(1) 
The purpose of this title is to provide a system of traffic regulations consistent with State law and generally conforming to similar regulations throughout the State and the nation.
(2) 
Penalties for violations of this title may include fines, points, incarceration, useful public service and driver education, as determined by the Judge of the Municipal Court. Every person convicted of a violation of any provision stated or adopted in this title shall be punished pursuant to and not in excess of the penalties specified in GJMC § 10.04.1701.
(3) 
Section headings of this title shall not be deemed to govern, limit, modify or in any manner affect the scope, meaning or extent of the provisions of any section thereof.
(4) 
This chapter shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to conform to the State’s uniform system for the regulation of vehicles and traffic. As such, the City has followed and shall retain the section and numbering system as set up in Title 42, Article 4, C.R.S. Not all sections, paragraphs, subsections, or subparagraphs have been adopted and any changes or deletions are reflected in the language of the code.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
As used in this title, unless context otherwise requires:
Acceleration lane
means a speed-change lane, including tapered areas, for the purpose of enabling a vehicle entering a roadway to increase its speed to a rate at which it can more safely merge with through traffic.
Alley
means a street or highway intended to provide access to the rear or side of lots or buildings in urban areas and not intended for the purpose of through vehicular traffic.
Appurtenance
means a piece of equipment that is affixed or attached to a motor vehicle or trailer and is used for a specific purpose or task, including awnings, support hardware, and extractable equipment. Appurtenance does not include any item or equipment that is temporarily affixed or attached to the exterior of a motor vehicle for the purpose of transporting such vehicle.
Authorized emergency vehicle
means such vehicles of the Fire Department, police vehicles, ambulances, and other special-purpose vehicles as are publicly owned and operated by or for a governmental agency to protect and preserve life and property in accordance with State laws regulating emergency vehicles; said term also means the following if equipped and operated as emergency vehicles in the manner prescribed by State law:
(1) 
Privately owned vehicles as are designated by the State motor vehicle licensing agency necessary to the preservation of life and property; or
(2) 
Privately owned tow trucks approved by the public utilities commission to respond to vehicle emergencies.
Authorized service vehicle
means such highway or traffic maintenance vehicles as are publicly owned and operated on a highway by or for a governmental agency the function of which requires the use of service vehicle warning lights as prescribed by State law and such other vehicles having a public service function, including, but not limited to, public utility vehicles and tow trucks, as determined by the Department of Transportation under § 42-4-214(5), C.R.S. Some vehicles may be designated as both an authorized emergency vehicle and an authorized service vehicle.
Autocycle
means a three-wheeled motorcycle that does not use handlebars or any other device that is directly connected to a single front wheel to steer and in which the driver and each passenger ride in a fully or partly enclosed seating area that is equipped with safety belts for all occupants that constitute a safety belt system, as defined in GJMC § 10.04.237(1)(b). For purposes of this subsection, partly enclosed seating area means a seating area that is entirely or partly surrounded on the sides by the frame or body of a vehicle but is not fully enclosed.
Automobile
means any motor vehicle.
Bicycle
means a vehicle propelled by human power applied to pedals upon which a person may ride having two tandem wheels or two parallel wheels and one forward wheel, all of which are more than 14 inches in diameter.
Business district
means the territory contiguous to and including a highway when within any 600 feet along such highway there are buildings in use for business or industrial purposes, including but not limited to motels, banks, office buildings, railroad stations, and public buildings which occupy at least 300 feet of frontage on one side or 300 feet collectively on both sides of the highway.
Calendar year
means the 12 calendar months beginning January 1st and ending December 31st of any year.
Camper coach
means an item of mounted equipment, weighing more than 500 pounds, which when temporarily or permanently mounted on a motor vehicle adapts such vehicle for use as temporary living or sleeping accommodations.
Camper trailer
means a wheeled vehicle having an overall length of less than 26 feet, without motive power, which is designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle over the public highways and which is generally and commonly used for temporary living or sleeping accommodations.
Chauffeur
means every person who is employed for the principal purpose of operating a motor vehicle and every person who drives a motor vehicle while in use as a public or common carrier of persons or property.
Commercial carrier
means any owner of a motor vehicle, truck, laden or unladen truck tractor, trailer, or semitrailer used in the business of transporting persons or property over the public highways for profit, hire, or otherwise in any business or commercial enterprise.
Commercial vehicle
means a vehicle used to transport cargo or passengers for profit, hire, or otherwise to further the purposes of a business or commercial enterprise. This definition shall not apply for purposes of GJMC § 10.04.235 and 10.04.707(1).
Controlled intersection
means an intersection of a roadway that is controlled by either a stop sign or a traffic control signal.
Convicted or conviction
means:
(1) 
A plea of guilty or nolo contendere;
(2) 
A verdict of guilty;
(3) 
An adjudication of delinquency under Title 19, C.R.S.; and
(4) 
The payment of a penalty assessment under GJMC § 10.04.1701 if the summons states clearly the points to be assessed for the offense.
Court
means the Municipal Court, County Court, District Court, or any court having jurisdiction over offenses against traffic regulations and laws.
Crosswalk
means that portion of a roadway ordinarily included within the prolongation or connection of the lateral lines of sidewalks at intersections or any portion of a roadway distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other marking on the surface.
Deceleration lane
means a speed-change lane, including tapered areas, for the purpose of enabling a vehicle that is to make an exit to turn from a roadway to slow to the safe speed on the ramp ahead after it has left the mainstream of faster-moving traffic.
Department
means the Colorado Department of Revenue acting directly or through its duly authorized officers and agents.
Divided highway
means a highway with separated roadways usually for traffic moving in opposite directions, such separation being indicated by depressed dividing strips, raised curbings, traffic islands, or other physical barriers so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic or otherwise indicated by standard pavement markings or other official traffic control devices as prescribed in the City traffic control manual.
