uniform
surface and approved by the engineer, there shall be spread eight inches of
bank-run gravel compacted by a three-wheeled ten-ton roller to a uniform surface,
rolling until there is no further movement of compacted gravel.
B.
All bank-run gravel shall be from an accepted pit and
shall meet the graduations of the Connecticut State Highway Department specifications.
C.
In lieu of bank-run gravel, select material may be used,
provided that its quality uniformly meets the required standards in terms
of bearing ratio and from susceptibility as approved by the Town Engineer.
A.
Upon the completed subbase, a course of bituminous concrete
binder, Class IV, Connecticut State Highway Specifications Form 809, shall
be spread to a depth of three inches when compacted. This shall be placed
and compacted in accordance with Connecticut Highway Specifications Form 809.
B.
In lieu of the binder, a course of penetration macadam
may be placed according to the following specifications:
(1)
Upon completed bottom course of bank run of gravel or
crusher-run stone, a course of 2 1/4 inches broken stone shall be placed
to a depth that, when compacted with a three-wheeled ten-ton roller, shall
be a uniform four inches in depth. Upon this compacted surface, there shall
be spread two gallons per square yard of paving asphalt, 85-120 penetration,
using a pressure distributor. The face of the concrete curbing shall be protected
at all times from being disfigured by oil application.
(2)
Over this oiled surface there shall be spread one-half-inch
stone in an amount to completely fill all voids, rolling the same with a ten-ton
roller. The rate of application shall be between 48 pounds and 54 pounds per
square yard.
There shall be no certificate of occupancy issued for any residence
until the phases of construction provided for in the previous sections are
completed to such extent as to provide access to such residence.
When the base course has been completed with the provisions of the hereinbefore,
a surface course of bituminous concrete shall be spread and compacted to a
thickness of 1 1/2 inches and shall be placed over the entire travelled
portion of the road. Bituminous concrete shall be in conformity with State
of Connecticut Highway Specifications Form 809, Section 4.04. The base and
surface course shall not be laid between October 1 and May 1 or when the temperature
is below 50° F., unless written permission is obtained from the Town Engineer.
On each side of such highway and 15 feet from the center line, there
shall be installed a concrete curbing in accordance with the section drawing
on file in the Town Engineer's office. Said curbing shall conform to the following
specifications:
A.
Joints and forms.
(1)
Concrete shall be one-to-two-to-four mix. One-half-inch
expansion joint material shall be placed every 50 linear feet.
(2)
One-eighth-inch contraction joints shall be installed
every 10 feet. Steel plates shall be used or alternate sections shall be poured.
(3)
Expansion joints shall be held plumb and in a true plane
for full depth and width of section.
(4)
Forms shall be wood or steel, of sufficient strength
and with proper bracing to maintain perfect shape and alignment. Forms shall
be oiled with nonstaining oil.
(5)
Concrete shall be well spaded to prevent honeycombs.
B.
Bituminous concrete curbs are to be used on the curved portion of any temporary turnarounds and at the curved portions of any intersection with an existing highway which has not been built to present highway standards. This curbing shall be built to conform to the specifications of Subsection C.
C.
Bituminous concrete may be used for such curbing under
the following conditions:
(1)
The developer shall post with the Town Engineer, in an
amount acceptable to the Town Engineer, a maintenance bond for such curbing,
issued by a surety company licensed to do business in Connecticut, guaranteeing
the maintenance of such curbing for a period of two years after acceptance
of such road by the Town of Branford.
(2)
Such bituminous concrete shall conform to the following
standards and specifications (references are to the standard specifications
of the Connecticut Department of Transportation for Roads and Bridges and
Incidental Construction):
(a)
Materials for this work shall conform to the requirements
of Article 4.03.02 for hot asphalt concrete or Article 4.06.02 for dense graded
bituminous concrete.
