The Legislature of the State of New Jersey has in N.J.S.A. 40:48-1
et seq. delegated the responsibility to local governmental units to
adopt regulations designed to promote public health, safety, and general
welfare of its citizenry. Therefore, the Mayor and Council of the
Borough of Stanhope, Sussex County, New Jersey, does ordain as follows.
It is the purpose of this article to promote the public health,
safety, and general welfare and to minimize public and private losses
due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed to:
A. Protect human life and health;
B. Minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood-control projects;
C. Minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding
and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public;
D. Minimize prolonged business interruptions;
E. Minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water
and gas mains, electric, telephone and sewer lines, streets, bridges
located in areas of special flood hazard;
F. Help maintain a stable tax base by providing for the second use and
development of areas of special flood hazard so as to minimize future
flood blight areas;
G. Ensure that potential buyers are notified that property is in an
area of special flood hazard; and
H. Ensure that those who occupy the areas of special flood hazard assume
responsibility for their actions.
In order to accomplish its purposes, this article includes methods
and provisions for:
A. Restricting or prohibiting uses which are dangerous to health, safety,
and property due to water or erosion hazards or which result in damaging
increases in erosion or in flood heights or velocities;
B. Requiring that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which
serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of
initial construction;
C. Controlling the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels,
and natural protective barriers, which help accommodate or channel
floodwaters;
D. Controlling filling, grading, dredging, and other development which
may increase flood damage; and
E. Preventing or regulating the construction of flood barriers which
will unnaturally divert floodwaters or which may increase flood hazards
in other areas.
Unless specifically defined below, words or phrases used in
this article shall be interpreted so as to give them the meaning they
have in common usage and to give this article its most reasonable
application.
APPEAL
A request for a review of the Construction Official's interpretation
of any provision of this article or a request for a variance.
AREA OF SHALLOW FLOODING
A designated AO, AH, or VO Zone on a community's Digital
Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) with a one-percent annual or greater
chance of flooding to an average depth of one foot to three feet where
a clearly defined channel does not exist, where the path of flooding
is unpredictable and where velocity flow may be evident. Such flooding
is characterized by ponding or sheet flow.
AREA OF SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD
The land in the floodplain within a community subject to
a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year.
BASE FLOOD
The flood having a one-percent chance of being equaled or
exceeded in any given year.
BASEMENT
Any area of the building having its floor subgrade (below
ground level) on all sides.
BREAKAWAY WALL
A wall that is not part of the structural support of the
building and is intended through its design and construction to collapse
under specific lateral loading forces without causing damage to the
elevated portion of the building or supporting foundation system.
DEVELOPMENT
Any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate,
including but not limited to buildings or other structures, mining,
dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations,
or storage of equipment or materials located within the area of special
flood hazard.
DIGITAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (DFIRM)
The official map on which the Federal Insurance Administration
has delineated both the areas of special flood hazards and the risk
premium zones applicable to the community.
ELEVATED BUILDING
A nonbasement building built i) in the case of a building,
in an area of special flood hazard to have the top of the elevated
floor elevated above the ground level by means of piling, columns
(posts and piers), or shear walls parallel to the flow of the water,
and ii) adequately anchored so as not to impair the structural integrity
of the building during a flood up to the magnitude of the base flood.
In an area of special flood hazard, "elevated building" also includes
a building elevated by means of fill or solid foundation perimeter
walls with openings sufficient to facilitate the unimpeded movement
of floodwaters.
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM)
The official map on which the Federal Insurance Administration
has delineated both the areas of special flood hazards and the risk
premium zones applicable to the community.
FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY (FIS)
The official report in which the Federal Insurance Administration
has provided flood profiles, as well as the Flood Insurance Rate Map(s)
and the water surface elevation of the base flood.
FLOOD or FLOODING
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete
inundation of normally dry land areas from:
A.
The overflow of inland or tidal waters; and/or
B.
The unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters
from any source.
FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS
Zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, building codes,
health regulations, special-purpose ordinances (such as a floodplain
ordinance, grading ordinance and erosion control ordinance) and other
applications of police power. The term describes such state or local
regulations, in any combination thereof, which provide standards for
the purpose of flood damage prevention and reduction.
FLOODWAY
The channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent
land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood
without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than
0.2 foot.
