Buildings used or occupied for residential use, as defined and classified
in this Part 1, shall conform to the use, occupancy, size, light, ventilation,
vertical travel, exit and egress requirements, to provide for a safe and healthful
environment.
Buildings, for the purpose of this Part 1, shall be classified in respect
to their uses or occupancies as follows:
A.
One- and two-family dwellings.
B.
Multiple dwellings. Apartment houses, apartment hotels,
hotels, motels, boatels, lodging houses, rooming houses, boardinghouses, clubs,
dormitories, and fraternity and sorority houses.
C.
Mixed-occupancy buildings.
(1)
Residential and accessory use parts shall be classified
as multiple dwellings.
(2)
Nonresidential parts shall be classified in accordance
with their occupancy and use under the Uniform Code. Components of such parts,
including but not limited to structural elements, mechanical and electrical
service equipment, and fire-protection equipment, shall be subject to applicable
provisions of this Part 1 and generally accepted standards of engineering
and fire-protection practice, so as to ensure the health, safety, and welfare
of the residential occupants of the building.
D.
Accessory structures.
A.
In dwelling units the maximum number of occupants of
each such respective unit shall be limited to a number determined on the basis
of the floor area of each habitable room, other than kitchens, as follows:
B.
In hotel units and lodging units the maximum number of
occupants shall be limited to the number determined on the same basis as for
dwelling units.
C.
In dormitory units the maximum number of occupants shall
be limited to a number determined by dividing the floor area of the unit by
50 square feet. In no case shall the floor area of a dormitory unit be less
than 200 square feet.
D.
The maximum number of occupants permitted in hotel units,
lodging units, or dormitory units shall be posted in a conspicuous place in
each such unit.
E.
Communal dining rooms and central dining rooms shall
contain at least 15 square feet of floor area per occupant. The maximum number
of occupants permitted at any particular time shall be posted in a conspicuous
place in each such unit.
F.
Communal dining space in communal kitchens shall be exclusive
of clear working space, at least four feet in front of kitchen equipment,
and comply with the requirements for communal dining rooms.
A.
It shall be prohibited to use for sleeping purposes any
kitchen or nonhabitable space. Public space shall be permitted to be used
for temporary shelter.
B.
It shall be prohibited to prepare meals in hotel units,
lodging units, and dormitory units which have no kitchens or kitchenettes.
C.
It shall be prohibited to use any cellar space as habitable
space.
D.
It shall be prohibited, in dwelling units, hotel units, lodging units, and dormitory units, to conduct a home occupation as set forth in Subsection D(1) or (2), as follows:
(1)
When the utilized floor area is more than 25% of the
total floor area of the unit, and in no event more than 500 square feet of
floor area.
(2)
When the home occupation produces offensive noise, vibration,
smoke, dust or other particulate matter, odorous matter, heat, humidity, glare
or other objectionable effects.
E.
It shall be prohibited to occupy or use for residential
purposes the residential part of a mixed-occupancy building, if the nonresidential
part of such building is classified for use as a high-hazard occupancy or
if the nonresidential use is obnoxious or offensive to residential occupancy
or use.
F.
Dwelling units shall be separate from each other.
A.
Size.
(1)
Habitable space shall have a minimum height of seven
feet six inches, measured from floor to ceiling. In habitable space with a
sloping ceiling, the required minimum ceiling height of seven feet six inches
shall be provided in at least 50% of the floor area, and the area where the
ceiling height is less than five feet shall not be included in computing required
floor area.
(2)
A dwelling unit shall contain at least one habitable
room having a minimum of 150 square feet of floor area, with a minimum horizontal
dimension of 10 feet.
(3)
Kitchens shall have a minimum of 60 square feet of floor
area, and other habitable spaces shall contain not less than 80 square feet
of floor area, with a minimum horizontal dimension of seven feet.
(4)
Alcoves, except cooking spaces or foyers, to be deemed
part of a habitable room shall conform to the following:
(a)
An alcove less than 60 square feet in area shall be deemed
part of the habitable room which it abuts, provided the dividing partition
between the alcove and the room has an opening of at least 80% of the wall
area of such partition, measured on the alcove side, which wall area may not
be less than 40 square feet, and the depth of such alcove does not exceed
half its width.
(b)
The floor area of the alcove shall be added to the floor area of the habitable room, for the purpose of complying with the light and ventilation requirements of Subsection C of this section.
(c)
An alcove with an area of 60 square feet or more, but less than 80 square feet, shall be deemed part of the habitable room which it abuts, provided it meets the requirements of Subsection A(4)(a) and is separately lighted and ventilated, as required for habitable space in Subsection C of this section.
B.
Location in respect to grade level. Habitable space located
partially below grade shall conform to the definition of a basement, with
the floor level of such space not more than four feet below the average finished
grade.
C.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Habitable space shall have natural light provided by
means of one or more windows, skylights, transparent or translucent panels,
or any combination thereof, that face directly on open space. The amount of
light shall be equivalent to that transmitted through clear glass equal in
area to not less than 10% of the floor area of the habitable space. In computing
the amount of light transmitted, only window or panel areas six inches or
more above the adjoining finished grade shall be included in such calculation.
(2)
Habitable space shall be provided with electric light
appropriate for the intended use.
(3)
Habitable space shall have natural ventilation provided
by means of openable parts of windows or other openings in exterior walls
that face directly on open space, or through openable parts of skylights.
Such openable parts shall have a total clear ventilation area equal to not
less than 5% of the floor area of the habitable space. In computing the total
clear ventilation area, only openable parts of windows or other openings six
inches or more above the adjoining finished grade shall be included in such
calculation.
(4)
Habitable space may also be provided with mechanical ventilation in addition to natural ventilation, but not in substitution thereof, except kitchens may be provided with natural ventilation, conforming with Subsection C(3) of this section, or with mechanical ventilation exhausting not less than 150 cfm.
D.
Open space.
(1)
Open space shall be of sufficient area to permit required
natural light and ventilation for habitable space.
(2)
Windows, panels, and openings required to provide natural
light or ventilation shall face directly on open space conforming to the following:
(a)
Where such open space is bounded on two sides by walls,
with two open ends, and the vertical dimension of the lower wall is 30 feet
or less, the horizontal dimension between walls shall be at least eight feet.
For each foot that the vertical dimension of the lower wall exceeds 30 feet,
the horizontal dimension between walls, above the thirty-foot level, shall
be increased by at least three inches. Vertical dimension shall be measured
from the floor level of the story containing required windows, panels, or
openings to the top of the lower wall. Horizontal dimension shall be measured,
at the same floor level, from the wall containing such windows, panels, or
openings to the facing wall.
E.
Miscellaneous requirements.
(1)
Dwelling units shall be separate and apart from each
other. Sleeping rooms shall not be used as the only means of access to other
sleeping rooms or habitable spaces.
(2)
Hotel units, lodging units, and dormitory units shall
be designed to provide privacy and be separate from other adjoining spaces.
(3)
Communal kitchens and communal dining rooms shall be
accessible only from a common hall or passageway.
A.
Height. Public space shall have a minimum height of seven
feet six inches, measured from floor to ceiling.
B.
Light and ventilation.
(2)
Public reception, ball, meeting, lecture, and recreation
rooms, and similar public spaces, shall be provided with electric light appropriate
for the intended use.
(3)
Public spaces shall be provided with either natural ventilation,
conforming to the requirements for habitable space, or with mechanical ventilation
conforming to the requirements of Table II.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See § 182-39G(4).
A.
Height. In multiple dwellings, nonhabitable space, except
crawl spaces and attics, shall have a minimum height of seven feet, measured
from floor to ceiling.
B.
Toilet rooms and bathrooms.
(1)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms shall be designed and arranged
to provide privacy.
(2)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms shall not be used as a passageway
to a hall, or other spaces, or to the exterior.
(3)
A toilet room or bathroom in a dwelling unit shall be
accessible from any sleeping room without passing through another sleeping
room.
(4)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms serving hotel units, lodging
units, or dormitory units, unless located within such respective units, or
directly connected thereto, shall be provided on the same story with such
units and be accessible only from a common hall or passageway.
(5)
Toilet rooms for employees in multiple dwellings shall
be separate for each sex where there are five or more employees, shall be
readily accessible to such employees, and shall not open directly into any
public kitchen or other public space used for the cooking or preparation of
food.
(6)
The entrance to every toilet room with facilities to
serve more than one person at a time, and opening into a public space or passageway,
shall be provided with a vestibule or fixed partition to screen the interior
from view. The door of every such toilet room with multiple facilities shall
have an effective self-closing device. Doors of toilet rooms with facilities
to serve one person at a time shall be provided with an interior door lock.
(7)
In one- and two-family dwellings, bathrooms and toilet
rooms shall be provided with floors of moisture-resistant material.
(8)
In multiple dwelling, floors of bathrooms, toilet rooms,
and similar spaces shall be waterproof; such waterproofing shall extend six
inches or more above floors, except at doors. Walls shall be constructed or
covered with moisture-resistant material.
C.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Kitchenettes, bathrooms, and toilet rooms shall be provided
with electric light of sufficient intensity and so distributed as to permit
the maintenance of sanitary conditions and the safe use of the space and the
appliances, equipment, and fixtures.
