The work shall conform in all respects to the requirements of Standard Specifications of the New Jersey Department of Transportation, as amended and revised to date.
Cement used shall conform to the following requirements of the ASTM, as amended and revised to date:
A. 
Standard portland cement, ASTM Designation C-150, Type 1.
B. 
High early strength portland cement, ASTM Designation C-175.
C. 
Air-entraining portland cement, ASTM Designation C-175, Type 1-A.
D. 
Air-entraining agent shall be vinsol resin or Darex® AEA.
Aggregates, both fine and coarse, shall conform to the requirements therefor of the NJ Department of Transportation Standard Specifications, as amended and revised to date.
Water shall be clean, fresh and free of oils, acids, salts, organic matter or other injurious substances.
A. 
Unless otherwise provided, all concrete shall be air entrained, having 4% to 7% of entrained air, and shall be produced by using standard portland cement with additive or air-entraining portland cement, with or without additional additive, as may be required.
B. 
Except where otherwise specifically provided, concrete shall be Class A, B, C or S, as prescribed, proportioned as follows:
Class
Cement
Sand
Coarse Aggregate
Void Content
28-Day Verification Strength
(psi)
A
1
1.50
3.0
1.350
5,000
B
1
1.75
3.5
1.575
4,500
C
1
2.00
4.0
1.800
4,000
S
1
2.25
4.5
2.025
2,000
C. 
When the coarse aggregate has a percentage of voids above or below 45, the volume of coarse aggregate or sand, respectively, shall be decreased so that the volume of said voids will equal 90% of the sand volume. The volume shall be measured when the materials are dry and loose, not when they are rodded or shaken.
D. 
Class "C" concrete shall be used for the construction of concrete cradles and Class "S" for the construction of thrust blocks. Batching and mixing equipment shall be of a size and type suitable for work to be done and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. The class of concrete required for the various items of work shall be as shown on the plans or in the specifications.
Reinforcement steel shall be Grade 40, conforming to the requirements of either ASTM Designation A-615 or ASTM Designation A-617.
Wire mesh or fabric shall conform to ASTM Designation A-185, as amended and revised to date.
Concrete block for the construction of manholes, inlets and catch basins shall conform to the requirements of the American Society for Testing Materials Specifications, as amended and revised to date. Concrete blocks for manholes shall have the required radius and batter.
Brick shall be Grade MA conforming to the American Society for Testing Materials Specifications therefor, as amended and revised to date.
Mortar shall be 1:2 cement-sand mortar.
A. 
Iron castings shall conform to the requirements of the American Society for Testing Materials Specifications for gray iron casting, as amended and revised to date, supplemented as follows:
B. 
Castings shall be boldly filleted and risers shall be sharp and perfect. The castings shall be true to pattern in form and dimension, free of pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blowholes and other defects which affect their strength and value for the service intended. The bearing surfaces of frames, covers and grates shall be fitted together so as to prevent rocking and the pieces match marked.
Ladder rungs shall be fabricated of extruded aluminum allow conforming to the current American Society for Testing Materials Specifications therefor and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. See § 12-5C(2)(n).
A. 
Limits of excavation.
(1) 
Excavation shall be made to approved lines, which shall be of sufficient width for forming the pipe joints. Trench widths shall be selected so that the backfill will not exceed the safe load on the pipe. In all cases, the trench sides shall be vertical from the bottom to 12 inches above the top outside diameter of the pipe. In general, the widths of pipe trenches shall not be wider than the outside diameter of the pipe barrel, plus two feet at the level of the top of the pipe, unless otherwise approved. Trench bottoms shall be trimmed by hand to provide firm bedding. The last three inches of depth for all pipe trenches shall be removed with pick and shovel to the proper lines and grades before placing foundation material and pipe.
(2) 
Blasting for rock excavation will be permitted only on approval of methods, and in compliance with applicable state and local regulations.
B. 
Sheeting and bracing. Where excavations are made with sides at greater than natural slope, sheeting and bracing shall be used of sufficient strength to sustain the sides of the excavations and to prevent movement which could in any way injure the work, or diminish the working spaces sufficiently to delay the work. Sheeting shall be of a material that will not split while being driven. Sheeting and bracing shall conform to the requirements of the Construction Safety Code of the Bureau of Engineering and Safety of the New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry.
C. 