Drive-away transporter or tow-away transporter
means every person engaged in the transporting of vehicles which are sold or to be sold and not owned by such transporter, by the drive-away or tow-away methods, where such vehicles are driven, towed, or transported singly, or by saddlemount, towbar, or fullmount methods, or by any lawful combination thereof.
Driver
means every person, including a minor driver under the age of 21 years, who drives or is in actual physical control of a vehicle.
Electric personal assistive mobility device or EPAMD
means a self-balancing, nontandem two-wheeled device, designed to transport only one person, that is powered solely by an electric propulsion system producing an average power output of no more than 750 watts.
Electric scooter also referred to as an e-scooter
means:
(1) 
A device:
(a) 
Weighing less than 100 pounds;
(b) 
With handlebars and powered by an electric motor;
(c) 
That has a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour on a paved level surface when powered solely by the electric motor.
(2) 
Electric scooter does not include an electrical assisted bicycle, EPMAD, motorcycle or low-power scooter.
Electrical assisted bicycle
means a vehicle having two or three wheels, fully operable pedals, and an electric motor not exceeding 750 watts of power. Electrical assisted bicycles are further required to conform to one of three classes as follows:
(1) 
Class 1 electrical assisted bicycle
means an electrical assisted bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches a speed of 20 miles per hour.
(2) 
Class 2 electrical assisted bicycle
means an electrical assisted bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance regardless of whether the rider is pedaling but ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches a speed of 20 miles per hour.
(3) 
Class 3 electrical assisted bicycle
means an electrical assisted bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches a speed of 28 miles per hour.
Empty weight
means the weight of any motor vehicle or trailer or any combination thereof, including the operating body and accessories, as determined by weighing on a scale approved by the Department.
Engine retarding brake
means any engine retarding brake system, transmission brake, or any other retarding brake system that alters normal compression, including but not limited to dynamic brake, Jake brake, Jacobs brake, C-brake, PACCAR brake, or any other make or model of engine braking system, or other braking system(s) that is (are) activated or operated to alter the normal compression of the engine and subsequently release that compression.
Essential parts
means all integral parts and body parts, the removal, alteration, or substitution of which will tend to conceal the identity or substantially alter the appearance of the vehicle.
Explosives and hazardous materials
means any substance so defined by the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Chapter 1, Parts 173.50 through 173.389.
Farm tractor
means every implement of husbandry designed and used primarily as a farm implement for drawing plows and mowing machines and other implements of husbandry.
Flammable liquid
means any liquid which has a flash point of 70 degrees Fahrenheit or less, as determined by a Tagliabue or equivalent closed-cup test device.
Foreign vehicle
means every motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer which is brought into Colorado otherwise than in the ordinary course of business by or through a manufacturer or dealer and which has not been registered in Colorado.
Fullmount
means a vehicle which is mounted completely on the frame of the first vehicle or last vehicle in a saddlemount combination.
Garage
means any public building or place of business for the storage or repair of automobiles.
Golf car
means a self-propelled vehicle not designed primarily for operation on roadways and that has:
(1) 
A design speed of less than 20 miles per hour;
(2) 
At least three wheels in contact with the ground;
(3) 
An empty weight of not more than 1,300 pounds; and
(4) 
A carrying capacity of not more than four persons.
Highway
means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way publicly maintained when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel or the entire width of every way declared to be a public highway by any law of the City or State.
Holiday
where used in this title and on official signs shall in addition to Sundays mean New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, General Presidential Election Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Human operator
means a natural person in the vehicle with immediate access to controls for steering, braking, and acceleration.
Immediate family
means a person who is related by blood, marriage, or adoption.
Implement of husbandry.
(1) 
On and after July 1, 2000, implement of husbandry means every vehicle that is designed, adapted, or used for agricultural purposes. It also includes equipment used solely for the application of liquid, gaseous, and dry fertilizers. Transportation of fertilizer, in or on the equipment used for its application, shall be deemed a part of application if it is incidental to such application. It also includes hay balers, hay stacking equipment, combines, tillage and harvesting equipment, agricultural commodity handling equipment, and other heavy movable farm equipment primarily used on farms or in a livestock production facility and not on the highways. Trailers specially designed to move such equipment on highways shall, for the purposes of this title, be considered as component parts of such implements of husbandry.
(2) 
Effective July 1, 2013, for purposes of this section, implements of husbandry includes personal property valued by the County Assessor as silvicultural.
Intersection
means the area embraced within the prolongation of the lateral curb lines or, if none, then the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways which join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling upon different highways joining at any other angle may come in conflict. Where a highway includes two roadways 30 feet or more apart, every crossing of each roadway of such divided highway by an intersecting highway shall be regarded as a separate intersection. In the event such intersecting highway also includes two roadways 30 feet or more apart, every crossing of two roadways of such highways shall be regarded as a separate intersection. The junction of an alley with a street or highway does not constitute an intersection.
Lane
means the portion of a roadway for the movement of a single line of vehicles.
Laned highway
means a highway the roadway of which is divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic.
Local authorities
means every county, municipal, and other local board or body having authority to adopt local police regulations under the constitution and laws of this State.
Low-power scooter
means:
(1) 
A self-propelled vehicle designed primarily for use on the roadways with not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, no manual clutch, and either of the following:
(a) 
A cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cubic centimeters if powered by internal combustion; or
(b) 
A wattage not exceeding 4,476 if powered by electricity.
(2) 
Low-power scooter does not include a toy vehicle, bicycle, electrical assisted bicycle, electric scooter, wheelchair, or any device designed to assist people with mobility impairments who use pedestrian rights-of-way.
Low-speed conveyance
means:
(1) 
A vehicle that is not a motor vehicle;
(2) 
A low-power scooter;
(3) 
A low-speed electric vehicle;
(4) 
A toy vehicle that is exclusively human-powered; or
(5) 
An electric personal mobility device or EPAMD, or a device that would be an electric personal assistance mobility device or EPAMD but for the fact that it has fewer or more than two wheels or has tandem wheels.
Low-speed electric vehicle
means a vehicle that:
(1) 
Is self-propelled utilizing electricity as its primary propulsion method;
(2) 
Has at least three wheels in contact with the ground;
(3) 
Does not use handlebars to steer; and
(4) 
Exhibits the manufacturer’s compliance with 49 CFR 565 or displays a 17-character vehicle identification number as provided in 49 CFR 565.
Markings
means all lines, patterns, words, colors, or other devices, except signs, set into the surface of, applied upon, or attached to the pavement or curbing or to objects within or adjacent to the roadway, conforming to the State traffic control manual and officially placed for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic.
Metal tires
means all tires the surface of which in contact with the highway is wholly or partly of metal or other hard, nonresilient material.
Motor home
means a vehicle designed to provide temporary living quarters and which is built into, as an integral part of or a permanent attachment to, a motor vehicle chassis or van.
Motor vehicle
means any self-propelled vehicle that is designed primarily for travel on the public highways and that is generally and commonly used to transport persons and property over the public highways or a low-speed electric vehicle; except that the term does not include electrical assisted bicycles, electric scooters, low-power scooters, wheelchairs, or vehicles moved solely by human power. For the purposes of the offenses described in GJMC § 10.04.1401 for farm tractors and off-highway vehicles, as defined in § 33-14.5-101(3), C.R.S., operated on streets and highways, motor vehicle includes a farm tractor or an off-highway vehicle that is not otherwise classified as a motor vehicle.
Motorcycle
means an autocycle or a motor vehicle that uses handlebars or any other device connected to the front wheel to steer and that is designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground; except that the term does not include a farm tractor, low-speed electric vehicle, or low-power scooter.
Motorscooter, motorbicycle, motorized bicycle.
(1) 
Motorscooter and motorbicycle mean every motor vehicle designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, except any such vehicle as may be included within the term farm tractor as defined in this section and any motorized bicycle as defined in subsection (2) of this definition, which motor vehicle is powered by an engine of not to exceed six-brake horsepower.
(2) 
Motorized bicycle means a vehicle having two or three wheels, a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 C.C. and an automatic transmission which produces a maximum design speed of not more than 30 miles per hour on a flat surface.
Mounted equipment
means any item weighing more than 500 pounds that is permanently mounted on a vehicle, including mounting by means such as welding or bolting the equipment to a vehicle.
Multipurpose trailer
means a wheeled vehicle, without motive power, that is designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle over the public highways. A multipurpose trailer is generally and commonly used for temporary living or sleeping accommodation and transporting property wholly upon its own structure and is registered as a vehicle.
Noncommercial or recreational vehicle
means a truck, or unladen truck tractor, operated singly or in combination with a trailer or utility trailer or a motor home, which truck, or unladen truck tractor, or motor home is used exclusively for personal pleasure, enjoyment, other recreational purposes, or personal or family transportation of the owner, lessee, or occupant and is not used to transport cargo or passengers for profit, hire, or otherwise to further the purposes of a business or commercial enterprise.
Nonresident
means every person who is not a resident of Colorado.
Off-highway vehicle
shall have the same meaning as set forth in §  33-14.5-101(3), C.R.S.
Official traffic control devices
means all signs, signals, markings, and devices, not inconsistent with this title, placed or displayed by authority of a public body or official having jurisdiction, for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic.
Official traffic control signal
means any device, whether manually, electrically, or mechanically operated, by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and to proceed.
Owner
means a person who holds the legal title of a vehicle; or if a vehicle is the subject of an agreement for the conditional sale or lease thereof with the right of purchase upon performance of the conditions stated in the agreement and with an immediate right of possession vested in the conditional vendee or lessee or if a mortgagor of a vehicle is entitled to possession, then such conditional vendee or lessee or mortgagor shall be deemed the owner for the purpose of this title. The term also includes parties otherwise having lawful use or control or the right to use or control a vehicle for a period of 30 days or more.
Park or parking
means the standing of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, other than very briefly for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading property or passengers.
Pedestrian
means any person afoot or any person using a wheelchair.
Person
means a natural person, estate, trust, firm, copartnership, association, corporation, or business entity.
Plug-in electric motor vehicle
means:
(1) 
A motor vehicle that has received an acknowledgment of certification from the Federal Internal Revenue Service that the vehicle qualifies for the plug-in electric drive vehicle credit set forth in 26 U.S.C. Section 30D, as amended, or any successor statute; or
(2) 
Any motor vehicle that can be recharged from an external source of electricity and that uses electricity stored in a rechargeable battery pack to propel or contribute to the propulsion of the vehicle’s drive wheels.
Pneumatic tires
means all tires inflated with compressed air.
Pole, pipe trailer, or dolly
means every vehicle of the trailer type having one or more axles not more than 48 inches apart and two or more wheels used in connection with a motor vehicle solely for the purpose of transporting poles or pipes and connected with the towing vehicle both by chain, rope, or cable and by the load without any part of the weight of said dolly resting upon the towing vehicle.
Police officer
means every officer authorized to direct or regulate traffic or to make arrests for violations of traffic regulations.
Private road or driveway
means every road or driveway not open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel.
Railroad sign or signal
means any sign, signal, or device erected by authority of a public body or official or by a railroad and intended to give notice of the presence of railroad tracks or the approach of a railroad train.