(2)
(3)
In multiple dwellings, kitchenettes, bathrooms, and toilet
rooms shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with either of the
following:
(a)
Natural ventilation by openings which comply with the requirements of Subsection C(3) of § 182-12, except that minimum openings shall be three square feet for kitchenettes and bathrooms and toilet rooms designed for private use, and one square foot per water closet or urinal, or three square feet, whichever is greater, for bathrooms and toilet rooms designed for public use; or
(b)
Mechanical ventilation exhausting not less than 150 cfm
for kitchenettes, 25 cfm for bathrooms and toilet rooms designed for private
use, and 40 cfm per water closet or urinal for bathrooms and toilet rooms
designed for public use.
(4)
Stairs shall be provided with electric light to allow
safe ascent and descent.
(5)
Laundry rooms, furnace rooms, and similar nonhabitable
spaces shall be provided with electric light appropriate for the intended
use of such rooms.
(6)
Spaces in multiple dwellings which contain central heat-producing
equipment, incinerator, or air-conditioning equipment shall be ventilated
directly to the outer air.
(7)
Shower rooms, locker rooms, dressing rooms, and laundry
rooms shall be provided with either natural ventilation, conforming to the
requirements for habitable space, or with mechanical ventilation conforming
to the requirements of Table II.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See § 182-39G(4).
(8)
Garages within or accessory to multiple dwellings shall
be provided with electric light appropriate for the intended use of such spaces.
(9)
Garage areas above grade, in excess of 1,000 square feet,
and all garage areas below grade shall be provided with mechanical ventilation,
in conformity with Table II.
Elevators and escalators shall be maintained in good and safe operating
condition and adequately lighted at all times.
A.
Railings or parapet walls shall be provided at open sides
of balconies, mezzanines, porches, accessible roofs, exit passageways, areaways,
motor vehicle parking decks and ramps, and around floor openings.
B.
Railings or parapet walls shall be at least three feet
six inches in height and designed to resist a lateral load, at the top, of
at least 50 pounds per linear foot. Fixed openings in railings or parapet
walls shall not exceed six inches in one dimension.
C.
Wheel bumper blocks shall be provided at the perimeter
and around floor openings of open motor vehicle parking decks and ramps. Wheel
bumper blocks shall be continuous, at least eight inches in height, fastened
to the floor, and designed to resist a minimum linear load of 300 pounds per
foot.
A.
General.
(1)
Safe, continuous, and unobstructed exit shall be provided
from the interior of a building or structure to the exterior, at a street,
or to a yard, court, or passageway leading to a public open area.
(2)
Exits shall be arranged, constructed, proportioned, and
maintained so that occupants may escape safely from the building or structure
in case of emergency. Width of exits shall conform to generally accepted standards.
(3)
Exits from dwelling units, hotel units, lodging units,
and dormitory units shall not lead through other such units or through toilet
rooms or bathrooms.
(4)
Nothing shall be placed, accumulated, or stored on residential
premises which obstructs egress from stairways, passageways, doors, windows,
fire escapes, or other means of exit.
(5)
In multiple dwellings, exits, including vestibules, stairways,
passageways, corridors and hallways, but excluding fire escapes, shall be
lighted with natural or electric light at all times, so as to afford safe
passage.
(6)
Stairways shall have handrails on at least one side.
(7)
Fire escapes shall be maintained free of encumbrances.
(8)
Vending machines and other equipment or materials shall
not be located in lobbies, corridors, or passageways if it constitutes a fire
hazard or interferes with the exit facilities.
B.
One- and two-family dwellings.
(1)
A fixed stairway shall be provided between stories and
between the first story and a basement or cellar.
(2)
In one- and two-family dwellings, in addition to the
primary exit, there shall be provided an emergency exit from each story. Such
emergency exit may be similar to the primary exit, or a fire escape, or an
opening, such as a window or door, having at least four square feet of openable
area with a minimum dimension of 18 inches, and with the bottom of the opening
not more than three feet six inches above the floor. All new construction
or renovation shall comply with the Uniform Code.
(3)
In two-family dwellings more than three stories in height,
exits shall comply with any of the following:
(a)
One interior stairway enclosed in construction having
at least a three-fourths-hour fire-resistance rating with openings in such
enclosure protected by self-closing doors;
(b)
Two interior stairways with all doors opening upon such
stairways equipped with a self-closing device;
(c)
One interior stairway with all doors opening upon such
stairway equipped with a self-closing device, and one exterior stairway or
fire escape providing exit from each dwelling unit on any story; or
(d)
One interior stairway equipped with an automatic sprinkler
system, with all doors opening upon such stairway equipped with a self-closing
device.
C.
Multiple dwellings.
(1)
In multiple dwellings two stories or less in height, in addition to the primary exit from each dwelling unit, hotel unit, lodging unit, or dormitory unit, there shall be provided an emergency exit from each such unit conforming to the requirements of Subsection B(2) of this section.