Dewatering. The Contractor shall provide, operate and maintain satisfactory facilities and equipment, including well points, with which to collect and pump all water entering excavations or other parts of the work to suitable places for disposal. All excavations shall be kept free of water until the work or structure to be built therein is completed. Water shall be discharged through pipe or gutters, or any other suitable artificial means to catch basins, watercourses, or ditches in such a manner as to avoid interference with business, pedestrian and vehicular traffic and so as to prevent damage to property.
D. 
Backfill. All backfill shall consist of a suitable selected and approved earth generally from storage of approved excavated soil, free from rejected organic matter, boggy, peaty, humus or other unsuitable material such as silt, rubbish, waste, ashes or cinders. If sufficient suitable material for backfill is not available from the excavated material, as determined by the Engineer, the contractor shall procure elsewhere a sufficient quantity of suitable material and shall furnish and place such material. No frozen earth shall be used for backfill and all stones more than six inches in the largest dimensions shall be removed from acceptable earth or fill and backfill. Unsuitable or excess backfill material shall be promptly removed from the site.
E. 
Placing and compacting backfill.
(1) 
Backfill shall be made to the slopes, grades and elevations required. Backfill shall be compacted in an approved manner to a density at least equal to that of the adjacent undisturbed soil, so as to avoid future unequal settlement.
(2) 
No backfill shall be placed until the structure has been inspected in place and approved. Backfilling shall be carried out as soon as possible after such approval.
(3) 
Trenches shall be backfilled from the top of the foundation material to a depth of not less than 12 inches over the pipes using only bank-run sand and gravel. Such material shall be uniformly placed on each side of the pipe in six-inch layers, wetted as required, and firmly compacted by approved tamping machines. Care shall be taken not to damage the pipe. After a compacted coverage of 12 inches has been made, the remainder of the trench shall be compactly filled in an approved manner.
(4) 
The bank-run sand or gravel must be compacted after sprinkling with water to obtain optimum moisture content. Final in-place density must be at least 90% of the maximum density obtainable with the material used, as determined by AASHO Designation T-99 Compaction and Density Tests, using Method "C."
F. 
Foundation material.
(1) 
Foundation material used for pipe bedding, from a distance below the pipe invert to the lower quarter point of the pipe, shall be bank-run sand and gravel or crushed stone. Pipe embodiment material from the lower quarter point to 12 inches above the top of the pipe shall be bank-run sand and gravel.
(2) 
Bank-run sand and gravel shall conform to the requirements of the New Jersey Department of Transportation, 1968 Revisions, Standard Specifications for Type 1, Class A bank-run sand and gravel, while crushed stone shall conform to the requirements of the New Jersey Department of Transportation Standard Specifications, Division 8, Section 8.1, Type 1, Class B. Frozen and lumpy material shall not be used.
(3) 
All foundation material shall be placed and compacted as directed and approved by the Engineer.
A. 
All pipe and fittings shall be installed to the lines and elevations shown or ordered, and in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
B. 
Suitable tools and equipment shall be used for proper handling, storing, laying pipe and fittings. In order to avoid damage to the interior coatings of pipe, lifting hooks or bars shall not be inserted therein. Each pipe and fitting shall be checked for defects and injuries as laying proceeds. Imperfect pipe materials shall be rejected and removed from the work. Pipe found to be defective after laying shall be removed and replaced by undamaged material.
C. 
The interior of all pipe shall be cleaned of dirt and other deleterious materials and kept clean as the next section of pipe is laid. During the progress of the work, the exposed ends of the pipe shall be provided with approved temporary covers fitted to the pipe in order to prevent material from entering the pipe.
D. 
Where pipe must be cut to fit as closing pieces, such cuts shall be evenly and squarely made in a workmanlike manner with approved equipment. Injury to linings or coatings shall be satisfactorily repaired.
E. 
Where cast-iron mechanical joint, Tyton® or Ring-Tite™ fittings are used, the contractor shall furnish and install concrete thrust blocks, tie rods or other approved means for preventing movements at joints, bends, tees and other fittings as shown or directed. Joints must be thoroughly brushed with a wire brush to remove all loose rust or foreign material. Soapy water must be brushed over the joint surfaces and over the gasket. Bolts shall be tightened uniformly, using only torque-limiting wrenches to avoid overstressing the bolts. Bolt heads, nuts and other unpainted surfaces shall be coated with two heavy applications of black asphaltum varnish.
F. 
All pipe shall be laid in accordance with approved details. All pipe shall be laid on top of a layer of foundation material and the same material shall be carried up to a level four inches from the bottom of the pipe. Where concrete cradles are used to support the pipe, foundation material will not be required. No solid blocking will be permitted under pipe. Joints shall be made in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer.