A.
Buildings occupied in whole or in part as defined
in this code shall comply with the requirements hereinafter set forth
concerning occupancy, size, light and ventilation, in order to provide
a safe and healthful environment.
B.
The term "accessory use" shall have a uniform meaning
and shall apply in the same manner and under the same conditions or
restrictions to all buildings and premises.
Buildings, for the purpose of this code, shall
be classified in respect to their occupancies as follows:
In dwelling units, the maximum number of occupants
shall be limited to the number determined on the basis of the floor
areas of habitable rooms, other than kitchens, as follows: one occupant
per room having a floor area of at least 90 but less than 140 square
feet, two occupants per room having a floor area of at least 140 but
less than 200 square feet and three occupants per room having a floor
area of 200 or more square feet.
A.
Size.
(1)
Habitable space shall have a minimum ceiling height
of seven feet six inches.
(2)
A dwelling unit shall contain at least one habitable
room having a minimum of 150 square feet of floor area and a minimum
horizontal dimension of 10 feet.
(3)
Kitchens shall have a minimum of 60 square feet of
floor area, and other habitable spaces shall contain not less than
80 square feet of floor area and shall have a minimum horizontal dimension
of seven feet.
(4)
Every alcove less than 60 square feet in area, except
a cooking space or foyer, shall be deemed to be part of a habitable
room. The area of the opening in the dividing partition between the
alcove and the room shall be at least 80% of the wall area of such
partition, measured on the alcove side, but not less than 40 square
feet. The depth of such alcove shall not exceed its width. The floor
area of the alcove shall be added to the floor area of the room in
determining light and ventilation requirements for the room. An alcove
with an area of 60 square feet or more, but less than the required
area of a habitable room, shall be separately lighted and ventilated
as required for habitable space.
B.
Basements. Basements shall not be deemed habitable
space where required windows are located only on one wall and the
depth of the basement space exceeds four times its clear height.
C.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Habitable space shall be provided with natural light
through one or more windows, skylights or transparent or translucent
panels, or any combination thereof, that face directly on legal open
spaces of at least six inches above the adjoining finished grade or
above a roof. The amount of light shall be equivalent to that transmitted
through clear glass equal in area to 10% of the floor area of the
habitable space.
(2)
Habitable space shall be provided with artificial
light.
(3)
Habitable space shall be provided with natural ventilation
through openable parts of windows or other openings in exterior walls
that face legal open space above the adjoining finished grade or above
a roof or through openable parts of skylights, providing total clear
ventilation area equal to not less than 5% of the total floor area
of each habitable space.
(4)
Habitable space may also be provided with mechanical
ventilation, in addition to natural ventilation.
A.
Height. Public space shall have a minimum height of
seven feet six inches measured from finished floor to finished ceiling.
B.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Public spaces shall be provided with artificial light.
(2)
In public spaces, stairways and passageways, artificial
light shall be electric lighting provided at all times so as to afford
safe passage for occupants and users. Such lighting shall conform
to the following:
(a)
A sufficient number of fixtures shall be provided
so that the distance between fixtures is not more than 30 feet and
so that no wall is more than 15 feet distant from a fixture.
(b)
Incandescent lighting shall be based on not
less than 1/4 watt per square foot of floor area, except that each
fixture shall have a lamp or lamps with a total of not less than 60
watts.
(c)
Fluorescent lighting shall be based on not less
than 1/10 watt per square foot of floor area, except that each fixture
shall have a lamp or lamps of a total of not less than 40 watts.
(3)
Public space shall be provided with either adequate
natural ventilation, conforming to the requirements for habitable
space, or with adequate mechanical ventilation.
A.
Height. Nonhabitable space, except crawl spaces and
attics, in multiple dwellings shall have a minimum height of seven
feet, measured from floor to ceiling.
B.
Toilet rooms and bathrooms.
(1)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms in one- and two-family
dwellings shall have provisions for privacy.
(2)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms for dwelling units in multiple
dwellings shall be located within the dwelling units, shall be accessible
from any sleeping room without passing through any other sleeping
room and shall have provisions for adequate privacy.
(3)
Toilet rooms for employees in multiple dwellings and
business units shall be in separate rooms for each sex where there
are five or more employees, shall be readily accessible to such employees
and shall not open directly into any kitchen or other public space
used for the cooking or preparation of food.
(4)
In one- and two-family dwellings, bathrooms and toilet
rooms shall be provided with floors of moisture-resistant material.
(5)
In multiple dwellings and business units, floors of
bathrooms, toilet rooms and similar spaces shall be surfaced with
ceramic tile, and such tile shall extend at least four inches above
the floor on all walls. Such tile shall be maintained in a watertight
condition so that floors can be flushed or washed without leaking.
(6)
In all dwellings and business units, shower enclosures
and bathtubs shall be maintained in a watertight condition.
C.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Kitchenettes, bathrooms and toilet rooms shall be
provided with artificial light appropriate for the use of such rooms.
(2)
Laundry rooms, furnace rooms and similar nonhabitable
spaces shall be provided with artificial light appropriate for the
intended use of such rooms.
(3)
Stairs shall be provided with artificial light to
allow safe ascent or descent.
(4)
Kitchenettes, bathrooms and toilet rooms shall be
provided ventilation in accordance with either of the following:
(a)
Natural ventilation as required for habitable
space, except that such openable areas shall not be less than three
square feet for bathrooms or toilet rooms and not less than six square
feet for kitchenettes.
(b)
Mechanical ventilation exhausting not less than
30 cubic feet per minute for bathrooms and toilet rooms and not less
than 120 cubic feet per minute for kitchenettes.
(5)
Spaces in multiple dwellings which contain central
heat-producing, air-conditioning and other equipment or which are
designed or used for the parking or storage of motor vehicles shall
be ventilated directly to the outer air, and air from these spaces
shall not be recirculated to other parts of the building.
(6)
Ventilation shall be provided in unheated attics,
spaces below flat roofs and in crawl spaces. Location and net areas
of ventilation openings shall be such as to minimize deterioration
of structural members from condensation or other causes, in conformity
with generally accepted standards.
A.
Safe, continuous and unobstructed exit shall be provided
from the interior of the building to the exterior at street or grade
level.
B.
Exits shall be arranged, constructed and proportioned
so that occupants may escape safely from the building in case of emergency.
C.
In one- and two-family dwellings, in addition to a
primary exit from the building, there shall be provided a secondary
exit or, in lieu thereof, one or more exit openings for emergency
use.
D.
In multiple dwellings and business units, approved
exits shall be provided.
E.
Every entrance from the street, roof, passageway,
courtyard, cellar or other entrance to a multiple dwelling shall be
equipped with approved automatic self-closing and selflocking doors.
Such doors shall be locked at all times except when an attendant shall
actually be on duty.
F.
The owner of every multiple dwelling shall install
and maintain a light or lights at or near the outside of the front
entranceway of the building which shall, in the aggregate, provide
not less than 50 watts incandescent illumination for a building with
a frontage up to 22 feet and 100 watts incandescent illumination for
a building with a frontage in excess of 22 feet, or equivalent illumination,
and shall be kept burning from sunset every day to sunrise on the
day following. In the case of a multiple dwelling with a frontage
in excess of 22 feet, the front entrance doors of which have a combined
width in excess of five feet, there shall be at least two lights,
one at each side of the entranceway, with an aggregate illumination
of 150 watts or equivalent illumination.
