Based on evidence of the adverse secondary effects of adult uses
presented in hearings and in reports made available to the Board of
Trustees, and on findings, interpretations, and narrowing constructions
incorporated in the cases of City of Littleton v. Z.J. Gifts D-4,
L.L.C., 541 U.S. 774 (2004); City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books,
Inc., 535 U.S. 425 (2002); City of Erie v. Pap's A.M., 529 U.S.
277 (2000); City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., 475 U.S. 41
(1986); Young v. American Mini Theatres, 427 U.S. 50 (1976); Barnes
v. Glen Theatre, Inc., 501 U.S. 560 (1991); California v. LaRue, 409
U.S. 109 (1972); N.Y. State Liquor Authority v. Bellanca, 452 U.S.
714 (1981); Sewell v. Georgia, 435 U.S. 982 (1978); FW/PBS, Inc. v.
City of Dallas, 493 U.S. 215 (1990); City of Dallas v. Stanglin, 490
U.S. 19 (1989); and
Entm't Prods., Inc. v. Shelby County, 721 F.3d 729 (6th
Cir. 2013); Lund v. City of Fall River, 714 F.3d 65 (1st Cir. 2013);
Imaginary Images, Inc. v. Evans, 612F.3d 736 (4th Cir. 2010); LLEH,
Inc. v. Wichita County, 289 F.3d 358 (5th Cir. 2002); Ocello v. Koster,
354 S.W.3d 187 (Mo. 2011); 84 Video/Newsstand, Inc. v. Sartini, 2011
WL 3904097 (6th Cir. Sept. 7, 2011); Plaza Group Properties, LLC v.
Spencer County Plan Commission, 877 N.E.2d 877 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007);
Flanigan's Enters., Inc. v. Fulton County, 596 F.3d 1265 (11th
Cir. 2010); East Brooks Books, Inc. v. Shelby County, 588 F.3d 360
(6th Cir. 2009); Entm't Prods., Inc. v. Shelby County, 588 F.3d
372 (6th Cir. 2009); Sensations, Inc. v. City of Grand Rapids, 526
F.3d 291 (6th Cir. 2008); World Wide Video of Washington, Inc. v.
City of Spokane, 368 F.3d 1186 (9th Cir. 2004); Ben's Bar, Inc.
v. Village of Somerset, 316 F.3d 702 (7th Cir. 2003); Peek-a-Boo Lounge
v. Manatee County, 630 F.3d 1346 (11th Cir. 2011); Daytona Grand,
Inc. v. City of Daytona Beach, 490 F.3d 860 (11th Cir. 2007); Heideman
v. South Salt Lake City, 348 F.3d 1182 (10th Cir. 2003); Williams
v. Morgan, 478 F.3d 1316 (11th Cir. 2007); Jacksonville Property Rights
Ass'n, Inc. v. City of Jacksonville, 635 F.3d 1266 (11th Cir.
2011); H&A Land Corp. v. City of Kennedale, 480 F.3d 336 (5th
Cir. 2007); Hang On, Inc. v. City of Arlington, 65 F.3d 1248 (5th
Cir. 1995); Fantasy Ranch, Inc. v. City of Arlington, 459 F.3d 546
(5th Cir. 2006); Illinois One News, Inc. v. City of Marshall, 477
F.3d 461 (7th Cir. 2007); G.M. Enterprises, Inc. v. Town of St. Joseph,
350 F.3d 631 (7th Cir. 2003); Richland Bookmart, Inc. v. Knox County,
555 F.3d 512 (6th Cir. 2009); Bigg Wolf Discount Video Movie Sales,
Inc. v. Montgomery County, 256 F. Supp. 2d 385 (D. Md. 2003); Richland
Bookmart, Inc. v. Nichols, 137 F.3d 435 (6th Cir. 1998); Spokane Arcade,
Inc. v. City of Spokane, 75 F.3d 663 (9th Cir. 1996); DCR, Inc. v.
Pierce County, 964 P.2d 380 (Wash. Ct. App. 1998); City of New York
v. Hommes, 724 N.E.2d 368 (N.Y. 1999); Fantasyland Video, Inc. v.