Reconstructed vehicle
means any vehicle which has been assembled or constructed largely by means of essential parts, new or used, derived from other vehicles or makes of vehicles of various names, models, and types or which, if originally otherwise constructed, has been materially altered by the removal of essential parts or by the addition or substitution of essential parts, new or used, derived from other vehicles or makes of vehicles.
Residence district
means the territory contiguous to and including a highway not comprising a business district when the frontage on such highway for a distance of 300 feet or more is mainly occupied by dwellings or by dwellings and buildings in use for business.
Resident
means any person who owns or operates any business in Colorado or any person who has resided within Colorado continuously for a period of 90 days or has obtained gainful employment within Colorado, whichever shall occur first.
Right-of-way
means the right of one vehicle operator or pedestrian to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to another vehicle operator or pedestrian approaching under such circumstances of direction, speed, and proximity as to give rise to danger of collision unless one grants precedence to the other.
Road
means any highway.
Road tractor
means every motor vehicle designed and used for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry any load thereon independently or any part of the weight of a vehicle or load so drawn.
Roadway
means that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the sidewalk, berm, or shoulder even though such sidewalk, berm, or shoulder is used by persons riding bicycles or other human-powered vehicles and exclusive of that portion of a highway designated for exclusive use as a bicycle path or reserved for the exclusive use of bicycles, human-powered vehicles, or pedestrians. In the event that a highway includes two or more separate roadways, roadway refers to any such roadway separately but not to all such roadways collectively.
Saddlemount combination
means a combination of vehicles in which a truck or laden or unladen truck tractor tows one or more additional trucks or laden or unladen truck tractors and in which each such towed truck or laden or unladen truck tractor is connected by a saddle to the frame or fifth wheel of the vehicle immediately in front of such truck or laden or unladen truck tractor. For the purposes of this definition, saddle means a mechanism which connects the front axle of a towed vehicle to the frame or fifth wheel of a vehicle immediately in front of such towed vehicle and which functions like a fifth wheel kingpin connection. A saddlemount combination may include one fullmount.
Safety zone
means the area or space officially set aside within a highway for the exclusive use of pedestrians and which is so plainly marked or indicated by proper signs as to be plainly visible at all times while set apart as a safety zone.
School bus
means a motor vehicle that is designed and used specifically for the transportation of schoolchildren to or from a public or private school or a school-related activity, whether the activity occurs within or without the territorial limits of any district and whether or not the activity occurs during school hours. School bus does not include informal or intermittent arrangements, such as sharing of actual gasoline expense or participation in a carpool, for the transportation of schoolchildren to or from a public or private school or a school-related activity.
School vehicle
means:
(1) 
A motor vehicle, including but not limited to a school bus, that is owned by or under contract to a public or private school and operated for the transportation of schoolchildren to or from school or a school-related activity.
(2) 
School vehicle does not include:
(a) 
Informal or intermittent arrangements, such as sharing of actual gasoline expense or participation in a carpool, for the transportation of schoolchildren to or from a public or private school or a school-related activity; or
(b) 
A motor vehicle that is owned by or under contract to a child care center, as defined in §  26-6-102(5), C.R.S., and that is used for the transportation of children who are served by the child care center.
Semitrailer
means any wheeled vehicle, without motor power, designed to be used in conjunction with a laden or unladen truck tractor so that some part of its own weight and that of its cargo load rests upon or is carried by such laden or unladen truck tractor and that is generally and commonly used to carry and transport property over the public highways.
Sidewalk
means that portion of a street between the curb lines or the lateral lines of a roadway and the adjacent property lines intended for the use of pedestrians.
Snowplow
means any vehicle originally designed for highway snow and ice removal or control or subsequently adapted for such purposes which is operated by or for the State of Colorado or any political subdivision thereof.
Solid rubber tires
means every tire made of rubber other than a pneumatic tire.
Special mobile machinery
means:
(1) 
Machinery that is pulled, hauled, or driven over a highway and is either:
(a) 
A vehicle or equipment that is not designed primarily for the transportation of persons or cargo over the public highways; or
(b) 
A motor vehicle that may have been originally designed for the transportation of persons or cargo over the public highways, and has been redesigned or modified by the addition of mounted equipment or machinery, and is only incidentally operated or moved over the public highways.
(2) 
Special mobile machinery includes vehicles commonly used in the construction, maintenance, and repair of roadways, the drilling of wells, and the digging of ditches.
Specially constructed vehicle
means any vehicle which has not been originally constructed under a distinctive name, make, model, or type by a generally recognized manufacturer of vehicles.
Stand or standing
means the halting of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, other than momentarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in receiving or discharging passengers.
State motor vehicle licensing agency
means the Department of Revenue.
Steam and electric trains
includes:
(1) 
Railroad, which means a carrier of persons or property upon cars, other than street cars, operated upon stationary rails;
(2) 
Railroad train, which means a steam engine, electric, or other motor, with or without cars coupled thereto, operated upon rails, except streetcars; and
(3) 
Streetcar, which means a car other than a railroad train for transporting persons or property upon rails principally within a municipality.
Stinger-steered
means a semitrailer combination configuration wherein the fifth wheel is located on a drop frame located behind and below the rearmost axle of the power unit.
Stop or stopping
means, when prohibited, any halting, even momentarily, of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a police officer or official traffic control device.
Stop line or limit line
means a line which indicates where drivers shall stop when directed by an official traffic control device or a police officer.
Through highway
means every highway or portion thereof on which vehicular traffic is given preferential right-of-way and at the entrances to which other vehicular traffic from intersecting highways is required by law to yield the right-of-way to vehicles on such through highway in obedience to a stop sign, yield sign, or other official traffic control device when such signs or devices are erected as provided by law.
