City of Charleston, MO Streets and Sidewalks

[R.O. 1993 § 520.010]

All streets constructed in the City of Charleston shall be constructed according to the plans and specifications prepared by a Missouri certified professional engineer and approved by the City Engineer and adhere to the following minimum standard specifications, to wit:

Use Of Streets Or Public Property. The contractor's operations in public streets or alleys shall be confined to as small a space as is practicable, so as not to cause undue inconvenience to the public or abutting properties, and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.

Should the contractor require space other than the above, he/she shall obtain same in private property at no cost to the City, by agreement with the owner thereof.

Maintenance Of Traffic. During the progress of work, the contractor shall accommodate both vehicular and foot traffic and shall provide free access to abutting property, fire hydrants, and water and gas valves, to the greatest extent possible.

Cleanliness Of The Work. The contractor shall keep the work, and all property occupied by him/her in a neat and orderly condition at all times. Waste materials, rubbish, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate. Contractor's equipment, temporary buildings, and excess materials shall be promptly removed from City property as they become no longer needed for the progress of the work. At the completion of the work, the premises shall be left raked clean.

Street Cleanliness. The contractor shall clean and keep clean the streets, the work, and public or private property occupied by him/her, from waste materials or refuse resulting from his/her operations. Trucks hauling excavated material, cement, sand, stone, or other loose materials from or to the site shall be tight so that no spillage will occur on adjacent streets. Before trucks start away from the site their loads shall be trimmed. Should the contractor be negligent of his/her duties in maintaining the proper street cleanliness, the City will take necessary steps to perform such cleaning and shall charge the contractor for all the costs therefor.

Maintenance Of Existing Drainage. Drainage through sewers and drains shall be maintained at all times during construction and all gutters shall be kept open for drainage. Where sewers are encountered in the line of work, which interfere with the construction, the flow in the sewers, including both dry weather flow and storm flow, shall be maintained by either constructing a satisfactory flume or bypass sewer or by pumping, or by both.

Existing Improvements.

The contractor shall give due notice to all City departments or public service corporations whose tracks, poles, wires, pipes, conduits, governmental survey monuments, bench marks or other structures, may be affected by his/her operations.

All public utilities including building service connections, whether indicated on the plans or not, which in the opinion of the Engineer can be satisfactorily secured in place and maintained without interfering with the proper execution of the work, shall be taken care of by the contractor, or at his/her instance and expense by the utility concerned, in such manner as to secure the safety of the public and said structures.

When the contractor deems it unsafe, impractical or impossible to construct the work without moving a utility, he/she shall notify the Engineer; should the Engineer concur in the contractor's request, he/she shall notify the utility concerned to have said utility moved accordingly. The work of moving said utility shall be at the expense of the utility company and the City shall not be responsible for any delay or expense which the contractor may encounter due to the failure on the part of the utility company to promptly move said utility.

Safety Requirements. All work shall be carried on by the contractor in a safe manner. He/she shall cause all necessary precautions to be taken to protect workmen from all hazards arising from his/her operations. To prevent accidents from harmful or dangerous gases, no person shall be permitted to enter sewers or manholes without first obtaining the permission of the Engineer.

Lights And Protection. The contractor shall erect and maintain such strong and suitable barriers and such warning lights deemed necessary to prevent the happening of any accident to health, limb, or property. Lights shall be maintained between the hours of sunset and sunrise.

Pumping And Drainage. All pumping or de-watering in connection with the construction must be done in such a manner that the soil and bottom of open trenches or tunnel excavations will not be pumped away with the water and thus weaken or undermine existing structures. The soil under, around, or adjacent to the structure must not be disturbed, removed or displaced by construction operations.

10.

Work In Freezing Weather. Unless written permission be given, work liable to be affected by frost shall be suspended during freezing weather. When work proceeds under such a condition, the contractor shall provide approved facilities for heating the materials and for protecting the finished work.

11.

Sanitary Convenience. Adequate sanitary conveniences for the use of workmen, properly secluded from public observation, shall be provided and maintained in a sanitary condition, and their use shall be strictly enforced. Wherever manholes or catch basins have been used, they shall be thoroughly flushed and cleared when no longer required for that purpose.

12.

Surveys, Points And Instructions.

The City, through the Engineer, shall furnish such survey lines and grades as may be necessary for the proper control of the work; this shall not relieve the contractor of responsibility for making careful and accurate measurements and for constructing the work accurately to the lines and grades furnished by the Engineer. The contractor shall give the Engineer reasonable notice of his/her requirements for such survey lines and grades as he/she may require.

The contractor shall furnish and place as directed all necessary guide boards and appurtenances, and give such other incidental assistance at the site as may be required by the Engineer for staking out the work. The contractor's working operations which interfere with the activities of the Engineer shall be temporarily suspended for such time as the Engineer may deem necessary. The contractor shall give the Engineer reasonable notice of his/her requirements for such survey lines and grades as he/she may require.

The contractor shall carefully preserve the points furnished by the Engineer, and he/she shall receive no extra compensation for any materials or services furnished by him/her incidental to these operations of the Engineer.

13.

Test Borings. Subsurface information given on the plans is for general information only. Its correctness or incorrectness shall not affect the provisions of the contract. The contractor shall assume all risks and responsibility and shall complete the work in whatever material and under whatever conditions he/she may encounter or create, without extra cost to the owner.

14.

Restoration Of Pavements And Walks. The contractor will be held liable for damages done to pavements and sidewalks caused by his/her construction operations. The City may either make repairs at the contractor's expense or require the contractor to make repair.

15.

Test Samples Furnished By Contractors. All materials necessary for the purpose of making required tests shall be furnished free to the owner by the contractor. The cost of making tests shall be borne by the owner.

16.

Ownership Of Salvage Materials. All old paving brick, curbing, crosswalks, gutter, culverts, sewer pipe, iron pipe and castings and similar materials removed during the construction work shall remain the property of the contractor, unless otherwise directed, and the contractor shall dispose of such material as directed by the Engineer.

17.

Portland Cement Concrete Pavement With Integral Curb.

Scope Of Work. This work shall include the construction of non-reinforced concrete pavement with a minimum thickness of six (6) inches, with integral curb, on a prepared subgrade or base course in accordance with the plans and specifications. Inclusion of reinforcement will be allowed, and may be mandatory depending on site conditions.

Materials.

Portland Cement. Portland Cement shall comply with Section 1019 of the Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction.

Water. Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean, and free from injurious quantities of acids, alkalis, organic materials or other deleterious materials.

Aggregates. Aggregates for concrete shall meet the requirements of Section 1005 of the Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, except that chert, flint or other siliceous materials shall be limited to a maximum of two percent (2%) by weight.

Proportions. The proportions of aggregate to cement for any concrete shall be such as to produce a mixture which will work readily into the form angles and around the reinforcement without excessive manipulation, segregation, or water gain.

The percentage of sand to total aggregate shall be between thirty-five percent (35%) and forty-five percent (45%). The water content shall not exceed six (6) gallons per sack for non-air-entrained concrete and five and one-half (5 1/2) gallons per sack for air entrained concrete.

The cement content shall be at least six (6) sacks of ninety-four (94) pounds each per cubic yard of concrete.

Mixing Concrete. The concrete shall be mixed until there is a uniform distribution of the materials and shall be discharged completely before the mixer is recharged.

The ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered in accordance with the requirements as set forth in Standard Specifications for Ready-Mixed Concrete, ASTM C-94.

Subgrade. The subgrade and base course shall be graded, compacted and rolled to ensure maximum density to the exact cross-section and elevations and shall be tested with an approved template before concreting. High areas shall be reduced to grade and low areas raised to grade with approved material compacted in place, as directed.

Forms. Forms for key ways shall be of steel. Flexible forms may be used for curves of radius less than one hundred (100) feet. Forms shall be cleaned and oiled before use and shall be securely staked and braced and have rigid, tight connections at joints.

Placing Of Concrete. Concrete shall be deposited with a minimum of rehandling to avoid segregation. No concrete that has partially hardened or been contaminated by foreign material shall be deposited on the work, nor shall retempered concrete be used.

All concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated by vibrating to eliminate voids.

Joints. Expansion and contraction joints may be sawed or premolded and shall be installed at right angles to the grade and the length of the street unless shown otherwise on the plan. Sawed grooves shall be at least one-sixth (1/6) the thickness of the concrete and shall be filled with a bituminous or other approved joint sealing material.

Premolded Expansion Joints. Three-fourths-inch premolded bituminous filler shall be installed as noted on plans, and at all connections with existing concrete structures. Expansion joint materials shall be cut to the full size of the pavement and integral curb cross-section. The top of the expansion joint shall be scraped free of mortar.

Premolded Or Sawed Contraction Joints. Contractions joints shall be installed at intervals of not more than twenty (20) feet.

Longitudinal Joints. Joints between construction lanes shall be of the keyed construction type. Dimension of key to be as indicated on plans.

Construction Joints. Construction joints may be keyed or butt type and shall be located to correspond to the regular location of a contraction joint or not less than ten (10) feet from any other joint. Butt type joints shall have dowels on two-foot centers, extending at least six (6) inches into and out of the concrete.

Finishing Concrete. The concrete shall be brought to the proper section by means of a mechanical finishing machine, a vibratory screed or by an approved type of strike-off board. If a strike-off board is used, it shall be constructed of a material that will not warp, shrink or sag and shall weigh not less than ten (10) pounds per lineal foot. The strike-off board shall be used as a tamping template, if other equipment is not provided for this purpose, with an up and down motion while being propelled forward manually. Any of the above devices, if used, shall be adjusted to the exact crown of the pavement.

After the concrete has been struck off to the proper crown and thickness, a float or lute not less than four (4) feet long shall be drawn across the pavement. The lute shall be used with its length parallel to the center line of the pavement and shall be operated in a transverse motion, planning off high spots and filling in depressions. Spacing shall overlap each area by one-half (1/2) the length of the lute.

The surface shall be checked with a straight edge not less than ten (10) feet in length, mounted on long handle and any low spots filled in and high spots removed. All disturbed places shall be refloated. The pavement shall not vary more than one-fourth (1/4) inch from a ten (10) foot straight edge lain parallel to the center line.

The final finish shall be made by brooming transversely with a street broom having medium coarse fibers, or with an approved burlap drag.

All exposed edges of the concrete at joints and back of curb shall be finished with an edging tool of one-fourth-inch radius.

Integral Curb. Integral curb shall be constructed at each side of the pavement conforming to the dimensions and design as shown on plans and shall be constructed of the same concrete as the pavement.

The curb shall be placed immediately after all pavement finishing operations and before the concrete has taken its initial set. The time elapsing between placing the pavement and placing the curb shall not be more than forty-five (45) minutes. A thorough bond shall be obtained between the pavement and the curb; if necessary the pavement shall be roughened by a trowel or wire brush. After the concrete has been placed in the curb forms, it shall be spudded or tamped to ensure sufficient density to prevent honeycomb. When the concrete has sufficiently set, the face forms shall be removed and the curb finished to proper alignment, grade and cross-section by trawling and floating with properly shaped tools. No plastering with cement mortar will be permitted. The final finish shall be made by brushing transversely from bottom to top.

All transverse joints in the pavement shall be matched evenly and continued through the curb and shall conform to the shape of the curb.

Curing. After the concrete has been finally finished and the free water has left the surface, the exposed surface shall be sprayed with an approved curing compound. After the side forms are removed the sides shall be sprayed with the curing solution.