County of San Diego, 505 F.3d 996 (9th Cir. 2007); Bronco's Entm't,
Ltd. v. Charter Twp. of Van Buren, 421 F.3d 440 (6th Cir. 2005); Charter
Twp. of Van Buren v. Garter Belt, Inc., 258 Mich. App. 594 (2003);
Jott, Inc. v. Clinton Twp., 224 Mich. App. 513 (1997); Michigan ex
rel. Wayne County Prosecutor v. Dizzy Duck, 449 Mich. 353 (1995);
Gora v. City of Ferndale, 456 Mich. 704 (1998); Rental Property Owners
Ass'n of Kent County v. City of Grand Rapids, 455 Mich. 246 (1996);
15192 Thirteen Mile Road, Inc. v. City of Warren, 626 F. Supp. 803
(E.D. Mich. 1985); City of Warren v. Executive Art Studio, Inc., No.
197353, 1998 WL 1993022 (Mich. App. Feb. 13, 1998); Tally v. City
of Detroit, 54 Mich. App. 328 (1974); Z.J. Gifts D-2, L.L.C. v. City
of Aurora, 136 F.3d 683 (10th Cir. 1998); ILQ Investments, Inc. v.
City of Rochester, 25 F.3d 1413 (8th Cir. 1994); Enlightened Reading,
Inc. v. Jackson County, 2009 WL 792492 (W.D. Mo. March 24, 2009);
MJJG Restaurant, LLC v. Horry County, 2014 WL 1314445 (D.S.C. Mar.
28, 2014); Cricket Store 17, LLC v. City of Columbia, — F.Supp.2d
—, 2014 WL 526339 (D.S.C. Feb. 10, 2014); Taylor v. State, No.
01-01-00505-CR, 2002 WL 1722154 (Tex. App. July 25, 2002); Gammoh
v. City of La Habra, 395 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 2005); Z.J. Gifts D-4,
L.L.C. v. City of Littleton, Civil Action No. 99-N-1696, Memorandum
Decision and Order (D. Colo. March 31, 2001); People ex rel. Deters
v. The Lion's Den, Inc., Case No. 04-CH-26, Modified Permanent
Injunction Order (III. Fourth Judicial Circuit, Effingham County,
July 13, 2005); Reliable Consultants, Inc. v. City of Kennedale, No.
4:05-CV-166-A, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law (N.D. Tex.
May 26, 2005); Warren Gifts, LLC v. City of Warren, No. 2:02-cv-70062,
R. 26 (E.D. Mich. June 21, 2002) (denying motion for preliminary injunction);
Patterson v. City of Grand Forks, Case No. 18-2012-CV-00742, Memorandum
Decision and Order (Grand Forks Cnty. Dist. Ct. Nov. 1, 2012); and
based upon reports concerning secondary effects occurring in and around
sexually oriented businesses, including, but not limited to, "Correlates
of Current Transactional Sex among a Sample of Female Exotic Dancers
in Baltimore, MD," Journal of Urban Health (2011); "Does the Presence
of Sexually Oriented Businesses Relate to Increased Levels of Crime?"
Crime & Delinquency (2012) (Louisville, KY); Metropolis, Illinois
— 2011-12; Manatee County, Florida — 2007; Hillsborough
County, Florida — 2006; Clarksville, Indiana — 2009; El
Paso, Texas — 2008; Memphis, Tennessee — 2006; New Albany,
Indiana — 2009; Louisville, Kentucky — 2004; Fulton County,
GA — 2001; Chattanooga, Tennessee — 1999-2003; Jackson
County, Missouri — 2008; Ft. Worth, Texas — 2004; Kennedale,
Texas — 2005; Greensboro, North Carolina — 2003; Dallas,
Texas — 1997; Houston, Texas — 1997, 1983; Phoenix, Arizona
— 1995-98, 1979; Tucson, Arizona — 1990; Spokane, Washington
— 2001; St. Cloud, Minnesota — 1994; Austin, Texas —
1986; Indianapolis, Indiana — 1984, 2009; Garden Grove, California
— 1991; Los Angeles, California — 1977; Whittier, California
— 1978; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma — 1986; New York, New
York Times Square — 1994; the Report of the Attorney General's
Working Group On The Regulation Of Sexually Oriented Businesses, (June
6, 1989, State of Minnesota); Dallas, Texas — 2007; "Rural Hotspots:
The Case of Adult Businesses," 19 Criminal Justice Policy Review 153
(2008); "Stripclubs According to Strippers: Exposing Workplace Sexual
Violence," by Kelly Holsopple, Program Director, Freedom and Justice
Center for Prostitution Resources, Minneapolis, Minnesota; "Sexually
Oriented Businesses: An Insider's View," by David Sherman, presented
to the Michigan House Committee on Ethics and Constitutional Law,
Jan. 12, 2000; Sex Store Statistics and Articles; and Law Enforcement
and Private Investigator Affidavits (Adult Cabarets in Forest Park,
GA and Sandy Springs, GA).