Toy vehicle
means:
(1) 
Any vehicle that has wheels and is not designed for use on public highways or for off-road use.
(2) 
Toy vehicle includes, but is not limited to, gas-powered or electric-powered vehicles commonly known as mini bikes, “pocket” bikes, kamikaze boards, go-peds, and stand-up scooters.
(3) 
Toy vehicle does not include electric scooters, off-highway vehicles or snowmobiles.
Traffic
means pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, and vehicles, streetcars, and other conveyances either singly or together while using any highway for the purposes of travel.
Traffic control manual
means the most recent edition of the “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways,” including any supplement thereto, as adopted by the City.
Trailer
means any wheeled vehicle, without motive power, which is designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle and to carry its cargo load wholly upon its own structure and that is generally and commonly used to carry and transport property over the public highways. The term includes, but is not limited to, multipurpose trailers as defined in this section.
Trailer coach
means:
(1) 
A wheeled vehicle having an overall length, excluding towing gear and bumpers, of not less than 26 feet, without motive power, that is designed and generally and commonly used for occupancy by persons for residential purposes, in temporary locations, and that may occasionally be drawn over the public highways by a motor vehicle and is licensed as a vehicle.
(2) 
Manufactured home means any preconstructed building unit or combination of preconstructed building units, without motive power, where such unit or units are manufactured in a factory or at a location other than the residential site of the completed home, which is designed and commonly used for occupancy by persons for residential purposes, in either temporary or permanent locations, and which unit or units are not licensed as a vehicle.
Transporter
means every person engaged in the business of delivering vehicles of a type required to be registered under Title 42, Articles 1 to 4, C.R.S., from a manufacturing, assembling, or distributing plant to dealers or sales agents of a manufacturer.
Truck
means any motor vehicle equipped with a body designed to carry property and which is generally and commonly used to carry and transport property over the public highways.
Truck tractor – laden or laden truck tractor
means any motor vehicle carrying cargo that is generally and commonly designed and used to draw, and is drawing, a semitrailer or trailer and its cargo load over the public highways.
Truck tractor – unladen or unladen truck tractor
means any motor vehicle not carrying cargo that is generally used to draw a semitrailer or trailer and its cargo load over the public highways.
Used vehicle
means every motor vehicle which has been sold, bargained for, exchanged, or given away, or has had the title transferred from the person who first acquired it from the manufacturer or importer, and has been so used as to have become what is commonly known as “secondhand” within the ordinary meaning thereof.
Utility trailer
means any wheeled vehicle weighing 2,000 pounds or less, without motive power, which is designed to be drawn by a motor vehicle and which is generally and commonly used to carry and transport personal effects, articles of household furniture, loads of trash and rubbish, or not to exceed two horses over the public highways.
Vehicle
means a device that is capable of moving itself, or of being moved, from place to place upon wheels or endless tracks. Vehicle includes, without limitation, a bicycle, electrical assisted bicycle, electric scooter, or EPAMD, but does not include a wheelchair, off-highway vehicle, snowmobile, farm tractor, or implement of husbandry designed primarily or exclusively for use and used in agricultural operations or any device moved exclusively over stationary rails or tracks or designed to move primarily through the air.
Wheelchair
means a motorized or nonmotorized wheeled device designed for use by a person with a physical disability.
(Ord. 5084, 7-20-22; Ord. 5076, 6-1-22; Ord. 5075, 6-1-22; Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
(1) 
This title constitutes the traffic code of the City and may be referred to as such. The provisions of the traffic code shall be applicable and uniform throughout the City.
(2) 
Except as otherwise provided, the provisions of this title shall apply to every street, alley, sidewalk area, driveway, park, planting strip and to every other public way or public parking area, either within or outside the corporate limits of this municipality, the use of which this municipality has jurisdiction to regulate. The provisions of GJMC § 10.04.606, 10.04.1401, 10.04.1402, 10.04.1413, and 10.04.1416 respectively concerning unauthorized devices, reckless driving, careless driving, eluding officer, and unsafe backing shall apply not only to public places and ways but also throughout this municipality.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
No person shall willfully fail or refuse to comply with any lawful order or direction of any police officer invested by law with authority to direct, control, or regulate traffic. Any person who violates any provision of this section commits a misdemeanor.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
(1) 
The provisions of this title applicable to the drivers of vehicles upon the highways shall apply to the drivers of all vehicles owned or operated by the United States, this State, or any county, city, town, district, or other political subdivision of the State, subject to such specific exceptions as are set forth in this chapter with reference to authorized emergency vehicles.
(2) 
The driver of an authorized emergency vehicle, when responding to an emergency call, or when in pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, or when responding to but not upon returning from a fire alarm, may exercise the privileges set forth in this section, but subject to the conditions stated in this chapter. The driver of an authorized emergency vehicle may:
(a) 
Park or stand, irrespective of the provisions of this title;
(b) 
Proceed past a red or stop signal or stop sign, but only after slowing down as may be necessary for safe operation;
(c) 
Exceed the lawful speeds set forth in GJMC § 10.04.1101(2) or exceed the maximum lawful speed limits set forth in GJMC § 10.04.1101(8) so long as said driver does not endanger life or property;
(d) 
Disregard regulations governing directions of movement or turning in specified directions.
(3) 
The exemptions and conditions provided in subsections (2)(a) to (d) of this section, in their entirety, for an authorized emergency vehicle shall continue to apply to §  24-10-106(1)(a), C.R.S., only when such vehicle is making use of audible or visual signals meeting the requirements of GJMC § 10.04.213, and the exemption granted in of subsection (2)(a) of this section shall apply only when such vehicle is making use of visual signals meeting the requirements of GJMC § 10.04.213 unless using such visual signals would cause an obstruction to the normal flow of traffic; except that an authorized emergency vehicle being operated as a police vehicle while in actual pursuit of a suspected violator of any provision of this code need not display or make use of audible or visual signals so long as such pursuit is being made to obtain verification of or evidence of the guilt of the suspected violator. Nothing in this section shall be construed to require an emergency vehicle to make use of audible signals when such vehicle is not moving, whether or not the vehicle is occupied.