Cold Weather Requirements. Concreting shall not be continued when the air temperature is below forty-five degrees Fahrenheit (45° F.). Unless the aggregate and/or water are heated to produce a placing temperature of the concrete between sixty degrees Fahrenheit (60° F.) and ninety degrees Fahrenheit (90° F.), and unless adequate provisions are made for maintaining protection against freezing of the concrete for at least seven (7) days after placing. No concrete shall be placed on frozen subgrade.

Slump Requirements. Prior to placement, each batch of concrete shall be slump tested in accordance with AASHTO T-119. The maximum permissible slump for paving concrete shall be four (4) inches.

Strength Requirements. Compressive strength test results performed on standard six-inch-by-twelve-inch concrete cylinders made during, and representative of, each concrete pour shall be submitted to the City. Cylinders shall be made in accordance with ASTM C-31, and tested in accordance with ASTM C-39. A minimum twenty-eight-day compressive strength of four thousand (4,000) psi shall be demonstrated.

18.

Grading.

Scope Of Work. Construction of embankments and grading shall be in accordance with the plans and specifications.

Excavation. Excavation shall conform to limits indicated on the plans or specified herein. Excavation shall not be made below grade except where rock or stone masonry is encountered or removal of unstable material is directed by the Engineer. Material removed below grade shall be replaced with approved material thoroughly compacted. Excavated material suitable for embankments or fills shall be stored, if required, to minimize the use of borrow.

Borrow. Where required to complete the embankment or fill, the contractor shall provide the necessary additional material. The source and quality of borrow material shall be approved by the Engineer. The contractor shall give the Engineer at least five (5) days' notice before removing borrow material from any approved borrow pit.

Drainage. Spring or seepage water encountered shall be reported to the Engineer if drainage is not provided for by the plans. The contractor shall keep the excavation free from water at all times by pumping or otherwise. Excess or disapproved excavated material shall be disposed of as directed by the Engineer.

Embankment And Fills. Fills shall not be started until the area has been inspected and approved by the Engineer. Embankment and fill material shall be free from frost, stumps, trees, roots, sod, or muck. Only approved material from excavation or borrow pits shall be used. Material shall not be placed on frozen ground.

Preparing Ground Surface. When existing roadways are to be covered with less than one (1) foot of fill the surface shall be scarified and compacted to the same density as adjacent areas. When fill is to be placed over wet ground that will not support the weight of trucks or other equipment, the lower part of the fill shall be made with sand, gravel or other selected material deposited in a blanket layer no deeper than is necessary to support the operating equipment. Top nine (9) inches of blanket layer shall be compacted to required density before subsequent layers are placed.

Construction Methods. Excavated material shall be so handled, conserved, stored, and placed as to have the least desirable material at the bottom of the embankments, grading up to the best material at the top.

Soils shall be placed in eight-inch maximum layers and compacted with a sheep's foot roller or other method of compaction approved by the Engineer. Places inaccessible to roller shall be compacted with mechanical or hand tampers. Final rolling of the top layer shall be with a smooth-wheel or vibratory roller. Stones in earth fill shall be well distributed. No stones over four (4) inches in diameter shall be within three (3) inches of finished subgrade. Each layer shall be free of ruts and shall meet compaction requirements before succeeding layer is placed. Layers shall be maintained with crown or slope to provide drainage and prevent erosion.

Operation of equipment shall be distributed to avoid rutting and unequal compaction.

Protection Of Structures. Culverts, headwalls, and other structures shall be constructed before fill is placed. Fill around culvert, headwalls, or other structures shall be carefully and symmetrically placed in six-inch to eight-inch layers and shall be compacted to the degree specified below.

Compaction Requirement.

Practical Control. In construction of embankments and preparation of subgrades, the soil shall be compacted with approved equipment. The soil shall be treated and worked so as to be damp, but not wet. Each layer of the fill, subgrade or base shall be rolled and compacted by approved means to achieve ninety-five percent (95%) of the maximum dry density obtainable from that material, as determined by AASHTO T-99.