(b)
The construction methods for the bituminous concrete
lip curbing shall conform to the requirements described in Article 4.03.03
or 4.06.03 as supplemented by the following requirements:
[1]
Prior to the arrival of the mixture on the work, the
surface of the pavement where the bituminous concrete lip curbing is to be
constructed shall have been cleaned of all loose and foreign material. The
surface shall be perfectly dry and clean at the time the mix is placed and
shall be coated with an R.C.-2 or other approved bitumen just before the arrival
of the mixture.
[2]
Upon arrival at the site, the mixture shall be deposited
directly in place or on platforms outside the area on which it is to be spread
and shall then be immediately distributed into place by suitable means. The
mixture shall be kept clean and free from dirt or foreign materials at all
times. It shall be compacted to the required cross section by the use of suitable
iron tampers weighing not less than 12 pounds and having a bearing area not
exceeding 50 square inches, or by means of a roller weighing not less than
150 pounds per foot of tread. The surface of the lip curbing shall be tested
with a ten-foot straight edge laid parallel with the center line of the road,
and any variations from a true profile exceeding 1/4 inch shall be satisfactorily
corrected.
(c)
After the completion of the lip curbing, traffic shall
be kept at a safe distance for a period of not less than 24 hours and until
the curbing has set sufficiently to prevent injury to the work.
A.
Any such road ending at a dead end shall have, at such
dead end, a turnaround consisting of a circular area not less than 120 feet
in diameter, the surface of which shall meet the foregoing requirements.
B.
Where acceptable to the Town Engineer, an island suitably
landscaped and enclosed with a curbing may be installed within the turnaround.
The Town Engineer may require the installation of underdrains beneath
the street pavement where necessary to protect the stability of the pavement.
Cut or fill sections beyond the sidewalk area shall not exceed a slope
of one on two except in rock. The Town Engineer may require a decrease in
the amount of slope to whatever extent is necessary to maintain the stability
of the bank under the particular soil conditions. All earth surfaces of slopes
and areas that have been disturbed in any way due to grading and construction
of the streets shall be covered with a minimum of four inches of topsoil and
suitably seeded or planted to prevent soil erosion. The Town Engineer may
require the removal or lowering of embankments adjacent to street intersections
in order to assure adequate sight distance at the intersection. No cut or
fill sections beyond the sidewalk area shall extend into property outside
the subdivision or property not owned by the applicant unless appropriate
slope rights are obtained for the Town. In the absence of such slope rights,
appropriate retaining walls shall be constructed within the subdivision to
prevent encroachment upon the adjoining property.
Line and grade stakes shall not be spaced more than 50 feet apart and
shall be set by a land surveyor or engineer and maintained in good order during
construction and until the street is approved by the Town Engineer. No street
shall be opened or used for travel until it shall have been approved by the
Town Engineer. All water mains, sewers, pipes and other underground utility
lines shall be installed prior to placing the base course. Whenever possible,
underground utility lines shall be installed outside the pavement portion
of the street.
All large rocks, boulders, felled trees, stumps and brush shall be removed
from the street right-of-way. All temporary structures, tools, equipment and
waste materials shall be removed from the street right-of-way upon completion
of the work.
Storm drainage shall be constructed in accordance with the following
standards:
A.
All pipe shall meet State Highway Department specifications.
Reinforced concrete pipe shall be used for surface drainage stormwater systems
and cross culverts. Where vertical clearance is limited, and on grades in
excess of 10% or where uneven support may be expected, A.C.C.M. pipe or pipe
arches shall be used. All pipe shall be bedded carefully on soil approved
by the Town Engineer. There shall be a four-inch sand cushion bedded under
the pipe on any rock or ledge formation.
B.
All open drainage ditches, except stream relocations
or improvements, shall have a minimum depth of 12 inches, a maximum depth
of three feet and a maximum slope of 1 1/2. If required by the Commission
or the Town Engineer, ditches shall be paved either with two inches of hot
bituminous concrete thoroughly compacted on an eight-inch gravel base or with
1/3 sections or reinforced concrete pipe. All ditches shall be constructed
as approved by the Town Engineer.
C.
