Words in the present tense include the future tense; words used in the
masculine gender include the feminine and the neuter; words used in singular
include the plural and those in the plural include the singular.
Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following terms shall, for the
purpose of this chapter, have the meanings indicated below:
A.
The words "person," "applicant" and "owner" include a
corporation, unincorporated association and a partnership or other legal entity,
as well as an individual.
B.
The word "street" includes thoroughfare, avenue, boulevard,
court, expressway, highway, lane, arterial and road.
C.
The word "watercourse" includes channel, creek ditch,
drain, dry run, river, spring and stream.
D.
The words "should" and "may" are permissive.
E.
The words "shall" and "will" are mandatory and directive.
Where terms or words are not defined, they shall have their ordinarily
accepted meanings or such as the context may imply.
Terms or words used herein, unless otherwise expressly stated, shall
have the following meanings:
The process of a solid taking up liquid by surface wetting and capillarity.
Support for an arch or bridge taking the horizontal thrust from the
arch or bridge in addition to its own weight.
A state of being side by side, next to, adjoining, contiguous or
abutting.
A well-graded aggregate, so proportioned as to contain a relatively
small percentage of voids.
A granular material with most of the particle of the same size. A
material with about equal amounts of particles of many different sizes is
said to be well-graded.
A public or private way affording only secondary means of access
to abutting property.
A landowner or developer, as hereinafter defined, who has filed an
application to have a street or road constructed, opened, or dedicated for
public use or travel, including his heirs, successors and assigns.
[Amended 2-11-2003 by Ord. No. 119]
To refill a ditch or other excavation or the material used for refilling.
The portion of the earth grade or roadway in a cut section which
is beyond a side ditch and rejoins the original ground.
A layer or layers of specified or selected material of planned thickness
placed and compacted on a subgrade or subbase to support a surface course.
Boards nailed to stakes on each side of a trench used to hold target
boards for control laying pipe.
A definite point of known elevation and location used for determining
the elevation of other points.
Shoulder.
A plant mix of graded aggregate (generally open graded) and bituminous
material which is placed between the base course and a bituminous surface
course.
A designed combination of dense graded mineral aggregate, filler
and bituminous cement, mixed in a central plant and laid and compacted while
hot.
Asphalt or tar.
A layer of screenings placed on the subgrade or subbase or on an
existing pavement before a crushed aggregate base course is placed.
A tract of land, a lot or groups of lots bounded by streets, public
parks, railroad rights-of-way, watercourses, boundary lines of the Township,
unsubdivided land or any combination of the above.
The Board of Supervisors of Middle Smithfield Township, Monroe County,
Pennsylvania.
A reinforced concrete drainage structure of rectangular cross section.
The part of a bridge floor that forms the roadway.
To sweep the screenings into the voids between the crushed aggregate
base course.
The line within a property defining the minimum required distance
between any building to be erected and an adjacent right-of-way. Such line
shall be measured at right angles from the street right-of-way line which
abuts the property upon which said building is located and shall be parallel
to the said right-of-way line.
The portion of a street or road right-of-way, paved or unpaved, intended
for vehicular use.
Surface formed by removing a square edge or corner.
The bed where a stream of water flows or a standard structural shape.
An area of unobstructed vision at the street intersection defined
by line of sight between points at a given distance from the intersection
of street center lines.
A joint made by placing hot bituminous mixture against a bituminous
mixture that has cooled.
The Middle Smithfield Township Planning Commission.
Make more dense. When a material is compacted, the particles are
forced together more tightly so that a given weight or material takes up less
space.
The complete plan or any part of the plan for the development of
Middle Smithfield Township prepared by the Planning Commission and adopted
by the Board of Supervisors in accordance with the Pennsylvania Municipalities
Planning Code.
[1]A mixture of portland cement, water, sand and gravel, crushed stone
or crushed slag, with or without some other material such as an air-entraining
agent.
A layer of concrete placed under a pipe line to support the pipe.
A device used for the temporary control of traffic.
The act of preventing waste or unnecessary use of a commodity or
natural resources.
The wheel load, in pounds, divided by the square inches of contact
area, sometimes called ground pressure.
A line on a map or drawing or an imaginary line on the ground that
connects points of equal elevation.
The County of Monroe, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
A break without complete separation.
The slow movement of soil usually not perceptive except to observation
of long duration.
In the field, elevations taken along a line at right angles to the
center line; or on a drawing, a profile of the existing ground at right angles
to the center line.
