A.
Standard details show cross sections for each of the
four classifications of roads. These give the required design, dimensions
and construction details which are applicable to a particular classification.
Figure 1[1] is a comparative summary sheet which lists the major items
of construction for all classifications of roads, which may be useful
as a check list of requirements.
[1]
Editor's Note: The figures referenced in this
chapter are included at the end of this chapter.
B.
The developer shall design and construct roads which
shall conform to both the specific and the general specifications.
The developer shall establish and clearly mark
on site the limits of road right-of-way and easements, the center
line and grades of the road pavement and the location and elevation
of drainage and drainage structures in accordance with the approved
plans. Such markers shall be maintained at the developer's expense
until the construction of all required improvements within the right-of-way
limits have been completed, inspected and approved as hereinbefore
required.
A.
The developer shall complete the shaping of the road
right-of-way, streams and ditches and easement areas to the line and
grade as shown on the approved plans and as otherwise may be directed
by the Town Superintendent of Highways. Refer to Figures 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 10 and 11.[1] All unsuitable or unstable materials shall be completely
excavated and removed from the right-of-way, and all rock or boulders
larger than six inches in diameter shall be excavated at least 12
inches below the finished subgrade of road pavement, drainage or drainage
structures, curbs and sidewalks.
[1]
Editor's Note: The figures referenced in this
chapter are included at the end of this chapter.
B.
Where fills are necessary to complete the required
line and grade or to backfill trenches or other excavation, the materials
incorporated in the work shall be acceptable to the Town Superintendent
of Highways and shall be placed in layers not exceeding eight inches
in depth, each layer to be thoroughly compacted by rolling with three-wheel,
sheepsfoot, pneumatic tired or padded wheel roller; by impact rammer;
or vibrator equipment in areas inaccessible to power rollers. All
compaction shall continue until the fills are firm and unyielding.
Special care shall be exercised in placing and compacting material
immediately adjacent to pipes in order to avoid damage to the pipe
and to prevent pipe misalignment.
C.
The areas between the shoulder edge and the right-of-way
line must be graded and seeded in order to prevent erosion.
D.
The rough grade of the road pavement, curb and sidewalk
areas shall be completed to within one inch above or below finished
subgrade as shown on the approved cross section of the right-of-way.
E.
Earth shoulders and flow line of ditches and gutters
shall be maintained in satisfactory condition at the developer's expense
at all times during the course of construction of the subdivision
and until such time as the Town Board has accepted dedication of the
right-of-way.
A.
The width of the trench in which the pipe is placed
shall be sufficient to permit thorough tamping of the backfill under
the haunches and around the pipe. Where rock in either boulder or
ledge formation is encountered, it shall be removed below grade and
replaced with suitable materials in such a manner as to provide an
earth cushion, having a thickness under the pipe of not less than
eight inches; and where there are excessively heavy fills over the
top of the pipe, the Town Superintendent of Highways may specify that
an earth cushion up to 1/2 inch in thickness per foot of fill be placed
under the base of the pipe. In no case shall the top of any drainage
pipe be less than 12 inches below the finished grade of the pavement.
Where soft, spongy or other unstable soil is encountered at the grade
established, all such unstable soil under the pipe and for a width
of one pipe diameter on each side of the pipe shall be removed and
replaced with run-of-bank gravel or other acceptable material. In
all cases, the bed shall be thoroughly compacted and shall provide
a firm foundation for the pipe.
B.
Pipe shall be laid to true line and grade on the prepared
bed of the trench. Pipe laying shall begin at the downstream end and
progress upstream. All connections for making field joints in corrugated
metal pipe shall consist of corrugated metal bands so constructed
as to lap on equal portions of each of the pipe sections to be connected.
In making field connections of reinforced concrete pipe, all joints
shall be made with watertight gaskets, ASTM C443-59T.
D.
Any additional drainage facilities not shown on the
approved plan and which may be ordered by the Town Superintendent
of Highways or the Town Engineer shall be constructed by the developer
at the developer's expense and in accordance with these specifications.
A.
Storm drain and culvert pipe may be of either corrugated
metal or reinforced concrete, with a minimum diameter of 15 inches.
The minimum velocity of all piping shall be three fps when flowing
full.
B.
Round corrugated metal pipe and oblate corrugated
metal pipe shall conform to the current Public Works Specifications
of the State of New York, Department of Transportation, Division of
Construction, with the following exceptions:
(1)
All corrugated metal pipe shall be completely coated
with bituminous material.
(2)
All collars or connecting bands shall be 12 inches
wide and shall be furnished with bolts six inches long.
