Buildings used or occupied for residential use,
as defined and classified in this Part 1, shall conform to the use,
occupancy, size, light, ventilation, vertical travel, exit and egress
requirements, to provide for a safe and healthful environment.
Buildings, for the purpose of this Part 1, shall
be classified in respect to their uses or occupancies as follows:
A.
One- and two-family dwellings.
B.
Multiple dwellings. Apartment houses, apartment hotels,
hotels, motels, boatels, lodging houses, rooming houses, boardinghouses,
clubs, dormitories, and fraternity and sorority houses.
C.
Mixed-occupancy buildings.
(1)
Residential and accessory use parts shall be classified
as multiple dwellings.
(2)
Nonresidential parts shall be classified in accordance
with their occupancy and use under the Uniform Code. Components of
such parts, including but not limited to structural elements, mechanical
and electrical service equipment, and fire-protection equipment, shall
be subject to applicable provisions of this Part 1 and generally accepted
standards of engineering and fire-protection practice, so as to ensure
the health, safety, and welfare of the residential occupants of the
building.
D.
Accessory structures.
A.
In dwelling units the maximum number of occupants
of each such respective unit shall be limited to a number determined
on the basis of the floor area of each habitable room, other than
kitchens, as follows:
B.
In hotel units and lodging units the maximum number
of occupants shall be limited to the number determined on the same
basis as for dwelling units.
C.
In dormitory units the maximum number of occupants
shall be limited to a number determined by dividing the floor area
of the unit by 50 square feet. In no case shall the floor area of
a dormitory unit be less than 200 square feet.
D.
The maximum number of occupants permitted in hotel
units, lodging units, or dormitory units shall be posted in a conspicuous
place in each such unit.
E.
Communal dining rooms and central dining rooms shall
contain at least 15 square feet of floor area per occupant. The maximum
number of occupants permitted at any particular time shall be posted
in a conspicuous place in each such unit.
F.
Communal dining space in communal kitchens shall be
exclusive of clear working space, at least four feet in front of kitchen
equipment, and comply with the requirements for communal dining rooms.
A.
It shall be prohibited to use for sleeping purposes
any kitchen or nonhabitable space. Public space shall be permitted
to be used for temporary shelter.
B.
It shall be prohibited to prepare meals in hotel units,
lodging units, and dormitory units which have no kitchens or kitchenettes.
C.
It shall be prohibited to use any cellar space as
habitable space.
D.
It shall be prohibited, in dwelling units, hotel units, lodging units, and dormitory units, to conduct a home occupation as set forth in Subsection D(1) or (2), as follows:
(1)
When the utilized floor area is more than 25% of the
total floor area of the unit, and in no event more than 500 square
feet of floor area.
(2)
When the home occupation produces offensive noise,
vibration, smoke, dust or other particulate matter, odorous matter,
heat, humidity, glare or other objectionable effects.
E.
It shall be prohibited to occupy or use for residential
purposes the residential part of a mixed-occupancy building, if the
nonresidential part of such building is classified for use as a high-hazard
occupancy or if the nonresidential use is obnoxious or offensive to
residential occupancy or use.
F.
Dwelling units shall be separate from each other.
A.
Size.
(1)
Habitable space shall have a minimum height of seven
feet six inches, measured from floor to ceiling. In habitable space
with a sloping ceiling, the required minimum ceiling height of seven
feet six inches shall be provided in at least 50% of the floor area,
and the area where the ceiling height is less than five feet shall
not be included in computing required floor area.
(2)
A dwelling unit shall contain at least one habitable
room having a minimum of 150 square feet of floor area, with a minimum
horizontal dimension of 10 feet.
(3)
Kitchens shall have a minimum of 60 square feet of
floor area, and other habitable spaces shall contain not less than
80 square feet of floor area, with a minimum horizontal dimension
of seven feet.
(4)
Alcoves, except cooking spaces or foyers, to be deemed
part of a habitable room shall conform to the following:
(a)
An alcove less than 60 square feet in area shall
be deemed part of the habitable room which it abuts, provided the
dividing partition between the alcove and the room has an opening
of at least 80% of the wall area of such partition, measured on the
alcove side, which wall area may not be less than 40 square feet,
and the depth of such alcove does not exceed half its width.
(b)
The floor area of the alcove shall be added to the floor area of the habitable room, for the purpose of complying with the light and ventilation requirements of Subsection C of this section.
(c)
An alcove with an area of 60 square feet or more, but less than 80 square feet, shall be deemed part of the habitable room which it abuts, provided it meets the requirements of Subsection A(4)(a) and is separately lighted and ventilated, as required for habitable space in Subsection C of this section.
B.
Location in respect to grade level. Habitable space
located partially below grade shall conform to the definition of a
basement, with the floor level of such space not more than four feet
below the average finished grade.
C.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Habitable space shall have natural light provided
by means of one or more windows, skylights, transparent or translucent
panels, or any combination thereof, that face directly on open space.
The amount of light shall be equivalent to that transmitted through
clear glass equal in area to not less than 10% of the floor area of
the habitable space. In computing the amount of light transmitted,
only window or panel areas six inches or more above the adjoining
finished grade shall be included in such calculation.
(2)
Habitable space shall be provided with electric light
appropriate for the intended use.
(3)
Habitable space shall have natural ventilation provided
by means of openable parts of windows or other openings in exterior
walls that face directly on open space, or through openable parts
of skylights. Such openable parts shall have a total clear ventilation
area equal to not less than 5% of the floor area of the habitable
space. In computing the total clear ventilation area, only openable
parts of windows or other openings six inches or more above the adjoining
finished grade shall be included in such calculation.
(4)
Habitable space may also be provided with mechanical ventilation in addition to natural ventilation, but not in substitution thereof, except kitchens may be provided with natural ventilation, conforming with Subsection C(3) of this section, or with mechanical ventilation exhausting not less than 150 cfm.
D.
Open space.
(1)
Open space shall be of sufficient area to permit required
natural light and ventilation for habitable space.
(2)
Windows, panels, and openings required to provide
natural light or ventilation shall face directly on open space conforming
to the following:
(a)
Where such open space is bounded on two sides
by walls, with two open ends, and the vertical dimension of the lower
wall is 30 feet or less, the horizontal dimension between walls shall
be at least eight feet. For each foot that the vertical dimension
of the lower wall exceeds 30 feet, the horizontal dimension between
walls, above the thirty-foot level, shall be increased by at least
three inches. Vertical dimension shall be measured from the floor
level of the story containing required windows, panels, or openings
to the top of the lower wall. Horizontal dimension shall be measured,
at the same floor level, from the wall containing such windows, panels,
or openings to the facing wall.
E.
Miscellaneous requirements.
(1)
Dwelling units shall be separate and apart from each
other. Sleeping rooms shall not be used as the only means of access
to other sleeping rooms or habitable spaces.
(2)
Hotel units, lodging units, and dormitory units shall
be designed to provide privacy and be separate from other adjoining
spaces.
(3)
Communal kitchens and communal dining rooms shall
be accessible only from a common hall or passageway.
A.
Height. Public space shall have a minimum height of
seven feet six inches, measured from floor to ceiling.
B.
Light and ventilation.
(2)
Public reception, ball, meeting, lecture, and recreation
rooms, and similar public spaces, shall be provided with electric
light appropriate for the intended use.
(3)
Public spaces shall be provided with either natural
ventilation, conforming to the requirements for habitable space, or
with mechanical ventilation conforming to the requirements of Table
II.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See § 182-39G(4).
A.
Height. In multiple dwellings, nonhabitable space,
except crawl spaces and attics, shall have a minimum height of seven
feet, measured from floor to ceiling.
B.
Toilet rooms and bathrooms.
(1)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms shall be designed and arranged
to provide privacy.
(2)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms shall not be used as a
passageway to a hall, or other spaces, or to the exterior.
(3)
A toilet room or bathroom in a dwelling unit shall
be accessible from any sleeping room without passing through another
sleeping room.
(4)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms serving hotel units, lodging
units, or dormitory units, unless located within such respective units,
or directly connected thereto, shall be provided on the same story
with such units and be accessible only from a common hall or passageway.
(5)
Toilet rooms for employees in multiple dwellings shall
be separate for each sex where there are five or more employees, shall
be readily accessible to such employees, and shall not open directly
into any public kitchen or other public space used for the cooking
or preparation of food.
(6)
The entrance to every toilet room with facilities
to serve more than one person at a time, and opening into a public
space or passageway, shall be provided with a vestibule or fixed partition
to screen the interior from view. The door of every such toilet room
with multiple facilities shall have an effective self-closing device.
Doors of toilet rooms with facilities to serve one person at a time
shall be provided with an interior door lock.
(7)
In one- and two-family dwellings, bathrooms and toilet
rooms shall be provided with floors of moisture-resistant material.
(8)
In multiple dwelling, floors of bathrooms, toilet
rooms, and similar spaces shall be waterproof; such waterproofing
shall extend six inches or more above floors, except at doors. Walls
shall be constructed or covered with moisture-resistant material.
C.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Kitchenettes, bathrooms, and toilet rooms shall be
provided with electric light of sufficient intensity and so distributed
as to permit the maintenance of sanitary conditions and the safe use
of the space and the appliances, equipment, and fixtures.