A strip of land including a right-of-way dedicated to public use
in order to facilitate pedestrian access through or into a block.
The height of the center of a roadway surface above its edges.
A template cut to conform to the specified crown of the road and
used to check the shape of the road.
The product of the crushing plant without being screened or separated
into various sizes and having no specific gradation.
A minor street having one end open to traffic and being permanently
terminated by a vehicular turnaround.
A pipe or structure used to carry drainage under a road.
To lower the level of the surface of an existing grade, or the vertical
distance from the existing ground surface to the planned grade line at a given
point.
The floor of a bridge.
The deliberate appropriation of land by its owner for any general
and public use, reserving to himself no other rights than those that are compatible
with the full exercise and enjoyment of the public uses to which the property
has been dedicated.
Any landowner, equitable owner, agent of such landowner or tenant
with the permission of such landowner who makes or causes to be made a street
and/or road to be offered for dedication.
A truck with a pressure tank used to spray tar or asphalt on a road.
A pipe, trench or ditch provided for the purpose of leading water
away from a structure.
The system designed to lead water away from the pavement or structure.
Inlets, headwalls, endwalls and culverts.
A privately owned and constructed vehicular access from an approved
private or public road into a lot or parcel having frontage on the said road.
A right-of-way granted, but not dedicated, for limited use of private
land for a public or quasi-public purpose, within which the lessee or owner
of the property shall not erect any permanent structure.
A vertical distance to a point above or below a known datum line.
A raised mass of soil or rock used to carry a road over a low area;
or a fill, the top of which is higher than the ground next to it.
The material on which an embankment is placed.
The application of the approving authority's stamp and the signature
of the appropriate persons on the record plan.
A licensed professional engineer registered in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania.
A Pennsylvania Department of Transportation publication containing
official test procedures.
Embankment of earth or broken rock.
Clean granular material which is pervious to water but will not permit
the entrance of soil particles.
The final grade required by the profiles.
A base with low resistance to bending so that it stays in contract
with the underlying structure.
A pavement constructed by placing some type of bituminous base paving
material on a flexible base.
A relative flat or low land area adjoining a river, stream or watercourse
which is subject to partial or complete inundation or flooding. Floodplain
boundaries are shown for floods having a recurrence interval of 100 years.
A line formed by the invert of a pipe.
Any substance or material occurring in another material or mixture
where it is not normally found.
The Middle Smithfield Township Board of Supervisors.
A general term used to describe the composition by size of the aggregate
in a mixture. Gradation is usually expressed as the proportion (percent) of
the aggregate that will pass each of several sieves of different sizes.
The elevation of the surface of the pavement slab, base, subbase
or subgrade.
A line on a drawing showing the elevation of the completed pavement
along the length of the project.
Stakes marked to show the level of the final grade line or finished
grade.
All construction operations between site clearing and paving. Grading
includes all excavation, hauling, spreading and compacting operations.
Coarse, porous aggregate having a maximum size that can be readily
placed and compacted in eight-inch layers and of which 35% or less passes
the No. 200 sieve.
Broken stone which has been rounded by water action or transported
by a glacier.
Long wooden stakes driven around a layout stake to prevent it from
being disturbed during the construction.
A concrete structure usually placed at either end of a drainage pipe.
The lift caused usually by frost.
Clear distance from curb to curb of a roadway, or the distance from
the center line of the roadway to the nearest adjacent obstacle or the clear
horizontal distance between two obstacles, whichever is smaller.
Hot bituminous concrete.
Those physical additions and changes to the land that may be necessary
to provide approved streets or roads.
A layer of stone screenings usually having a depth of about one inch,
spread on a subgrade or subbase before stone base construction is placed.
The legal owner of record of land.
Branch drains that carry water from beneath the pavement to other
drains at the sides of the road.
An outcropping of rock or bench in earthwork.
At right angles to a diameter of the earth; or a surveying instrument
used to determine a level line.
The course constructed immediately on top of the base or existing
pavement for the purpose of removing sags below a planned grade before an
overlying course is placed. A binder course may act as a leveling course and
may then be called a binder-leveling course.
A spread and compacted layer of soil in a fill or embankment.
A test for stability and flow of asphaltic concrete mixture. The
method covers the measurement of stability and flow of cylindrical specimens
of asphaltic paving mixtures loaded on the lateral surfaces.
The partially compacted course of bituminous paving material laid
by a bituminous paver-finisher.
The greatest density it is possible to obtain.
Finding the gradation of an aggregate by the use of specified sieves
(same as sieve analysis or gradation test).