The joints of all pipe shall be shoved tight. Pipe laid
in sandy, silty or other soil in which, in the judgment of the Town Engineer,
there is danger of washing or cave-ins shall have joints thoroughly sealed
with one-to-three concrete mortar.
D.
Catch basins and manholes. Catch basin and manhole types
shall be approved by the Town Engineer and constructed in conformity with
Connecticut State Highway standard specifications. Catch basins may be depressed
slightly to facilitate the collection of water.
E.
Backfill. Where the drainage pipe is necessary to serve
as an underdrain for the street or to control the water table, the pipe shall
be bedded on at least six inches of one-inch washed stone; three-fourths-inch
washed stone shall be placed around and over the pipe to a height of six inches
and then covered by heavy tar paper and backfilled with bank-run gravel. Backfill
for all other pipe shall be tamped pneumatically every 12 inches in even layers.
F.
Construction procedure. All pipe shall be laid to line
and grade as shown on approved drainage plans and profiles. Line and grade
stakes shall be set by a land surveyor or engineer and shall be maintained
in good order until the work has been inspected and approved by the Town Engineer.
Four batter boards (three sections) shall be maintained in place at all times
when laying pipe and shall not be spaced more than 30 feet apart. The exact
grade for each pipe shall be maintained. No pipe shall be laid on water, and
water shall not be permitted to rise over freshly mortared joints until they
are properly hardened. Ground- or surface water accumulating in the trench
must be pumped out.
Guard posts or guide railings shall be installed at all drainage headwalls
in the right-of-way and along all streets where there will be an embankment
with a depth of four feet or more within 20 feet of the proposed pavement.
Creosoted or cedar guard posts shall be spaced six feet on center and shall
have a minimum tip diameter of five inches and a minimum length of seven feet
with 3 1/2 feet set in the ground. Subject to the approval of the Town
Engineer, three-cable guide railing, metal-beam-type guide railing or steel
guard posts of suitable design may be substituted for the creosoted or cedar
guard posts.
Construction of all required improvements shall be carried out under
the supervision of the Town Engineer and the Board of Selectmen and shall
be subject to inspection and approval by the Town Engineer and the Board of
Selectmen or their authorized agent. The Town Engineer or his agent shall
be notified when any preliminary grading of streets has been completed and
upon completion of subgrade preparation and shall be notified at least 48
hours prior to installation of the gravel subbase course and any base and
surface course. No pipe, catch basin, manhole or other structure shall be
backfilled until inspected and approved by the Town Engineer or his agent.
The Town Engineer or his authorized agent shall have free access to the construction
work at all times and shall be authorized to take material samples, cores
and other tests as deemed necessary to determine compliance with these regulations.
The Town Engineer may require the applicant, at his own expense, to have such
tests made and certified by a professional engineer licensed to practice in
the State of Connecticut.
A.
The developer shall, upon approval of his plans, file
with the Town Engineer a bond to guarantee completion of the road within two
years. The bond shall be in form and amount and with surety acceptable to
the Town Engineer and Town Counsel and shall be a surety bond, executed by
a surety company authorized to enter into such bond in the State of Connecticut.
B.
Release of bond. No bond shall be released until the
improvements covered by such bond have been inspected by the Town Engineer.
For purposes of maintenance and to cover unforeseen deficiencies, a portion
of any subdivision bond shall not be released until one year after completion
of required subdivision improvements, and the amount of such portion shall
be determined by the Commission with the recommendation of the Town Engineer.
The applicant, however, may post a new bond to cover the required portion
of the original bond.
Materials and workmanship shall be of good quality and in all respects
satisfactory to the Board of Selectmen or Town Engineer.
This article shall not apply to any road maintained by the Town prior
to this date or to any road detailed on a subdivision plan approved prior
to this date by the Planning and Zoning Commission for which grading, drainage
and subbase have been constructed or for which a bond has been accepted, nor
to any road started prior to this date upon which a house or houses shall
have been built, provided that their exclusion shall not apply to the portion
of said road lying beyond said house or houses. These roads may be completed
in accordance with the specifications existing at the time the work commenced,
or they can complete their roads in accordance with these specifications.
