The Common Council acknowledges that uncontrolled, post-construction
runoff has a significant impact upon water resources and the health,
safety and general welfare of the community and diminishes the public
enjoyment and use of natural resources. Specifically, uncontrolled
post-construction runoff can:
A. Degrade physical stream habitat by increasing stream bank erosion,
increasing streambed scour, diminishing groundwater recharge, diminishing
stream base flows and increasing stream temperature.
B. Diminish the capacity of lakes and streams to support fish, aquatic
life, recreational and water supply uses by increasing pollutant loading
of sediment, suspended solids, nutrients, heavy metals, bacteria,
pathogens and other urban pollutants.
C. Alter wetland communities by changing wetland hydrology and by increasing
pollutant loads.
D. Reduce the quality of groundwater by increasing pollutant loading.
E. Threaten public health, safety, property and general welfare by overtaxing
storm sewers, drainage ways, and other minor drainage facilities.
As used in this article, the following terms shall have the
meanings indicated:
ADEQUATE SOD or SELF-SUSTAINING VEGETATIVE COVER
Maintenance of sufficient vegetation types and densities
such that the physical integrity of the streambank or lakeshore is
preserved. Self-sustaining vegetative cover includes grasses, forbs,
sedges and duff layers of fallen leaves and woody debris.
ADMINISTERING AUTHORITY
A governmental employee or a regional planning commission
empowered under § 62.234, Wis. Stats., that is designated
by the Common Council to administer this article.
ATLAS 14
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Atlas 14 Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the United States, Volume
8 (Midwestern States), published in 2013.
AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL
A typical calendar year of precipitation as determined by
the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for users of models
such as WinSLAMM, P8 or equivalent methodology. The average annual
rainfall is chosen from a Department publication for the location
closest to the municipality.
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE or BMP
Structural or nonstructural measures, practices, techniques
or devices employed to avoid or minimize sediment or pollutants carried
in runoff to waters of the state.
BUSINESS DAY
A day the office of the City Engineer is routinely and customarily
open for business.
CEASE-AND-DESIST ORDER
A court-issued order to halt land-disturbing construction
activity that is being conducted without the required permit or in
violation of the permit issued by the City of St. Francis.
CITY
The City of St. Francis.
CONNECTED IMPERVIOUSNESS
An impervious surface that is directly connected to a separate
storm sewer or water of the state via an impervious flow path.
DESIGN STORM
A hypothetical discrete rainstorm characterized by a specific
duration, temporal distribution, rainfall intensity, return frequency,
and total depth of rainfall.
DEVELOPMENT
Residential, commercial, industrial or institutional land
uses and associated roads.
DIVISION OF LAND
The creation from one parcel of four or more parcels or building
sites of 1 1/2 or less acres each in area where such creation
occurs at one time or through the successive partition within a five-year
period.
EFFECTIVE INFILTRATION AREA
The area of the infiltration system that is used to infiltrate
runoff and does not include the area used for site access, berms or
pretreatment.
EROSION
The process by which the land's surface is worn away
by the action of wind, water, ice or gravity.
EXTRATERRITORIAL
The unincorporated area within three miles of the corporate
limits of a first-, second- or third-class city or within 1.5 miles
of a fourth-class city or village.
FINAL STABILIZATION
All land-disturbing construction activities at the construction
site have been completed and a uniform, perennial, vegetative cover
has been established, with a density of at least 70% of the cover,
for the unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures,
or employment of equivalent permanent stabilization measures.
FINANCIAL GUARANTEE
A performance bond, maintenance bond, surety bond, irrevocable
letter of credit, or similar guarantee submitted to the City by the
responsible party to assure that requirements of this article are
carried out in compliance with the stormwater management plan.
IMPERVIOUS SURFACE
An area that releases as runoff all or a large portion of
the precipitation that falls on it, except for frozen soil. Rooftops,
sidewalks, driveways, parking lots and streets are examples of areas
that typically are impervious.
INFILL AREA
An undeveloped area of land located within existing development.
INFILTRATION
The entry of precipitation or runoff into or through the
soil.
INFILTRATION SYSTEM
A device or practice, such as a basin, trench, rain garden
or swale, designed specifically to encourage infiltration, but does
not include natural infiltration in pervious surfaces such as lawns,
redirecting of rooftop downspouts onto lawns or minimal infiltration
from practices, such as swales or roadside channels, designed for
conveyance and pollutant removal only.
KARST FEATURE
An area or surficial geologic feature subject to bedrock
dissolution so that it is likely to provide a conduit to groundwater
and may include caves, enlarged fractures, mine features, exposed
bedrock surfaces, sinkholes, springs, seeps or swallets.
LAND-DISTURBING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
Any man-made alteration of the land surface resulting in
a change in the topography or existing vegetative or nonvegetative
soil cover that may result in runoff and lead to an increase in soil
erosion and movement of sediment into waters of the state. "Land-disturbing
construction activity" includes clearing and grubbing, demolition,
excavating, pit trench dewatering, filling and grading activities.
MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT
A legal document that provides for long-term maintenance
of stormwater management practices.