Mud rich in material resulting from the rotting of plant growth (usually
black or dark in color).
Any fine soil containing enough water to make it soft.
A duly registered professional engineer employed by the municipality
or engaged as a consultant thereto or his duly authorized representative.
Middle Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.
The solicitor appointed by the Middle Smithfield Township Board of
Supervisors or his duly authorized representative.
The agent or official designated by the Middle Smithfield Township
Board of Supervisors to administer and enforce the Township Zoning Ordinance[2] and other Township codes.
The Comprehensive Development Plan and/or Official Map and/or topographic
survey and/or such other plans or portions thereof as may have been adopted
by the Middle Smithfield Township Board of Supervisors for the area of the
Township in which the proposed street or road is located.
Stakes that are located a measured distance from the center line
of the roadway. They are usually placed so that they will be outside the construction
area where they will not be disturbed or destroyed by construction equipment.
Soil or rock lying on top of another material.
The material placed in the ditch to support the pipe.
The temporary bracing placed in a pipe to prevent distortion and
removed after the pipe is laid and the fill over the pipe has settled.
The Planning Commission of Middle Smithfield Township.
A professional land surveyor, licensed as such in the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, duly appointed as the consultant of the Middle Smithfield
Township Planning Commission.
A map or chart indicating the street or road which in its various
stages of preparation can include the following:
An informal plan, identified as such with the title "Petition Plan"
on the map, indicating salient existing features of a street or road and its
surroundings and the general layout of the proposed street or road to be used
as a basis for consideration by the Township.
A complete and exact plan, identified as such with the title "Final
Plan" on the map, with a professional engineer's or professional land surveyor's
seal affixed and prepared to define rights-of-way, alignment of streets or
roads and other improvements as required by this chapter.
Fill placed in small pockets which otherwise would not drain.
Collection of water in shallow ponds.
Full of small spaces through which water can pass easily.
A small deep hole in the pavement usually caused by repeated action
of freezing and thawing.
A line on a drawing which shows elevations of points along a selected
route. A profile usually shows both existing ground elevations and proposed
grade line elevations.
Notice published one each week for two successive weeks in a newspaper
of general circulation in the Township. The first publication shall be not
more than 30 days or fewer than 14 days in advance of the scheduled public
hearing.
The site where the rock or crushed stone is excavated.
Continued loss of aggregate from a bituminous pavement from the surface
downward or from the edges inward, caused by the action of traffic and due
to poor construction.
A parcel of ground in separate ownership separating a street or road
from other adjacent properties or from another street or road.
An additional or replacement surface placed on an existing pavement
to improve its riding qualities or increase its strength.
The legal right to connect a driveway to the street or road, if approved
by the Township.
The total width of any land reserved or dedicated as a street, road
or any other public or semipublic purposes.
A base that has a high resistance to bending and distributes loads
to the foundation over a large area.
See "cartway."
A piece of equipment used to compact embankment, base, subbase or
bituminous material.
Broken up by means of steel spikes attached to heavy equipment and
dragged over the surface to be scarified.
A thin layer of asphalt and coarse aggregate.
A bituminous material used for filling and sealing joints and cracks.
The escape of water through the soil or water flowing from a fairly
large area of soil instead of from one spot as in the case of a spring.
Separation of portions of a mixture from its mass.
The downward movement of a structure or a short section of pavement
due to its own weight, to the loads which it supports or to shrinkage of the
supporting soil.
The graded part of a road on each side of the pavement.
A sloping side of an embankment or cut.
The required length of roadway visible to the driver of a passenger
vehicle at any given point on the roadway when the view is unobstructed by
traffic.
Roadway sight distance measurements shall be made from a point 3.75
feet above the center line of the road surface to a point 0.5 feet above the
center line of the road surface.
Stopping sight distance (at cross street stop signs) shall be made from
a point 3.75 feet above the center line of the road surface to a point 3.75
feet above the center line of the cross road surface.
At an angle other than a right angle.
An inclined surface.
Straight inclined lines connecting the original ground surface with
the edges of the surface of a cut or embankment at the finished grade.
A stake marking the point where a slope line in a cut or fill meets
the original ground surface.
The width of the opening of a bridge or culvert.
A device attached to the back of a dump truck to spread stone to
a predetermined uniform depth.
Changing the quality of soil or aggregate by mixing it with material
that will increase its load-bearing capacity, firmness and resistance to weather
or displacement.
To arrange joints so that a joint in one row or part is opposite
a point between a joint in the next row or part.
