Initial Speed
(mph)
|
Curvature, K1 (ft/%)
Crest
|
Curvature, K1 (ft/%)
Sag
| |
---|---|---|---|
15
|
3
|
10
| |
20
|
7
|
17
| |
25
|
12
|
26
| |
30
|
19
|
37
| |
35
|
29
|
49
| |
40
|
44
|
64
| |
45
|
61
|
79
| |
50
|
84
|
96
| |
55
|
114
|
115
|
NOTES:
| ||
---|---|---|
1Rate of vertical curvature, K =
length of curve (L) per percent algebraic difference (A) in the intersection
grades (K=L/A).
|
Initial Speed
(mph)
|
Center-Line Radius1 with No Superelevation
(feet)
|
Center-Line Radius1 with 4% Superelevation (e max)
(feet)
| |
---|---|---|---|
15
|
50
|
42
| |
20
|
107
|
86
| |
25
|
198
|
154
| |
30
|
333
|
250
| |
35
|
510
|
371
| |
40
|
762
|
533
| |
45
|
1039
|
711
| |
50
|
926
| ||
55
|
1190
|
NOTES:
| ||
---|---|---|
*Derived from AASHTO formula Rmin = V2/15*(0.01e + fmax).
| ||
1Curve radius shall be measured to
the center line of cartways and access drives.
|
Angle
|
Vehicle Projection Minimum
|
Aisle Minimum
|
Base Module1
|
Single Loaded
|
Wall to Interlock
|
Interlock to Interlock
|
Curb to Curb
|
Over- hang
|
Inter-lock2 Reduction
|
Stall Width Projection2 Minimum
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VP
|
A
|
W1
|
W2
|
W3
|
W4
|
W5
|
o
|
i
|
WP
| |
45°
|
17'8"
|
12'8"
|
48'0"
|
30'4"
|
45'0"
|
42'0"
|
44'6"
|
1'9"
|
3'0"
|
12'0"
|
50°
|
18'3"
|
13'3"
|
49'9"
|
31'6"
|
47'0"
|
44'3"
|
45'11"
|
1'11"
|
2'9"
|
11'1"
|
55°
|
18'8"
|
13'8"
|
51'0"
|
32'4"
|
48'7"
|
46'2"
|
46'10"
|
2'1"
|
2'5"
|
10'5"
|
60°
|
19'0"
|
14'6"
|
52'6"
|
33'6"
|
50'4"
|
48'2"
|
48'2"
|
2'2"
|
2'2"
|
9'10"
|
65°
|
19'2"
|
15'5"
|
53'9"
|
34'7"
|
51'11"
|
50'1"
|
50'1"
|
2'3"
|
1'10"
|
9'5"
|
70°
|
19'3"
|
16'6"
|
55'0"
|
35'9"
|
53'7"
|
52'2"
|
52'2"
|
2'4"
|
1'5"
|
9'1"
|
75°
|
19'1"
|
17'10"
|
56'0"
|
36'11"
|
54'11"
|
53'10"
|
53'10"
|
2'5"
|
1'1"
|
8'10"
|
90°
|
18'0"
|
20'0"
|
60'0"3
|
42'0"
|
60'0"
|
60'0"
|
60'0"
|
2'6"
|
0'0"
|
8'6"
|
NOTES:
| |
---|---|
1
|
Module is defined as the combined dimension of two
parked vehicles and the aisle between them.
|
2
|
Calculated for 8'6" stall.
|
3
|
Base width may not be waived.
|
4
|
Parking dimensions based on design vehicles of 6'7"
x 17'0".
|
Minimum-Maximum Horizontal2
(footcandles)
|
Minimum/ Maximum Horizontal Uniformity3
|
Minimum-Maximum Vertical4
(footcandles)
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic1
|
1-5
|
10:1 - 5:1
|
0.5-5
| ||
Ramps5
| |||||
Day
|
2-5
|
10:1 - 5:1
|
1-5
| ||
Night
|
1-5
|
10:1 - 5:1
|
0.5-5
| ||
Entrance/Exit Areas6
| |||||
Day7
|
50
|
25
| |||
Night
|
1-5
|
10:1 - 5:1
|
0.5-5
| ||
Stairways
|
2-5
|
1-5
|
NOTES:
| |||
---|---|---|---|
Table based on the Illuminating Engineering Society (IET).