Subgrade Preparation. Rough subgrades, including slopes and ditches shall be formed and maintained to provide proper drainage.

Fine Grading Of Subgrade. Rough subgrade shall be cleaned of all loose or foreign materials and reshaped if rutted. Approved materials shall be added to meet required grade. Shaping and compacting shall be done with blade graders and a power roller weighing five (5) tons to ten (10) tons. Soft spots shall be reinforced and drained as directed by the Engineer.

Tolerances. Finished surface shall be smooth and even and shall not vary more than three-eighths (3/8) inch in ten (10) feet from true profile and cross-section or more than one-half (1/2) inch from true elevation.

Finishing Slopes And Surfaces. All areas shall be finished to smooth compact surfaces in conformity with the plans and shall be raked free of stones or clods. Backfilling back of curbs and sloping to walk or property line is included.

Maintenance. Finished work shall be drained and maintained until final acceptance.

19.

Plant Mix Bituminous Pavement.

Scope Of Work. This work shall consist of a bituminous mixture prepared in an approved plant and placed on a prepared base so as to give a "compacted" surface of not less than one and one-half (1 1/2) inches in thickness.

Materials. All materials entering into the construction of the bituminous surface under these specifications shall conform to Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction as follows:

Bituminous Material. Bituminous material shall meet the requirements of one of the following Sections:

Section 1015.2, Type RC Liquid Asphaltic Materials

Section 1015.3, Type MC Liquid Asphaltic Materials

Section 1015.5, Asphaltic Cement

Section 1015.7, Emulsified Asphalt

The Engineer will designate the grade after examination of the mineral aggregate which the contractor proposes to furnish. The amount of bituminous material to be used will be designated by the Engineer.

Aggregates. Mineral aggregates shall meet the requirements of Sections 1002 and 1004 of the Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction.

The gradation limits specified are master ranges of tolerance to govern the mixtures made from any available raw material or combinations thereof meeting the specifications. A closer control within these ranges may be required for a specific project. The gradation limits set forth are the maximum ranges which will be permitted. They are not to be construed to mean that the gradation of the aggregate for anyone contract may vary at random within these limits. The contractor shall, within practical limits, provide aggregate for the entire project which is uniform in gradation.

General. In addition to the above requirements, the bituminous material and mineral aggregate shall result in a bituminous mixture which shall be durable and retain satisfactory cohesion and stability in the presence of moisture. Total mineral ninety-two percent (92%) to ninety-six and five-tenths percent (96.5%); bituminous material three and five-tenths percent (3.5%) to eight percent (8%).

Construction Methods.

Asphaltic pavements shall be placed on a prepared surface consisting of compacted subgrade and compacted aggregate base course. The surface shall then be primed in accordance with Section 408 of the Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction. Rate of application shall be three-tenths (0.3) gallon per square yard.

Equipment and methods used to process and mix asphaltic materials shall be in accordance with Section 404 of the Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction.

Paving Plant Inspection. For the verification of the weight of proportion and character of materials, and for the determination of temperatures used in the preparation of the mixture, the Engineer or his/her authorized representative shall have access at any time to all parts of the paving plant.

Transportation Of Mixture. The mixture shall be transported to the work in tight vehicles previously cleaned of all foreign materials; no loads shall be sent out so late in the day that spreading the mixture cannot be done in the daylight.

Spreading Coated Aggregate. The mixed material shall be uniformly spread upon the previously prepared base in the amount designated on the plans. Spreading shall be done by means of mechanical spreader. After finishing, the road shall have a smooth, uniform surface.

The mixture shall be laid only when the prepared subgrade or underlying course is dry and weather conditions are suitable. No mixture shall be spread when the atmospheric temperature is below fifty degrees Fahrenheit (50° F.), or when there is frost on the ground.