Piles of materials stored for later use.
Dust and small particles of aggregate screened from stone after crushing.
A large pipe or small structure used to carry to an outlet the water
collected by surface drainage.
A strip of land, including the entire right-of-way (not limited to
the cartway), used to provide access to more than one or two lots. The word
"street" includes street, avenue, boulevard, road, highway, freeway, parkway,
lane, alley, viaduct and other ways used or intended to be used by vehicular
traffic or pedestrians, whether public or private. Streets are further classified
according to the function they perform. Classifications of streets are as
follows:
ARTERIAL STREETArterial streets are designed primarily to carry traffic and generally should not provide access to land which would interfere with their primary traffic functions. They are designated as "limited," "controlled" or "partial" access streets. Arterial streets serve an unlimited number of dwelling units and unlimited average daily traffic.
CONNECTOR STREETConnector streets collect traffic from collector, minor and local access streets and also provide a connection to arterial streets and expressways and between villages. Connector streets do not normally provide direct access to individual uses. Connector streets serve an unlimited number of dwelling units and unlimited average daily traffic.
COLLECTOR STREETCollector streets gather traffic from minor and local access streets and they feed this traffic to connector and arterial streets and expressways. Collector streets carry heavier traffic volumes than local streets although they also provide direct access to individual uses located along them. Collector streets serve an ultimate 500 dwelling units or up to an ultimate average daily traffic count of 4,000 vehicles.
MINOR STREETMinor streets provide direct access to individual uses or gather traffic from local access streets and feed this traffic to collector streets. Minor streets serve up to an ultimate 150 dwelling units or up to an average daily traffic count of 1,250 vehicles.
LOCAL ACCESS STREETLocal access streets primarily provide direct access to individual uses. They serve to provide the connecting link between the beginning or end point of a trip and the higher categories of streets. Local access streets are further classified as follows:
CUL-DE-SAC STREETSA cul-de-sac street is permanently terminated at one end by a vehicular turnaround and intersects another street at the other end. Cul-de-sac streets shall not exceed 800 feet in length and shall not ultimately furnish access to more than 25 dwelling units or ultimately have an average daily traffic count in excess of 200 vehicles. (See Figure 3-1.[3])
LOOP STREETA loop street intersects other streets on each end and may intersect a cul-de-sac street at some point between each end. A loop street shall not ultimately furnish access to more than 75 dwelling units or ultimately have an average traffic count in excess of 600 vehicles. (See Figure 3-2.[4])
MARGINAL ACCESS STREETMarginal access streets are minor streets parallel and adjacent to major traffic streets to provide access to abutting properties and control of intersections with major traffic streets. (See Figure 3-3.[5])
Any materials or combination of materials which are constructed or
erected, the use of which requires location on the ground or attached to something
located on the ground.
The layer of material used to provide a support for the base course
and to allow water to drain from beneath the pavement.
The completed earthwork on which the subbase or base in placed.
To slope the surface of a pavement upward toward the outside edge
of a roadway on a horizontal curve.
The difference in elevation between the inside and outside edges
of a roadway on a horizontal curve.
The portion of a bridge above the piers and abutments.
The Middle Smithfield Township Board of Supervisors.
The material placed on the embankment (usually earth) to add weight
to cause the embankment to settle.
One or more layers of a pavement structure designed to take care
of the traffic load; the top layer which resists skidding, traffic wear and
weathering.
A covering consisting of an asphalt binder followed by a single application
of aggregate, placed on a prepared gravel or crushed stone base.
A licensed professional surveyor registered by the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania.
A man-made or natural depression in grade for drainage of surface
water.
A very thin application of liquid bituminous material sprayed on
a bituminous surface or an existing pavement.
A tool for compacting soil in spots which cannot be reached by rollers.
The line where the side slope of an embankment meets the original
ground.
Middle Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.
The portion of the traveled way for the movement of a single line
of vehicles.
A survey instrument.
To excavate below the planned grade line.
A ditch filled with porous material, placed beneath the pavement
to remove groundwater.
Not firm enough to offer much resistance to movement.
A gradual change in gradient along center line of a street or road.
A discernible, definable natural course or channel along which water
is conveyed ultimately to streams and/or rivers at lower elevations. A watercourse
may originate from a lake or underground spring and may be permanent in nature
or it may originate from a temporary source such as a runoff from rain or
melting snow.
The top layer of a surface course.
[1]
Editor's Note: See 53 P.S. § 10101 et seq.