(2)
In multiple dwellings three stories or more in height,
there shall be provided from each story at least two exits accessible to each
dwelling unit, hotel unit, lodging unit, or dormitory unit. The primary exit
shall be an interior public hail, stairway, lobby, vestibule, or any combination
thereof. The secondary exit shall be another interior public hall, stairway,
lobby, or vestibule, or any combination thereof, or a fire escape. Where the
secondary exit is through the same public hall which provides access to the
primary exit, the primary exit shall be separated from such public hall by
construction having a fire-resistance rating of at least 3/4 hour.
(3)
Public halls, stairways, lobbies, and vestibules serving
as exits shall be enclosed with construction having a fire-resistance rating
of at least 3/4 hour. Wood wainscoting in exits is prohibited. Combustible
interior trim in exits is permitted only in buildings three stories or less
in height. Openings, other than doors, in interior walls or partitions of
exits shall be sealed so as to maintain the required fire-resistance rating
of the wall or partition.
(4)
Doors from dwelling units, hotel units, lodging units,
or dormitory units opening upon a public hall and doors in stairway enclosures
shall be self-closing. Doors from units opening upon public halls and doors
in stairway enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating of at least 3/4
hour.
(5)
Basement and cellar stairways shall be separated from
stairways leading to or from upper stories, at the grade level story, by construction
having a fire-resistance rating of at least 3/4 hour, with doors that are
self-closing and have a fire-resistance rating of at least 3/4 hour.
D.
Height. In multiple dwellings, passageways, corridors,
hallways, and vestibules shall have a minimum height of seven feet six inches,
measured from floor to ceiling. In stairways, headroom over landing floors
and tread nosings shall have a minimum height of seven feet.
E.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
In multiple dwellings, exits, including vestibules, stairways,
passageways, corridors, and hallways, but excluding fire escapes, shall be
lighted with natural or electric light at all times, so as to afford safe
passage. Electric light shall conform to the following:
(a)
A sufficient number of fixtures shall be provided so
that the distance between fixtures is not more than 30 feet and so that no
wall is more than 15 feet from a fixture.
(b)
Incandescent lighting: not less than 1/4 watt per square
foot of floor area, except that each fixture shall have a lamp or lamps with
a total of not less than 25 watts.
(c)
Fluorescent lighting: not less than 1/10 watt per square
foot of floor area, except that each fixture shall have a lamp or lamps of
a total of not less than 15 watts.
(d)
Where under these formulas the calculated wattage does
not correspond to that of a standard lamp, the next larger size shall be used.
(2)
In multiple dwellings, stairways, passageways, corridors,
and hallways shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with either
of the following:
(a)
Natural ventilation obtained by means of openings to
the outer air, or by means of ducts connected to wind- or gravity-operated
ventilators; or
(b)
Mechanical ventilation conforming to the requirements
of Table II.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See § 182-39G(4).
F.
Stairways.
(1)
Stairway treads, risers, and landings shall be arranged,
constructed, proportioned, and maintained to provide safe ascent and descent.
(2)
Guardrails or balustrades, at least 33 inches in height
above nosings and 36 inches in height above landings, shall be provided at
open portions of stairways.
(3)
Handrails shall be provided on at least one side of stairways.
(4)
Where stairways provide access to roofs by means of scuttles
or bulkhead doors, such scuttles or doors shall be readily openable from the
interior without the use of tools or keys.
G.
Fire escapes.
(1)
Fire escapes which serve as a secondary means of egress
shall be of material having the properties of ferrous metal, other than cast
iron, and conform to generally accepted standards. Fire escapes shall be maintained
free of encumbrances.
(2)
Access to fire escapes shall be through openable, unobstructed doors, or windows conforming to the requirements of windows for emergency exit in Subsection B(2) of this section.
(3)
In buildings more than three stories in height, fire
escapes shall continue to the roof, except when the slope of the roof exceeds
15°.
(4)
The lowest balcony shall be provided with a drop ladder
or counterbalanced stair, if it is more than five feet above the ground.
A.
Exterior artificial lighting shall be maintained in operating
condition.
B.
Multiple-dwelling premises.
(1)
Exterior artificial lighting shall be provided at night
to illuminate facilities used by pedestrians, including walks, driveways,
parking spaces, and entranceways to buildings.
(2)
Exterior artificial lighting shall be of an approved
type as to location and safety of installation.
(3)
Exterior artificial lighting at or near front entranceways
shall consist of at least one fixture with a lamp or lamps having a cumulative
wattage of at least 50 watts for a building with a frontage up to 25 feet.
Where the frontage is in excess of 25 feet, at least two fixtures with lamps
having a cumulative wattage of at least 100 watts shall be provided.