(3)
Reinforced concrete pipe shall conform to the current
Public Works Specifications of the State of New York, Department of
Transportation, Division of Construction.
C.
All reinforced concrete pipe shall be manufactured
with slip joints or bell and spigot joints.
D.
Each piece of reinforced concrete pipe shall be marked
with the specification number and the date of manufacture.
E.
Height of the fill and pipe classes shall be designed
to meet the minimum requirements of H-20 Highway Loading.
A.
Underdrains shall be perforated metal-type and placed
in trenches and surrounded by material which is both pervious to water
and capable of protecting the surrounding soil from the pipe infiltration.
Drains shall be sized and placed in accordance with the requirements
of the Town Superintendent of Highways or the Town Engineer.
B.
Underdrains must be sloped positively to an outlet
such as a drainage channel or a closed drainage system.
C.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7[1] show the installation of underdrain for the purpose of
draining of pavement sections. These details may be modified to apply
to specific conditions. However, the following criteria should be
considered: The underdrains should be placed at the interface of the
pavement and shoulder or curb and should intercept the water from
the highest water-bearing layer of the pavement section.
[1]
Editor's Note: The figures referenced in this
chapter are included at the end of this chapter.
A.
General.
(1)
Figures 7, 8 and 9 show the minimum acceptable construction
for typical catch basins and manholes. Whenever, in the opinion of
the Town Superintendent of Highways or the Town Engineer, ground conditions
or other circumstances require it, larger or heavier materials, additional
materials, reinforcing or other modifications and improvements in
design and construction shall be made, as directed by either of those
Town representatives, prior to paving.
(2)
Catch basins shall be constructed at all low points
in the vertical curves, points of change of slope or alignment of
piping and at all piping junction points. At no time shall catch basins
be spaced farther apart than 400 feet on road grades of less than
3%, 300 feet on road grades from 3% to 6% and 250 feet on road grades
over 6% in steepness.
(3)
When the diameter of the inlet pipe is greater than
that of an outlet pipe, the elevation of the top of the inlet pipe
shall be no lower than the elevation of the top of the outlet pipe.
(4)
When the diameter of the outlet pipe is the same as
or smaller than that of an inlet pipe, the elevation of the invert
of the inlet pipe shall be no lower than the elevation of the invert
of the outlet pipe. In no case shall the top of any inlet pipe be
more than five feet above the invert of the outlet pipe.
(5)
Holes for catch basins shall be excavated to a depth
of at least 35 inches below the designated elevation of the invert
of the outlet pipe. Crushed stone or run-of-bank gravel to a uniform
depth of nine inches leveled and compacted over the entire area under
the base shall be laid in the hole.
B.
Built-up catch basins.
(1)
On this stone or gravel shall be laid an eight-inch-thick
slab of one to two to four mix portland cement concrete. The slab
shall extend a minimum of four inches beyond the outside of the walls
of the catch basin on every side. The slab shall be smooth and level.
(2)
To a maximum depth of 10 feet below the finished surface,
the catch basin walls shall be constructed of solid concrete catch
basin corner and stretcher blocks eight inches thick.
(3)
Below 10 feet from the finished surface, the catch
basin walls shall be 12 inches thick and shall be constructed of concrete
block conforming to ASTM Designation C-139. All hollows in or between
blocks in each course shall be completely filled with mortar before
the succeeding course is laid so that the finished wall is solid.
(4)
All blocks forming the catch basin walls shall be
laid up with mortar composed of portland cement and mortar sand, conforming
to New York State Department of Transportation Specifications in the
proportion of 1:2.
(5)
Inside dimensions of the catch basin shall remain
constant from top to bottom and shall match the frame opening of the
curb inlet to be used.
(6)
Concrete blocks around all pipes entering or leaving
catch basins shall be cut to fit the contours of the pipes as closely
as possible. Remaining interstices shall be solidly filled with mortar
for the full thickness of the wall. Ends of all pipes shall be cut
off flush with the inside surface of the catch basin walls.
C.
Precast catch basins. Suitable precast catch basin units, as approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer, may be substituted. Refer to Figure 7.
D.
Steps. Catch basins shall be provided with steps.
Steps shall be of aluminum alloy, having a minimum diameter of 3/4
inch, which shall be hot-bent to shape. They shall be solidly set
in the masonry at the time of construction and shall extend all the
way through the wall. The steps shall extend 4 1/2 inches inside
the wall of the catch basin. The top steps shall be not more than
18 inches below the finished surface and thence to the base steps
shall be no more than 18 inches apart.