HIGHEST ADJACENT GRADE
The highest natural elevation of the ground surface prior
to construction next to the proposed walls of a structure.
HISTORIC STRUCTURE
Any structure that is:
A.
Listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places
(a listing maintained by the Department of Interior) or preliminarily
determined by the Secretary of the Interior as meeting the requirements
for individual listing on the National Register;
B.
Certified or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the
Interior as contributing to the historical significance of a registered
historic district or a district preliminarily determined by the Secretary
to qualify as a registered historic district;
C.
Individually listed on a state inventory of historic places
in states with historic preservation programs which have been approved
by the Secretary of the Interior; or
D.
Individually listed on a local inventory of historic places
in communities with historic preservation programs that have been
certified either:
(1)
By an approved state program as determined by the Secretary
of the Interior; or
(2)
Directly by the Secretary of the Interior in states without
approved programs.
LOWEST FLOOR
The lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area (including basement).
An unfinished or flood-resistant enclosure, usable solely for the
parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than
a basement, is not considered a building's lowest floor, provided
that such enclosure is not built so to render the structure in violation
of other applicable nonelevation design requirements.
MANUFACTURED HOME
A structure, transportable in one or more sections, which
is built on a permanent chassis and is designed for use with or without
a permanent foundation when attached to the required utilities. The
term "manufactured home" does not include a recreational vehicle.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
Structures for which the start of construction commenced
on or after the effective date of a floodplain regulation adopted
by a community and includes any subsequent improvements to such structures.
NEW MANUFACTURED HOME PARK OR SUBDIVISION
A manufactured home park or subdivision for which the construction
of facilities for servicing the lots on which the manufactured homes
are to be affixed (including, at a minimum, the installation of utilities,
the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the
pouring of concrete pads) is completed on or after the effective date
of the floodplain management regulations adopted by the municipality.
RECREATIONAL VEHICLE
A vehicle which is:
A.
Built on a single chassis;
B.
Four hundred square feet or less when measured at the longest
horizontal projections;
C.
Designed to be self-propelled permanently towable by a light-duty
truck; and
D.
Designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as
temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel, or seasonal
use.
START OF CONSTRUCTION
For other than new construction or substantial improvements
under the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (P.L. 97-348), includes substantial
improvements and means the date the building permit was issued, provided
that the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation,
addition, placement, or other improvement was within 180 days of the
permit date. "Actual start" means either the first placement of permanent
construction of a structure on a site such as the pouring of a slab
or footings, the installation of piles, the construction of columns,
or any work beyond the stage of excavation, or the placement of a
manufactured home on a foundation. Permanent construction does not
include land preparation, such as clearing, grading and filling, nor
does it include the installation of streets and/or walkways, nor does
it include excavation for a basement, footings or piers, or foundations
or the erection of temporary forms, nor does it include the installation
on the property of accessory buildings, such as garages or sheds not
occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main structure. For
a substantial improvement, "actual start of construction" means the
first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural
part of a building, whether or not that alteration affects the external
dimensions of the building.
STRUCTURE
A walled and roofed building, a manufactured home, or a gas
or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground.
SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE
Damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the
cost of restoring the structure to its before-damaged condition would
equal or exceed 50% of the market value of the structure before the
damage occurred.
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT
Any reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, or other improvement
of a structure, the cost of which exceeds 50% of the market value
of the structure before the "start of construction" of the improvement.
This term includes structures which have incurred "substantial damage,"
regardless of the actual repair work performed. The term does not,
however, include either:
A.
Any project for improvement of a structure to correct existing
violations of state or local health, sanitary or safety code specifications
which have been identified by the local code enforcement officer and
which are the minimum necessary to assure safe living conditions;
or
B.
Any alteration of an historic structure, provided that the alteration
will not preclude the structure's continued designation as an historic
structure.
VARIANCE
A grant of relief from the requirements of this article that
permits construction in a manner that would otherwise be prohibited
by this article.
This article shall apply to all areas of special flood hazards
within the jurisdiction of the Borough of Stanhope, Sussex County,
New Jersey.