(2)
(3)
In multiple dwellings, kitchenettes, bathrooms, and
toilet rooms shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with
either of the following:
(a)
Natural ventilation by openings which comply with the requirements of Subsection C(3) of § 182-12, except that minimum openings shall be three square feet for kitchenettes and bathrooms and toilet rooms designed for private use, and one square foot per water closet or urinal, or three square feet, whichever is greater, for bathrooms and toilet rooms designed for public use; or
(b)
Mechanical ventilation exhausting not less than
150 cfm for kitchenettes, 25 cfm for bathrooms and toilet rooms designed
for private use, and 40 cfm per water closet or urinal for bathrooms
and toilet rooms designed for public use.
(4)
Stairs shall be provided with electric light to allow
safe ascent and descent.
(5)
Laundry rooms, furnace rooms, and similar nonhabitable
spaces shall be provided with electric light appropriate for the intended
use of such rooms.
(6)
Spaces in multiple dwellings which contain central
heat-producing equipment, incinerator, or air-conditioning equipment
shall be ventilated directly to the outer air.
(7)
Shower rooms, locker rooms, dressing rooms, and laundry
rooms shall be provided with either natural ventilation, conforming
to the requirements for habitable space, or with mechanical ventilation
conforming to the requirements of Table II.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See § 182-39G(4).
(8)
Garages within or accessory to multiple dwellings
shall be provided with electric light appropriate for the intended
use of such spaces.
(9)
Garage areas above grade, in excess of 1,000 square
feet, and all garage areas below grade shall be provided with mechanical
ventilation, in conformity with Table II.
Elevators and escalators shall be maintained
in good and safe operating condition and adequately lighted at all
times.
A.
Railings or parapet walls shall be provided at open
sides of balconies, mezzanines, porches, accessible roofs, exit passageways,
areaways, motor vehicle parking decks and ramps, and around floor
openings.
B.
Railings or parapet walls shall be at least three
feet six inches in height and designed to resist a lateral load, at
the top, of at least 50 pounds per linear foot. Fixed openings in
railings or parapet walls shall not exceed six inches in one dimension.
C.
Wheel bumper blocks shall be provided at the perimeter
and around floor openings of open motor vehicle parking decks and
ramps. Wheel bumper blocks shall be continuous, at least eight inches
in height, fastened to the floor, and designed to resist a minimum
linear load of 300 pounds per foot.
A.
General.
(1)
Safe, continuous, and unobstructed exit shall be provided
from the interior of a building or structure to the exterior, at a
street, or to a yard, court, or passageway leading to a public open
area.
(2)
Exits shall be arranged, constructed, proportioned,
and maintained so that occupants may escape safely from the building
or structure in case of emergency. Width of exits shall conform to
generally accepted standards.
(3)
Exits from dwelling units, hotel units, lodging units,
and dormitory units shall not lead through other such units or through
toilet rooms or bathrooms.
(4)
Nothing shall be placed, accumulated, or stored on
residential premises which obstructs egress from stairways, passageways,
doors, windows, fire escapes, or other means of exit.
(5)
In multiple dwellings, exits, including vestibules,
stairways, passageways, corridors and hallways, but excluding fire
escapes, shall be lighted with natural or electric light at all times,
so as to afford safe passage.
(6)
Stairways shall have handrails on at least one side.
(7)
Fire escapes shall be maintained free of encumbrances.
(8)
Vending machines and other equipment or materials
shall not be located in lobbies, corridors, or passageways if it constitutes
a fire hazard or interferes with the exit facilities.
B.
One- and two-family dwellings.
(1)
A fixed stairway shall be provided between stories
and between the first story and a basement or cellar.
(2)
In one- and two-family dwellings, in addition to the
primary exit, there shall be provided an emergency exit from each
story. Such emergency exit may be similar to the primary exit, or
a fire escape, or an opening, such as a window or door, having at
least four square feet of openable area with a minimum dimension of
18 inches, and with the bottom of the opening not more than three
feet six inches above the floor. All new construction or renovation
shall comply with the Uniform Code.
(3)
In two-family dwellings more than three stories in
height, exits shall comply with any of the following:
(a)
One interior stairway enclosed in construction
having at least a three-fourths-hour fire-resistance rating with openings
in such enclosure protected by self-closing doors;
(b)
Two interior stairways with all doors opening
upon such stairways equipped with a self-closing device;
(c)
One interior stairway with all doors opening
upon such stairway equipped with a self-closing device, and one exterior
stairway or fire escape providing exit from each dwelling unit on
any story; or
(d)
One interior stairway equipped with an automatic
sprinkler system, with all doors opening upon such stairway equipped
with a self-closing device.
C.
Multiple dwellings.
(1)
In multiple dwellings two stories or less in height, in addition to the primary exit from each dwelling unit, hotel unit, lodging unit, or dormitory unit, there shall be provided an emergency exit from each such unit conforming to the requirements of Subsection B(2) of this section.