A.
After completion of the rough grade and prior to the
laying of the foundation course, the subgrade shall be shaped to line
and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled
roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions
which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular
material and again rolled, this process to be continued until no depressions
develop. The subgrade shall not be muddy or otherwise unsatisfactory
when the foundation course is laid upon it.
B.
Any soft or unstable portions of the subgrade which
develop under the roller shall be completely excavated and removed
from the right-of-way and shall be replaced with acceptable granular
material and the area regraded and compacted as above.
Before fine grading or construction of curbs
and sidewalks is started, all storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities,
including house connections and hydrants, shall have been installed
at the locations shown on the standard details, and all fill and backfill
shall have been thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Town
Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer.
A.
Fine grade shall conform to the prescribed width of
pavement and shall extend equidistant from the center line of the
road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross sections
of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.
B.
After the fine grade and all curbs have been constructed
to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways, the developer
shall furnish and place a foundation course of approved run-of-bank
gravel, Crusher-run stone or Crusher-run gravel to the depths as called
for in these specifications. All materials acceptable for these courses
shall be hard, durable and sound and shall be well-graded from coarse
to fine. The maximum diameter of the large particles shall not exceed
2/3 of the thickness of the compacted foundation course, and 90% to
100%, by weight, of the particles shall be of such size as will pass
through a four-inch-square hole. The maximum particle size permitted
in the three-inch graded gravel course is two inches in largest dimension.
Not more than 70%, by weight, shall pass the No. 40 mesh sieve, and
not more than 10%, by weight, shall pass the No. 200 mesh sieve.
C.
The materials shall be placed on the finished subgrade
by means of mechanical spreaders in four-inch layers and shall be
thoroughly compacted by rolling with a self-propelled ten-ton roller.
Water shall be added to the materials in such amounts as the Town
Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer may consider necessary
for proper compaction. After compaction, the course shall be true
to grade and cross sections, and any depressions shall be eliminated
by the use of additional granular materials thoroughly rolled in place.
In all cases, the foundation course shall be so thoroughly compacted
that it will not heave under the roller, and the total depth after
compaction shall not be less than 12 inches.
A.
Time of work. Paving shall be performed between the
dates of May 1 and October 31, except as may be authorized, in writing,
by the Town Superintendent of Highways.
B.
Major roads.
(1)
After the twelve-inch foundation course has been inspected
and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer,
a four-and-one-half-inch compacted depth asphaltic concrete base course
conforming to current New York State Department of Transportation
Specifications shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical
spreader with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction shall be accomplished
through the use of a ten-ton roller.
(2)
After the base course has been completed and thoroughly cleaned of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of 0.1 to 0.2 gallons per square yard in the event that the base course has been subjected to traffic for an extended period of time, a one-and-one-half-inch compacted depth final wearing course shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction of the wearing course shall be accomplished through the use of a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing 10 tons. Figure 2[1] of the standard details shows a typical major road section.
[1]
Editor's Note: The figures referenced in this
chapter are included at the end of this chapter.
(3)
Extreme care shall be exercised in the placing of
asphaltic concrete to ensure that all longitudinal joints shall be
lapped in the placing of adjoining strips and that all lateral joints
are trimmed before continuing with the placing of additional materials
on that strip.
C.
Commercial roads.
(1)
After the twelve-inch foundation course has been inspected
and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer,
a four-inch compacted depth asphaltic concrete base course conforming
to current New York State Department of Transportation Specifications
shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader
with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction shall be accomplished
through the use of a ten-ton roller.
(2)
After the base course has been completed and thoroughly cleaned of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of 0.1 to 0.2 gallons per square yard in the event that the base course has been subjected to traffic for an extended period of time, a two-and-one-half-inch compacted depth final wearing course shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction of the wearing course shall be accomplished through the use of a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing 10 tons. Figure 3 of the standard details shows a typical commercial road section.
D.
Type II local roads.
(1)
Type II local roads shall be constructed in the same
manner as major and commercial roads, except that the base course
shall consist of three inches of asphalt concrete, and the wearing
course shall consist of 1 1/2 inches of asphalt concrete. A typical
Type II local road section is shown in Figures 5 and 6 in the standard
details.
(2)
In areas where lot frontages are consistently greater
than 100 feet, the detail of a Type IIB road shall be used, indicating
the use of asphaltic concrete curbing, which is to be applied after
pavement installation. Where lot frontages are consistently equal
to or less than 100 feet, the detail of a Type IIA road shall be used,
indicating the use of cast-in-place concrete curbs installed prior
to pavement installation.