MEP or MAXIMUM EXTENT PRACTICABLE
A level of implementing best management practices in order
to achieve a performance standard specified in this article which
takes into account the best available technology, cost effectiveness
and other competing issues, such as human safety and welfare, endangered
and threatened resources, historic properties and geographic features.
MEP allows flexibility in the way to meet the performance standards
and may vary based on the performance standard and site conditions.
NEW DEVELOPMENT
Development resulting from the conversion of previously undeveloped
land or agricultural land uses.
OFF-SITE
Located outside the property boundary described in the permit
application.
ON-SITE
Located within the property boundary described in the permit
application.
PERCENT FINES
The percentage of a given sample of soil which passes through
a No. 200 sieve. [Note to users: Percent fines can be determined using
the American Society for Testing and Materials, Volume 04.02, Test
Method C117-95, Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75 mm
(No. 200) Sieve in Material Aggregates by Washing. Copies can be obtained
by contacting the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100
Barr Harbor Drive, Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, or phone 610-832-9585,
or on line at http://www.astm.org.]
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
A narrative or measurable number specifying the minimum acceptable
outcome for a facility or practice.
PERMIT
A written authorization made by the City to the applicant
to conduct land-disturbing construction activity or to discharge post-construction
runoff to waters of the state.
PERMIT ADMINISTRATION FEE
A sum of money paid to the administering authority by the
permit applicant for the purpose of recouping the expenses incurred
by the authority in administering the permit.
PERVIOUS SURFACE
An area that releases as runoff a small portion of the precipitation
that falls on it. Lawns, gardens, parks, forests or other similar
vegetated areas are examples of surfaces that typically are pervious.
POLLUTANT
Has the meaning given in § 283.01(13), Wis. Stats.
POLLUTION
Has the meaning given in § 281.01(10), Wis. Stats.
POST-CONSTRUCTION SITE
A construction site following the completion of land-disturbing
construction activity and final site stabilization.
PREDEVELOPMENT CONDITION
The extent and distribution of land cover types present before
the initiation of land-disturbing construction activity, assuming
that all land uses prior to development activity are managed in an
environmentally sound manner.
REDEVELOPMENT
Areas where development is replacing older development.
RESPONSIBLE PARTY
Any entity holding fee title to the property or other person
contracted or obligated by other agreement to implement and maintain
post-construction stormwater best management practices.
RUNOFF
Stormwater or precipitation, including rain, snow or ice
melt or similar water, that moves on the land surface via sheet or
channelized flow.
SEPARATE STORM SEWER
A conveyance or system of conveyances, including roads with
drainage systems, streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches,
constructed channels or storm drains, which meets all of the following
criteria:
A.
Is designed or used for collecting water or conveying runoff.
B.
Is not part of a combined sewer system.
C.
Is not draining to a stormwater treatment device or system.
D.
Discharges directly or indirectly to waters of the state. See § 281.01(18),
Wis. Stats.
SITE
The entire area included in the legal description of the
land on which the land-disturbing construction activity occurred.
STOP-WORK ORDER
An order issued by the City Engineer or designee which requires
that all construction activity on the site be stopped.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Comprehensive plan designed to reduce the discharge of pollutants
from stormwater after the site has undergone final stabilization following
completion of the construction activity.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PLAN
A comprehensive plan designed to reduce the discharge of
runoff and pollutants from hydrologic units on a regional or municipal
scale.
TECHNICAL STANDARD
A document that specifies design, predicted performance and
operation and maintenance specifications for a material, device or
method.
TOP OF THE CHANNEL
An edge, or point on the landscape, landward from the ordinary
high-water mark of a surface water of the state where the slope of
the land begins to be less than 12% continually for at least 50 feet.
If the slope of the land is 12% or less continually for the initial
50 feet landward from the ordinary high-water mark, the top of the
channel is the ordinary high-water mark.
TR-55
The United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources
Conservation Service (previously Soil Conservation Service), Urban
Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Second Edition, Technical Release
55, June 1986.
TYPE II DISTRIBUTION
A rainfall-type curve as established in the United States
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Technical Paper
149, published 1973. The Type II curve is applicable to all of Wisconsin
and represents the most intense storm pattern.
Maximum extent practicable applies when a person who is subject
to a performance standard of this article demonstrates to the administering
authority's satisfaction that a performance standard is not achievable
and that a lower level of performance is appropriate. In making the
assertion that a performance standard is not achievable and that a
level of performance different from the performance standard is the
maximum extent practicable, the responsible party shall take into
account the best available technology, cost effectiveness, geographic
features, and other competing interests such as protection of public
safety and welfare, protection of endangered and threatened resources,
and preservation of historic properties.
The following methods shall be used in designing the water quality,
peak discharge and infiltration components of stormwater practices
needed to meet the water quality standards of this article:
A. Consistent with the technical standards identified, developed or
disseminated by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources under
Subchapter V of Chapter NR 151, Wis. Adm. Code.
B. Where technical standards have not been identified or developed by
the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, other technical standards
may be used provided that the methods have been approved by the City
Engineer.
The fees referred to in other sections of this article shall
be established by the Common Council and may, from time to time, be
modified by resolution. A schedule of the fees established by the
Common Council shall be available for review in the City Clerk/Treasurer's
office.