(2)
In multiple dwellings three stories or more in height,
there shall be provided from each story at least two exits accessible
to each dwelling unit, hotel unit, lodging unit, or dormitory unit.
The primary exit shall be an interior public hail, stairway, lobby,
vestibule, or any combination thereof. The secondary exit shall be
another interior public hall, stairway, lobby, or vestibule, or any
combination thereof, or a fire escape. Where the secondary exit is
through the same public hall which provides access to the primary
exit, the primary exit shall be separated from such public hall by
construction having a fire-resistance rating of at least 3/4 hour.
(3)
Public halls, stairways, lobbies, and vestibules serving
as exits shall be enclosed with construction having a fire-resistance
rating of at least 3/4 hour. Wood wainscoting in exits is prohibited.
Combustible interior trim in exits is permitted only in buildings
three stories or less in height. Openings, other than doors, in interior
walls or partitions of exits shall be sealed so as to maintain the
required fire-resistance rating of the wall or partition.
(4)
Doors from dwelling units, hotel units, lodging units,
or dormitory units opening upon a public hall and doors in stairway
enclosures shall be self-closing. Doors from units opening upon public
halls and doors in stairway enclosures shall have a fire-resistance
rating of at least 3/4 hour.
(5)
Basement and cellar stairways shall be separated from
stairways leading to or from upper stories, at the grade level story,
by construction having a fire-resistance rating of at least 3/4 hour,
with doors that are self-closing and have a fire-resistance rating
of at least 3/4 hour.
D.
Height. In multiple dwellings, passageways, corridors,
hallways, and vestibules shall have a minimum height of seven feet
six inches, measured from floor to ceiling. In stairways, headroom
over landing floors and tread nosings shall have a minimum height
of seven feet.
E.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
In multiple dwellings, exits, including vestibules,
stairways, passageways, corridors, and hallways, but excluding fire
escapes, shall be lighted with natural or electric light at all times,
so as to afford safe passage. Electric light shall conform to the
following:
(a)
A sufficient number of fixtures shall be provided
so that the distance between fixtures is not more than 30 feet and
so that no wall is more than 15 feet from a fixture.
(b)
Incandescent lighting: not less than 1/4 watt
per square foot of floor area, except that each fixture shall have
a lamp or lamps with a total of not less than 25 watts.
(c)
Fluorescent lighting: not less than 1/10 watt
per square foot of floor area, except that each fixture shall have
a lamp or lamps of a total of not less than 15 watts.
(d)
Where under these formulas the calculated wattage
does not correspond to that of a standard lamp, the next larger size
shall be used.
(2)
In multiple dwellings, stairways, passageways, corridors,
and hallways shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with
either of the following:
(a)
Natural ventilation obtained by means of openings
to the outer air, or by means of ducts connected to wind- or gravity-operated
ventilators; or
(b)
Mechanical ventilation conforming to the requirements
of Table II.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See § 182-39G(4).
F.
Stairways.
(1)
Stairway treads, risers, and landings shall be arranged,
constructed, proportioned, and maintained to provide safe ascent and
descent.
(2)
Guardrails or balustrades, at least 33 inches in height
above nosings and 36 inches in height above landings, shall be provided
at open portions of stairways.
(3)
Handrails shall be provided on at least one side of
stairways.
(4)
Where stairways provide access to roofs by means of
scuttles or bulkhead doors, such scuttles or doors shall be readily
openable from the interior without the use of tools or keys.
G.
Fire escapes.
(1)
Fire escapes which serve as a secondary means of egress
shall be of material having the properties of ferrous metal, other
than cast iron, and conform to generally accepted standards. Fire
escapes shall be maintained free of encumbrances.
(2)
Access to fire escapes shall be through openable, unobstructed doors, or windows conforming to the requirements of windows for emergency exit in Subsection B(2) of this section.
(3)
In buildings more than three stories in height, fire
escapes shall continue to the roof, except when the slope of the roof
exceeds 15°.
(4)
The lowest balcony shall be provided with a drop ladder
or counterbalanced stair, if it is more than five feet above the ground.
A.
Exterior artificial lighting shall be maintained in
operating condition.
B.
Multiple-dwelling premises.
(1)
Exterior artificial lighting shall be provided at
night to illuminate facilities used by pedestrians, including walks,
driveways, parking spaces, and entranceways to buildings.
(2)
Exterior artificial lighting shall be of an approved
type as to location and safety of installation.
(3)
Exterior artificial lighting at or near front entranceways
shall consist of at least one fixture with a lamp or lamps having
a cumulative wattage of at least 50 watts for a building with a frontage
up to 25 feet. Where the frontage is in excess of 25 feet, at least
two fixtures with lamps having a cumulative wattage of at least 100
watts shall be provided.