E.
Type I local roads.
(1)
Bituminous macadam Type I local road pavements shall
consist of a base course, minimum depth of three inches, and a surface
course, minimum depth of 2 1/2 inches, as constructed under the
penetration method of bituminous macadam pavements.
(2)
Construction of base course shall be as follows: The
subgrade must be cleaned of all loose or foreign materials and must
be free of any soft or unstable area. Coarse aggregate of No. 3 and
No. 4A stone meeting the requirements of Section 703-02, Coarse Aggregate,
of current Standard Specifications of New York State Department of
Transportation is then spread uniformly in loose layers and rolled
with a three-wheel roller weighing no less than 10 tons. Rolling shall
start longitudinally at the edge of the pavement, with at least 1/2
of the rear wheel overlapping the shoulder, and continuing toward
the center of the pavement, with overlapping at least 1/2 of the width
of the rear wheel on successive trips. Rolling shall continue until
fragments of aggregate are finely interlocked.
(3)
Thickness of this course shall be three inches after
compaction. Upon completion of this course, an application of bituminous
material of the kind specified in the plans, 1.50 gallons per square
yard, shall be made by means of pressure distributors. Immediately
after this application, fine aggregate of No. 1 stone meeting the
requirements of Section 703-01, Fine Aggregate, of the current Standard
Specifications of New York State Department of Transportation shall
be applied in sufficient quantity to prevent the roller wheels from
sticking and sufficient also to fill the surface voids. The surface
is then rolled until it is firmly bound together and shows no movement
under the roller.
(4)
Construction procedure of surface course is similar to that of the base course. After the base course has been completed, coarse aggregate of No. 2 and No. 3 stone meeting the requirements of Section 703-02 of current Standard Specifications of New York State Department of Transportation is spread to a thickness of 2 1/2 inches and rolled with a three-wheeled roller weighing no less than 10 tons. Immediately thereafter, bituminous material of the kind specified is applied to the surface at a rate of 1.6 gallons per square yard. Immediately after the bituminous material has been applied and before it has time to break, No. 1 size stone meeting the requirements of Section 703-01, Fine Aggregate, of the Standard Specifications of New York State Department of Transportation shall be spread over the surface, 20 to 35 pounds per square yard, and be compacted with a roller weighing no less than 10 tons. During the rolling process, additional No. 1 stone shall be applied and broomed about until the voids in No. 2 and No. 3 stones are entirely filled. After rolling has been completed, a second application of bituminous material shall be applied at a rate of 0.5 to 0.6 gallons per square yard. The surface shall then be immediately covered with No. 1 stone, 15 to 25 pounds per square yard, and again rolled with a roller weighing no less than 10 tons. Additional No. 1 stone shall be applied and broomed about until the voids in the surface are filled and any excess emulsion asphalt has been absorbed. Rolling shall be continued until the course of stone is thoroughly compacted and its surface is uniform and true to the established grade and cross section. A typical Type I local road section is shown in Figure 4 of the standard details.
B.
Concrete shall be finished and cured to the satisfaction
of the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer. The
developer shall, at his own expense, replace any curbing damaged before
dedication and any curb which proved defective or is damaged by his
operations during the one-year maintenance period.
A.
Whenever required by the Town Planning Board, the
developer shall construct sidewalks on both sides of roads as shown
on the standard sheet. Sidewalks shall be constructed of portland
cement concrete in accordance with Figures 12 and 13.
B.
Concrete sidewalks shall be four inches thick and
shall be of one to two to three mix, with air entrainment of 6% by
volume. Cement concrete sidewalks shall be reinforced with No. 66-66
welded wire fabric placed two inches from the bottom of the slab and
shall be poured in one course, vibrated, properly screeded, finished
to true grade and cured.
C.
All sidewalks shall be constructed on a base of approved
gravel or crushed stone of at least four inches in depth. Sidewalks
shall be constructed with a transverse slope of 1/4 inch per foot
toward the traveled way, except that the slope may be away from the
traveled way if the runoff will not affect adjacent properties. The
longitudinal slope of a sidewalk shall not exceed 10%.
D.
Where vehicular traffic is anticipated to cross an
area of sidewalk, the following specification shall apply: Cement
concrete sidewalks shall be six inches thick and shall be mixed, reinforced
and placed on a six-inch base in accordance with the specifications
above.
The developer shall construct all road intersections
in accordance with Figures 14, 15 and 24 of the standard details.