(4) 
The provisions of this section shall not relieve the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons, nor shall such provisions protect the driver from the consequences of such driver’s reckless disregard for the safety of others.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
(1) 
A person riding a low-power scooter upon a roadway where low-power scooter travel is permitted shall be granted all of the rights and shall be subject to all of the duties and penalties applicable to the driver of a vehicle as set forth in this chapter except those provisions of chapter that, by their very nature, can have no application.
(2) 
A person riding a low-power scooter shall not ride other than upon or astride a permanent and regular seat attached thereto.
(3) 
No low-power scooter shall be used to carry more persons at one time than the number for which it is designed and equipped.
(4) 
No person riding upon any low-power scooter, coaster, roller skates, sled, or toy vehicle shall attach the same or himself or herself to any vehicle upon a roadway.
(5) 
A person operating a low-power scooter upon a roadway shall ride as close to the right side of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction.
(6) 
Persons riding low-power scooters upon a roadway shall not ride more than two abreast.
(6.5) 
A person under the age of 18 years may not operate or carry a passenger who is under 18 years of age on a low-power scooter unless the person and the passenger are wearing protective helmets in accordance with the provisions of GJMC § 10.04.1502(4.5).
(7) 
Reserved.
(8) 
Persons riding or leading animals on or along any highway shall ride or lead such animals on the left side of said highway, facing approaching traffic. This shall not apply to persons driving herds of animals along highways.
(9) 
No person shall use the highways for traveling on skis, toboggans, coasting sleds, skates, or similar devices. It is unlawful for any person to use any roadway of this City as a sled or ski course for the purpose of coasting on sleds, skis, or similar devices. It is also unlawful for any person upon roller skates or riding in or by means of any coaster, toy vehicle, or similar device to go upon any roadway except while crossing a highway in a crosswalk, and when so crossing such person shall be granted all of the rights and shall be subject to all of the duties applicable to pedestrians.
(10) 
Every person riding or leading an animal or driving any animal-drawn conveyance upon a roadway shall be granted all of the rights and shall be subject to all of the duties applicable to the driver of a vehicle by this chapter, except those provisions of this chapter which by their very nature can have no application.
(11) 
Reserved.
(12) 
The parent of any child or guardian of any ward shall not authorize or knowingly permit any child or ward to violate any provision of this section.
(13) 
Any person who violates a provision of this section commits a traffic infraction.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
(1) 
(a) 
A low-speed electric vehicle may be operated only on a roadway that has a speed limit equal to or less than 35 miles per hour; except that it may be operated to directly cross a roadway that has a speed limit greater than 35 miles per hour at an at-grade crossing to continue traveling along a roadway with a speed limit equal to or less than 35 miles per hour.
(b) 
Notwithstanding subsection (1)(a) of this section, a low-speed electric vehicle may be operated on a State highway that has a speed limit equal to 40 miles per hour or cross a roadway with a speed limit equal to 40 miles per hour to cross at-grade, if:
(I) 
Such roadway’s lane width is 11 feet or greater;
(II) 
Such roadway provides two or more lanes in either direction; and
(III) 
The State determines, in consultation with the City and law enforcement, upon the basis of a traffic investigation, survey, appropriate design standards, or projected volumes, that the operation of a low-speed electric vehicle on the roadway poses no substantial safety risk or hazard to motorists, bicyclists, pedestrians, or other persons.
(2) 
No person shall operate a low-speed electric vehicle on a limited-access highway.
(3) 
Any person who violates subsection (1) or (2) of this section commits a traffic infraction.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
(1) 
A class B low-speed electric vehicle may be operated only on a roadway that has a speed limit equal to or less than 45 miles per hour; except that it may be operated to directly cross a roadway that has a speed limit greater than 45 miles per hour at an at-grade crossing to continue traveling along a roadway with a speed limit equal to or less than 45 miles per hour.
(2) 
No person shall operate a class B low-speed electric vehicle on a limited-access highway.
(3) 
Any person who violates subsection (1) or (2) of this section commits a traffic infraction.
(4) 
For the purposes of this section, class B low-speed electric vehicle means a low-speed electric vehicle that is capable of traveling at greater than 25 miles per hour but less than 45 miles per hour.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
(1) 
Definition.
For the purposes of this section, UTV means any recreational vehicle designed for and capable of travel over unimproved terrain, traveling on four or more tires, having a width of 70 inches or less and having side-by-side seating with a steering wheel for operation. A UTV does not include an all-terrain vehicle, a motorcycle or a snowmobile. An ATV means a recreational vehicle 52 inches or less in width traveling on three or more low pressure tires with a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and designed for or capable of travel over unimproved terrain.
(2) 
Boundary.
A UTV may be driven on Horizon Drive East of 1-70, H Road to 271/4 Road and 271/4 Road North of H Road, which are the Allowed Streets; UTVs are not permitted on Horizon Drive East of 1-70 and Crossroads Boulevard to 271/4 Road. No UTV may be operated on any other street, road, alley, path or trail, including, but not limited to, the Riverfront Trail, within the City limits of Grand Junction, including any State or federal highways.
(3) 
Rules and Restrictions.