| |||
1For typical conditions.
| |||
2Minimum "maintained" footcandles
measured on the parking surface, without any shadowing effect from
parked vehicles or columns. This may require 3-5 footcandle average
| |||
3The highest horizontal illuminance
area divided by the lowest horizontal illuminance point or area shall
not be greater than the ratio shown.
| |||
4Measured facing the drive aisle
at five feet above the parking surface at the point of the lowest
horizontal illuminance.
| |||
5Applies only to clearway ramps (with
no adjacent parking) but not sloping floor designs.
| |||
6A high illuminance level for the
first 65 feet inside the structure is needed to effect a transition
from bright daylight to a lower interior level.
| |||
7Daylight may be considered in the
design calculations.
|
Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
| |
Norway maple (Acer platanoides)
| |
Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
| |
Empress tree (Paulownia tomentosa)
| |
Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana)
| |
Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila)
|
Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
| |
European barberry (Berberis vulgaris)
| |
Russian Olive (Elaegnus angustifolia)
| |
Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellate)
| |
Winged euonymus (Euonymus alatus)
| |
Border privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium)
| |
Common privet (Ligustrum vulgare)
| |
Tartarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tartarica)
| |
Standish honeysuckle (Lonicera standishii)
| |
Morrow's honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii)
| |
Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
| |
Bell's honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii x tatarica)
| |
Common buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus)
| |
Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula)
| |
Wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius)
| |
Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
| |
Japanese spiraea (Spiraea japonica)
| |
Guelder rose (Viburnum opulus var. opulus)
|
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)
| |
Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum)
| |
Maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis)
| |
Common reed (Phragmites australis)
| |
Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea)
| |
Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense)
| |
Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor ssp. drummondii)
|
Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
| |
Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria)
| |
Bull thistle (Crisium vulgare)
| |
Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense)
| |
Musk thistle (Carduus nutans)
| |
Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)
| |
Goatsrue (Galega officinalis)
| |
Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum
| |
Dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
| |
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria, L. virgatum)
| |
Eurasian water-milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)
| |
Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogallum nutans, umbellatum)
| |
Japanese knotweed (Polygonum (Falopia) cuspidatum/Polgonum sachalinense)
| |
Wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)
| |
Beefsteak plant (Perilla frutescens)
| |
Lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria)
| |
Water chestnut (Trapa natans)
|
Fiveleaf akebia (Akebia quinata)
| |
Porcelain-berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
| |
Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus)
| |
Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
| |
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata)
| |
Mile-a-minute vine (Polygonum perfoliatum)
|
Use
|
Task
|
Maintained Footcandles1
|
Uniformity Ratio2
(Max.:Min.)
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Streets
|
Local residential
|
0.4 min.
|
6:1
| |
Local commercial
|
0.9 min.
|
6:1
| ||
Parking: multifamily residential
|
Low vehicular/pedestrian activity
|
0.2 min.
|
4:1
| |
Medium vehicular/pedestrian activity
|
0.6 min.
|
4:1
| ||
Parking: industrial, commercial, institutional and municipal
|
High activity (e.g., regional shopping centers/fast-food facilities,
major athletic/civic/cultural events)
|
0.9 min.
|
4:1
| |
Medium activity (e.g., community shopping centers, office parks,
hospitals, commuter lots, cultural/civic/recreational events)
|
0.6 min.
|
4:1
| ||
Low activity (e.g., neighborhood shopping, industrial employee
parking, schools, church parking, farm businesses, farm operations)
|
0.2 min.
|
4:1
| ||
Walkways and bikeways
|
0.5 min.
|
5:1
| ||
Building entrances and signs
|
4.0 avg.
|
NOTES:
| ||
---|---|---|
1. Illumination levels are maintained horizontal footcandles
on the task, e.g., pavement or area surface.
| ||
2. Uniformity ratio is a measure of the dispersion of light
on an area. The ratio is measured as maximum light level to minimum
light level. Example: 4:1 for the given area, the maximum level of
illumination shall be no less than four times the minimum level of
illumination (0.2 x 4 = 0.8 maximum light level)
|