Compaction. After spreading, the mixture shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling with self-propelled rollers. The mixture shall be compacted as soon as it is in a condition to receive the rollers. The speed of the rollers shall not exceed three (3) miles per hour. Rollers shall be in good condition and capable of reversing without backlash. Rolling shall begin at the sides and progress gradually to the center. Rollers shall travel parallel to the centerline of the road and uniformly lap each preceding track, as directed by the Engineer, until the entire surface has been rolled. Rolling shall be continued until no further compaction is being obtained. Sufficient rollers shall be available at all times to properly compact the mixture. To prevent adhesion of the mixture to the roller, the wheels shall be kept properly moistened with water, but an excess of water will not be permitted.

The surface of the mixture after compaction shall be smooth and true to the established crown and grade. Any mixture that becomes loose and broken, mixed with dirt, or is in any way defective shall be removed and replaced with satisfactory mixture, which shall be immediately compacted to conform with the satisfactory surrounding area.

Testing Surface. The finishing surface shall have the thickness specified and shall be free from waves or irregularities so that a straight edge not less than ten (10) feet long, when applied to the surface parallel to the centerline, shall nowhere show a divergence of more than one-fourth (1/4) inch.

20.

Portland Cement Concrete Curbs And Gutters.

Scope Of Work. This work shall include the construction of concrete curbs and gutters on a prepared subbase in accordance with the plans and specifications.

Materials. See concrete pavement, Subsection (A)(17) of this Section.

Proportions. See concrete pavement, Subsection (A)(17) of this Section.

Mixing Of Concrete. See concrete pavement, Subsection (A)(17) of this Section.

Subgrade. See concrete pavement, Subsection (A)(17) of this Section.

Forms. See concrete pavement, Subsection (A)(17) of this Section.

Placing Of Concrete. See concrete pavement, Subsection (A)(17) of this Section.

Joints. Joints shall be installed as indicated, at right angles to the grade and the length of the street unless shown otherwise on the plan.

Expansion Joints. Three-fourths-inch premolded bituminous filler shall be installed at one-hundred-foot intervals, and at all connections with existing concrete structures. Expansion joint material shall be cut to the full size of the curb and gutter cross-section. The top of the expansion joint shall be scraped free of mortar.

Contraction Joints. Contraction joints formed by metal spacer plates shall be installed at intervals of ten (10) feet. All exposed edges of the concrete at joints, back of curb, and inside of gutter, shall be finished with an edging tool of one-half-inch radius.

Finishing Concrete. The gutter shall be brought to the proper section by means of an approved strike off board. The gutter shall be formed with a properly shaped rule. The final finish shall be made with medium fiber brush drawn across curb and gutter at right angles to the length. The surface shall be cleaned with a straight edge not less than ten (10) feet in length. The gutter shall not vary more than one-fourth (1/4) inch from the straight edge lain parallel to the length. Any low spots shall be filled and any high spots removed. All disturbed places shall be refinished.

Curing. See concrete pavement, Subsection (A)(17) of this Section.

Cold Weather Requirement. See concrete pavement, Subsection (A)(17) of this Section.

21.

Aggregate Base Course.

Scope Of Work. This work shall include the construction of a minimum thickness of six (6) inches of aggregate base for asphalt pavement. When deemed necessary, a minimum thickness of four (4) inches of aggregate base shall be constructed for concrete pavement. Construction shall be in accordance with the lines and grades shown on the plans and specifications.

Materials. Materials for aggregate base shall conform with Section 1007 of the Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction. Type 2 aggregate base shall be used with all asphaltic pavements; and Type 3 aggregate for base shall be used with all concrete pavements.

Placement. Aggregate base shall be placed on a prepared subgrade meeting compaction requirements. Additional requirements shall be according to Section 304 of the Missouri Standard Specifications for Highway Construction.

22.

Geometrics And Design Standards. Design criteria such as length, width, curvature and stopping sight distance; as well as right of way and easement widths, shall be in accordance with Chapter 405 of this Code.