(a) 
No person shall operate a UTV in the City of Grand Junction except on Allowed Streets and then only if:
(i) 
The UTV is equipped at a minimum with one or more DOT approved headlamps; and one or more tail lamps; and no less than one rear view mirror; and a horn or an audible warning device emitting no less than 55 dB; and a steering wheel; and a foot-controlled accelerator; and a foot brake/braking system; electric turn signals with one on each side of the vehicle front and rear; and a windshield unless the operator and front seat passenger wear eye protection while operating the vehicle; and an illuminated speedometer and seats and seatbelts for each occupant. All required equipment must be intact and fully operational if/when the UTV is operated on Allowed Streets; and
(ii) 
Not operated during the time from 1/2 hour before sunrise to 1/2 hour after sunset; and
(iii) 
In a direct route from the business to public lands open to the public and legally accessible from the Allowed Streets; and
(iv) 
Such person possesses, on the person of the operator, a valid adult driver's license; and
(v) 
In a way and/or at a speed which exceeds or impedes the normal flow of traffic; the operator has the affirmative duty to observe all traffic laws; and
(vi) 
The operator is not under the influence of, or impaired by, alcohol and/or any drug(s). The definition of, and proof of, intoxication or impairment shall be as set forth in § 42-4-1301, et seq., C.R.S. The operator of a UTV that is arrested for operating a UTV while under the influence of or impaired by alcohol and/or drug(s) shall submit to chemical testing as set forth in Title 42 of the Colorado Revised Statutes. Failure to submit to a test as required shall result in the immediate revocation of the operators' driver's license; and
(vii) 
The UTV has a current annual inspection and permit from the Grand Junction Police Department, which permit shall be attached to the UTV at all times that the UTV is being operated upon Allowed Streets as designated by the City; and
(viii) 
Such person has, on his/her person, proof of motor vehicle insurance, that is current and provides liability coverage for injury to persons and property; and
(ix) 
Any violation of the foregoing (subsection (3)(a)(i) through (viii)) may be cause for the City Council to repeal this Section and rescind the approval afforded the business to sanction operation of UTVs on Allowed Streets.
(b) 
The operator of a UTV on Allowed Streets shall comply with all applicable provisions of the Traffic Code adopted by the City and the State of Colorado. In the event of conflict, the more restrictive law, rule or regulation shall control.
(c) 
Nothing in this Section authorizes the operation of a UTV on rights-of-way under the jurisdiction of Mesa County, it is the duty of each operator of a UTV to ascertain whether a right-of-way is within the City limits.
(4) 
Permit Required.
The Police Chief or his designee, after having determined that the UTV and the business are in compliance with requirements of this Section, will issue an annual permit for each compliant UTV. Such permits will be valid from the date of issuance unless revoked for just cause. Fees for the permit will be $50 per UTV per year. The City Council may alter such fees by resolution.
(5) 
Inspection.
Police officers are authorized to stop a UTV which is being operated on an Allowed Street in the City without probable cause or other reason, at any time, to verify that the operator has a valid permit and to inspect for required safety equipment. The business shall notify its customers that UTVs are subject to random inspection and that the customers may not assert claims to the contrary.
(6) 
Insurance.
The City Council shall, by resolution, establish the minimum requirements of required insurance.
(7) 
Penalties.
Any person who violates any provision of this Section is guilty of a misdemeanor which is punishable by a fine of up to and including $500.
(8) 
Severability.
It is the intention of the City Council that the provisions of this Section are not severable. If any provision of this Section is declared unconstitutional or invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction such unconstitutionality or invalidity shall invalidate all of the provisions of this Section.
(Ord. No. 5231, 9/18/2024)
(1) 
Definition.
For the purposes of this section, golf cart means a four-wheel, pneumatic tired vehicle powered by a gasoline or battery driven motor that is designed for use as a transport device on a golf course, or as a means of transportation for Colorado Mesa University (formerly Mesa State College) authorized personnel, within Colorado Mesa University (formerly Mesa State College) boundaries, as defined subsection (2)(b) of this section.
(2) 
A golf cart may be driven upon streets under the jurisdiction of the City, excluding country roads, State or federal highways, in the following designated areas:
(a) 
The area bounded on the west by 26 Road, on the east by 28 Road, on the south by Patterson Road, and on the north by H Road. Golf carts may be driven on 26 Road, 28 Road, and H Road, but are not permitted on Patterson Road or Horizon Drive (however, crossing Horizon Drive at an intersection is permitted); and
(b) 
The area beginning at the intersection of Shadow Lake Road and Mariposa Road (but excluding Mariposa Road) along Ridges Boulevard to the west, continuing along West Ridges Boulevards and inclusive of all streets within the Redlands Mesa Planned Development; and
(c) 
The area bounded on the west by Cannell Avenue, on the east by 13th Street, on the south by North Avenue and on the north by Orchard Avenue. (However, driving on North Avenue is not allowed.)
(3) 
(a) 
No person shall operate a golf cart on any public street in the City:
(I) 
Unless within the boundaries set forth in subsection (2) of this section;
(II) 
Unless the golf cart is equipped at a minimum with:
(A) 
A State approved slow triangle mounted on the rear of the cart;
(B) 
A rearview mirror;
(C) 
An audible warning device;
(D) 
Turn signals;
(E) 
Both headlights and tail lights;
(F) 
A steering wheel;
(G) 
A foot-controlled accelerator; and
(H) 
A foot brake;
(III) 
Except during the time from one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset; however, in the designated area around Colorado Mesa University (formerly Mesa State College), authorized CMU personnel may operate golf carts on a 24-hour basis.
(IV) 
Unless in a direct route from the operator’s residence to a golf course, or from a golf course to the operator’s residence; unless the golf cart operator is an authorized CMU facilities employee driving within the designated boundaries specified in subsection (2)(c) of this section.
(V) 
Unless such person possesses, on the person of the operator, a valid State of Colorado driver’s license.