The developer shall furnish and install a road
name post at every road intersection made by the roads he constructs.
Posts shall conform to the standards set forth in Figures 16 or 17,[1] the choice of which is made by the Superintendent of Highways.
[1]
Editor's Note: The figures referenced in this
chapter are included at the end of this chapter.
A.
Monuments shall be set on all right-of-way lines of roads at all road intersections, angle points, point of curve and subdivision corners. There shall be a clear foresight and backsight to adjacent monuments on the right-of-way line or lines on which a monument is set. Monuments shall be of cut granite, free from imperfections, or of concrete as shown on Figure 18 of the detail sheets.
B.
Monuments shall not be set before final grading has
been completed nor shall they be set while frost is in the ground.
They shall so set and tamped as to prevent settlement or shifting.
C.
The developer's engineer or land surveyor shall certify
that the location of all monuments is accurate before acceptance of
the road by the Town Board.
A.
Type and need for guide rail installation shall be
approved by the Town Engineer. General guidelines for determining
the need for guide rails are shown below.
(1)
Height of drop-off from break of road shoulder slope
to the toe of slope. Slopes less than one on two with height of drop-off
more than four feet will require guide rail installation. Slopes one
on two having a height of drop-off more than 10 feet will be protected
with a guide rail.
B.
Guide rail installation shall be in accordance with
Corrugated Beam Guide Railing and Box Beam Guide Railing sections
of current Standard Specifications of New York State Department of
Transportation. Figures 19, 20 and 21 are typical details of such
guide railing to be used in design construction.
A.
Drainage. Where permanent drainage easements between
building lots are granted to the Town, the developer must install
drainage pipe in the center of said easements from the catch basin
or ditch line to a point opposite the rear of the houses on the adjoining
lots or for a distance of at least 100 feet, whichever distance is
greater, unless otherwise specified by the Town Superintendent of
Highways or Town Engineer. Drainage easements must have a minimum
width of 20 feet, which shall be provided for in the approved plan.
B.
Snow. Where required by the Superintendent of Highways,
easements shall be established for the storage of snow removed from
the road pavement during plowing operations. These shall be at the
locations and of dimensions set forth by the Superintendent of Highways.
A.
With the approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways
and the Town Engineer, open ditches may be used in lieu of storm drain
pipes when the grade of the land traversed is flat or when it is desirable
to drain and dry up the surrounding area.
B.
Open ditches shall be constructed in accordance with
the standard sheet of these specifications, but in no case shall the
grade of an open ditch exceed 6%. Rip-rap, when called for, shall
consist of field stone or rough, unhewn quarry stones as nearly cubical
in form as is practicable, placed upon a slope not steeper than 1:2
and so laid that the weight of the large stones is carried by the
soil and not by the stone adjacent. All stones shall weigh 50 to 150
pounds each, and at least 60% of them shall weigh more than 100 pounds
each.
C.
The largest stones shall be placed first, roughly
arranged and in close contact. The spaces between the larger stones
shall be filled with spalls of suitable size.
D.
Whenever a drain pipe enters an open ditch at an end wall or end section refer to Figure 25 or 26,[1] the bottom and sides of the ditch shall be rip-rapped
for a distance of at least 30 feet beyond the end of the pipe.
[1]
Editor's Note: The figures referenced in this
chapter are included at the end of this chapter.
Roof and cellar drains shall in no case be allowed
to flow onto the road right-of-way. With the approval of the Town
Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer, in writing, these
drains may be piped to the road stormwater pipe to which they shall
be connected on top only. Such drains must be installed prior to the
start of final grading of the roads.
[Amended 6-26-2006 by L.L. No. 12-2006]
Whenever a permanent dead end is allowed on a subdivision road, a turnaround shall be constructed. This turnaround shall take the form and be constructed as shown in Figure 22, or such other form as shall be acceptable to the Town Superintendent of Highways, Town Engineer and Town Planning Board. A temporary type of construction shall be used only when authorized by the Town Planning Board, after consultation with the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer, because of the foreseeable future extension of the road. Temporary culs-de-sac shall be similar in shape and construction to permanent units; however, the right-of-way in excess of that required for the road type will revert back to the lots on which the temporary cul-de-sac extends.
A.
Roads shall be so designed that finished tangent grades
will not be less than 1% or greater than 10%.
When stream crossings of roads are required, sizing shall be predicated on the criteria set forth in the Town land subdivision regulations. Hydraulic computations shall be submitted as part of the plan approval. Computations shall be presented on a form as shown in Figure 27.