No structure or land shall hereafter be constructed, located,
extended, converted, or altered without full compliance with the terms
of this article and other applicable regulations. Violation of the
provisions of this article by failure to comply with any of its requirements
(including violations of conditions and safeguards established in
connection with conditions) shall constitute a misdemeanor. Any person
who violates this article or fails to comply with any of its requirements
shall upon conviction thereof be punishable by a fine of not more
than $2,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 90 days or a
period of community service not exceeding 90 days, or any combination
thereof, for each violation, and in addition shall pay all costs and
expenses involved in the case. Nothing herein contained shall prevent
the Borough of Stanhope from taking such other lawful action as is
necessary to prevent or remedy any violation.
This article is not intended to repeal, abrogate, or impair
any existing easements, covenants, or deed restrictions. However,
where this article and other ordinance, easement, covenant, or deed
restriction conflict or overlap, whichever imposes the more stringent
restrictions shall prevail.
In the interpretation and application of this article, all provisions
shall be:
A. Considered as minimum requirements;
B. Liberally construed in favor of the governing body; and
C. Deemed neither to limit nor to repeal any other powers granted under
state statutes.
A development permit shall be obtained before construction or development begins, including placement of manufactured homes, within any area of special flood hazard established in §
100-154. Application for a development permit shall be made on forms furnished by the Construction Official and may include, but not be limited to, plans in duplicate drawn to scale showing the nature, location, dimensions, and elevations of the area in question; existing or proposed structures, fill, storage of materials, drainage facilities; and the location of the foregoing. Specifically, the following information is required:
A. Elevation, in relation to mean sea level, of the lowest floor (including
basement) of all structures;
B. Elevation, in relation to mean sea level, to which any structure
has been floodproofed.
C. Certification by a registered professional engineer or architect that the floodproofing methods for any nonresidential structure meet the floodproofing criteria in §
100-164B; and
D. Description of the extent to which any watercourse will be altered
or relocated as a result of proposed development.
The Construction Official is hereby appointed to administer
and implement this article by granting or denying development permit
applications in accordance with its provisions.
Duties of the Construction Official shall include, but not be
limited to:
A. Permit review.
(1)
Review all development permits to determine that the permit
requirements of this article have been satisfied.
(2)
Review all development permits to determine that all necessary
permits have been obtained from those federal, state or local governmental
agencies from which prior approval is required.
(3)
Review all development permits to determine if the proposed development is located in the floodway, assure that the encroachment provisions of §
100-165A are met.
B. Use of other base flood and floodway data. When base flood elevation and floodway data has not been provided in accordance with §
100-154, Basis for establishing the areas of special flood hazard, the Construction Official shall obtain, review, and reasonably utilize any base flood elevation and floodway data available from a federal, state or other source, in order to administer §
100-164A, Specific standards for flood hazard reduction: residential construction, and 100-164B, Specific standards for flood hazard reduction: nonresidential construction.
C. Information to be obtained and maintained.
(1)
Obtain and record the actual elevation (in relation to mean
sea level) of the lowest floor (including basement) of all new or
substantially improved structures, and whether or not the structure
contains a basement.
(2)
For all new or substantially improved floodproofed structures:
(a)
Verify and record the actual elevation (in relation to mean
sea level); and
(b)
Maintain the floodproofing certifications required in §
100-159C.
(3)
Maintain for public inspection all records pertaining to the
provisions of this article.
D. Alteration of watercourses.
(1)
Notify adjacent communities and the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection, Dam Safety and Flood Control section and
the Land Use Regulation Program prior to any alteration or relocation
of a watercourse, and submit evidence of such notification to the
Federal Insurance Administration.
(2)
Require that maintenance is provided within the altered or relocated
portion of said watercourse so the flood-carrying capacity is not
diminished.
E. Interpretation of FIRM boundaries. Make interpretations, where needed, as to the exact location of the boundaries of the areas of special flood hazards (for example, where there appears to be a conflict between a mapped boundary and actual field conditions). The person contesting the location of the boundary shall be given a reasonable opportunity to appeal the interpretation as provided in §
100-162.
In all areas of special flood hazards, the following standards
are required:
A. Anchoring.
(1)
All new construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored
to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement of the structure.
(2)
All manufactured homes shall be anchored to resist flotation,
collapse or lateral movement. Methods of anchoring may include, but
are not to be limited to, use of over-the-top or frame ties to ground
anchors. This requirement is in addition to applicable state and local
anchoring requirements for resisting wind forces.