(VI) 
In a way or at a speed which impedes the normal flow of traffic; the operator has the affirmative duty to observe traffic behind and around him. If the golf cart is traveling at a speed which is more than five miles per hour below the applicable speed limit, the operator of a golf cart shall pull over to the right side of the road at the first safe opportunity and allow vehicles to pass the golf cart.
(VII) 
While under the influence of, or impaired by, alcohol; nor shall any person operate a golf cart while under the influence of any drug. The definition of, and proof of, intoxication or impairment shall be as set forth in §  42-4-1202, C.R.S. The operator of a golf cart who is arrested for operating a golf cart while under the influence of or impaired by alcohol or drugs shall submit to chemical testing as set forth in Title 42, C.R.S. Failure to submit to a test as required shall result in the immediate revocation of the permit issued to an operator.
(VIII) 
Without first obtaining a permit from the City Police Department, which permit shall be attached to the golf cart at all times that such cart is being operated upon a City right-of-way.
(IX) 
Unless such person has, on his person, proof of recreational vehicle or similar insurance that is current and provides coverage for injury to persons and property.
(b) 
The operator of a golf cart on public streets shall comply with the provisions of this title.
(c) 
Nothing in this section authorizes the operation of a golf cart on rights-of-way under the jurisdiction of the County. It is the duty of each operator of a golf cart to ascertain whether a right-of-way is within the City limits.
(d) 
The Police Chief, after having determined that the golf cart and the operator are in compliance with requirements of this section, shall issue a permit. Such permits shall be valid for three years from the date of issuance unless revoked for just cause. Fees for the permit shall be as established by resolution of the City Council. The City Council may alter such fees by resolution.
(e) 
Police officers are authorized to stop a golf cart which is being operated on a City right-of-way, without probable cause or other reason, at any time, to verify that the operator has a valid permit and to inspect for required safety equipment.
(f) 
The City Council shall, by resolution, establish the minimum requirements of required insurance for operation of golf carts on City rights-of-way.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
Subject to the exception provided in GJMC § 10.04.103(2), nothing in this title shall be construed to prevent the owner of real property used by the public for purposes of vehicular travel by permission of the owner and not as matter of right from prohibiting such use, or from requiring other or different or additional conditions than those specified in this title, or from otherwise regulating such use as may seem best to such owner.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
(1) 
(a) 
Except as provided in subsection (1)(c) of this section, a minor driver shall not operate a motor vehicle containing a passenger who is under 21 years of age and who is not a member of the driver’s immediate family until such driver has held a valid driver’s license for at least six months.
(b) 
Except as provided in subsection (1)(c) of this section, a minor driver shall not operate a motor vehicle containing more than one passenger who is under 21 years of age and who is not a member of the driver’s immediate family until such driver has held a valid driver’s license for at least one year.
(c) 
Subsections (1)(a) and (b) of this section shall not apply if:
(I) 
The motor vehicle contains the minor’s parent or legal guardian or other responsible adult described in §  42-2-108, C.R.S.;
(II) 
The motor vehicle contains an adult 21 years of age or older who currently holds a valid driver’s license and has held such license for at least one year;
(III) 
The passenger who is under 21 years of age is in the vehicle on account of a medical emergency;
(IV) 
All passengers who are under 21 years of age are members of the driver’s immediate family and all such passengers are wearing a seatbelt.
(2) 
(a) 
Except as provided in subsection (2)(b) of this section, a minor driver shall not operate a motor vehicle between 12:00 midnight and 5:00 a.m. until such driver has held a driver’s license for at least one year.
(b) 
This subsection (2) shall not apply if:
(I) 
The motor vehicle contains the minor’s parent or legal guardian or other responsible adult described in §  42-2-108, C.R.S.;
(II) 
The motor vehicle contains an adult 21 years of age or older who currently holds a valid driver’s license and has held such license for at least one year;
(III) 
The minor is driving to school or a school-authorized activity when the school does not provide adequate transportation, so long as the driver possesses a signed statement from the school official containing the date the activity will occur;
(IV) 
The minor is driving on account of employment when necessary, so long as the driver possesses a signed statement from the employer verifying employment;
(V) 
The minor is driving on account of a medical emergency; or
(VI) 
The minor is an emancipated minor.
(3) 
A violation of this section is a traffic infraction, and, upon conviction, the violator may be punished as follows:
(a) 
By the imposition of not less than eight hours nor more than 24 hours of community service for a first offense and not less than 16 hours nor more than 40 hours of community service for a subsequent offense;
(b) 
By the levying of a fine of not more than $50.00 for a first offense, a fine of not more than $100.00 for a second offense, and a fine of $150.00 for a subsequent offense;
(4) 
For the purposes of this section:
“Emancipated minor”
means an individual under 18 years of age whose parents or guardian has surrendered parental responsibilities, custody, and the right to the care and earnings of such person, and are no longer under a duty to support such person.
“Minor driver”
means a person who is operating a motor vehicle and who is under 18 years of age.
(5) 
No driver in a motor vehicle shall be cited for a violation of this section unless such driver was stopped by a law enforcement officer for an alleged violation of this chapter other than a violation of this section.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)
(1) 
A rider of an EPAMD shall have all the same rights and duties as an operator of any other vehicle under this chapter, except as to those provisions that by their nature have no application.
(2) 
Unless specifically prohibited otherwise in this chapter, an EPAMD may be operated on a roadway in conformity with vehicle use.
(3) 
An EPAMD shall not be operated:
(a) 
On a limited-access highway;
(b) 
On a bike or pedestrian path; or
(c) 
At a speed of greater than 12.5 miles per hour.
(4) 
A person who violates this section commits a traffic infraction.
(Ord. 4759, 9-6-17)