B. Construction materials and methods.
(1)
All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed
with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage.
(2)
All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed
using methods and practices that minimize flood damage.
C. Utilities.
(1)
All new and replacement water supply systems shall be designed
to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the system;
(2)
New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed
to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the systems
and discharge from the systems into floodwaters;
(3)
On-site waste disposal systems shall be located to avoid impairment
to them or contamination from them during flooding; and
(4)
Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing and air-conditioning
equipment and other service facilities shall be designed and/or located
so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components
during conditions of flooding.
D. Subdivision proposals.
(1)
All subdivision proposals shall be consistent with the need
to minimize flood damage;
(2)
All subdivision proposals shall have public utilities and facilities
such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems located and constructed
to minimize flood damage;
(3)
All subdivision proposals shall have adequate drainage provided
to reduce exposure to flood damage; and
(4)
Base flood elevation data shall be provided for subdivision
proposals and other proposed development which contain at least 50
lots or five acres, whichever is less.
E. Enclosure openings. All new construction and substantial improvements
having fully enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are usable
solely for the parking of vehicles, building access or storage in
an area other than a basement and which are subject to flooding shall
be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on
exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters.
Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a
registered professional engineer or architect or must meet or exceed
the following minimum criteria: A minimum of two openings having a
total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot
of enclosed area subject to flooding shall be provided. The bottom
of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade. Openings
may be equipped with screens, louvers, or other covering or devices,
provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters.
In all areas of special flood hazards where base flood elevation data has been provided as set forth in §
100-154, Basis for establishing areas of special flood hazard, or in §
100-161B, Use of other base flood and floodway data, the following standards are required:
A. Residential construction.
(1)
New construction and substantial improvement of any residential
structure shall have the lowest floor, including basement, together
with the attendant utilities and sanitary facilities, elevated to
or above base flood elevation;
(2)
Within any AO Zone on the municipality's FIRM, all new construction
and substantial improvement of any residential structure shall have
the lowest floor, including basement, elevated above the highest adjacent
grade at least as high as the depth number specified in feet (at least
two feet if no depth number is specified), and require adequate drainage
paths around structures on slopes to guide floodwaters around and
away from proposed structures.
B. Nonresidential construction. In an area of special flood hazard,
all new construction and substantial improvement of any commercial,
industrial or other nonresidential structure shall have the lowest
floor, including basement, together with the attendant utilities and
sanitary facilities, either:
(1)
Elevated to the level of the base flood elevation, and within
any AO Zone on the municipality's DFIRM, that all new construction
and substantial improvement of any commercial, industrial or other
nonresidential structure shall have the lowest floor, including basement,
elevated above the highest adjacent grade at least as high as the
depth number specified in feet (at least two feet if no depth number
is specified), and require adequate drainage paths around structures
on slopes to guide floodwaters around and away from proposed structures;
or
(2)
Be floodproofed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water; have structural components capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy; and be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect that the design and methods of construction are in accordance with accepted standards of practice for meeting the applicable provisions of this subsection. Such certification shall be provided to the official as set forth in §
100-161C(2)(b).
C. Manufactured homes.
(1)
Manufactured homes shall be anchored in accordance with §
100-163A(2).
(2)
All manufactured homes to be placed or substantially improved
within an area of special flood hazard shall be elevated on a permanent
foundation such that the top of the lowest floor is at or above the
base flood elevation.
Located within areas of special flood hazard established in §
100-154 are areas designated as floodways. Since the floodway is an extremely hazardous area due to the velocity of floodwaters which carry debris, potential projectiles, and erosion potential, the following provisions apply:
A. Prohibit encroachments, including fill, new construction, substantial
improvements, and other development unless a technical evaluation
demonstrates that encroachment shall not result in any increase in
flood levels during the occurrence of the base flood discharge.
B. If §
100-165A is satisfied, all new construction and substantial improvements must comply with §
100-163, General standards for flood hazard reduction.
C. In all areas of special flood hazard in which base flood elevation
data has been provided and no floodway has been designated, the cumulative
effect of any proposed development, when combined with all other existing
and anticipated development, shall not increase the water surface
elevation of the base flood more than 0.2 of a foot at any point.