The Village shall review all permit applications to determine whether proposed building sites will be reasonably safe from flooding. If a proposed building site is in a flood-prone area, all new construction and substantial improvements shall be designed and anchored to prevent floatation, collapse, or lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads; be constructed with flood-resistant materials; be constructed to minimize flood damages and to ensure that utility and mechanical equipment is designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the equipment during conditions of flooding. Subdivisions shall be reviewed for compliance with the above standards. All subdivision proposals (including mobile and manufactured home communities) shall include regional flood elevation and floodway data for any development that meets the subdivision definition of this Chapter and all other requirements in §
572-7A(2). Adequate drainage shall be provided to reduce exposure to flood hazards and all public utilities and facilities, such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems are located and constructed to minimize or eliminate flood damages.
A. Hydraulic and hydrologic analyses.
(1) No floodplain development shall:
(a)
Obstruct flow, defined as development which blocks the conveyance
of floodwaters by itself or with other development, causing any increase
in the regional flood height; or
(b)
Cause any increase in the regional flood height due to floodplain
storage area lost.
(2) The Zoning Administrator shall deny permits if it is determined the proposed development will obstruct flow or cause any increase in the regional flood height, based on the officially adopted FIRM or other adopted map, unless the provisions of §
572-8, Amendments, are met.
B. Watercourse alterations.
(1) No land use permit to alter or relocate a watercourse in a mapped floodplain shall be issued until the local official has notified in writing all adjacent municipalities, the Department and FEMA regional offices, and required the applicant to secure all necessary state and federal permits. The standards of §
572-2A must be met and the flood-carrying capacity of any altered or relocated watercourse shall be maintained.
(2) As soon as is practicable, but not later than six months after the date of the watercourse alteration or relocation and pursuant to §
572-8, Amendments, the community shall apply for a letter of map revision (LOMR) from FEMA. Any such alterations must be reviewed and approved by FEMA and the WDNR through the LOMC process.
C. Wisconsin Statutes §§ 30 and 31 development. Development which requires a permit from the Department, under Chs. 30 and 31, Wis. Stats., such as docks, piers, wharves, bridges, culverts, dams and navigational aids, may be allowed if the necessary permits are obtained and amendments to the floodplain zoning ordinance are made according to §
572-8, Amendments.
D. Public or private campgrounds. Public or private campgrounds shall
have a low flood damage potential and shall meet the following provisions:
(1) The campground is approved by the Department of Health Services;
(2) A land use permit for the campground is issued by the Zoning Administrator;
(3) The character of the river system and the campground elevation are
such that a seventy-two-hour warning of an impending flood can be
given to all campground occupants;
(4) There is an adequate flood warning procedure for the campground that
offers the minimum notice required under this Section to all persons
in the campground. This procedure shall include a written agreement
between the campground owner, the municipal emergency government coordinator
and the chief law enforcement official which specifies the flood elevation
at which evacuation shall occur, personnel responsible for monitoring
flood elevations, types of warning systems to be used and the procedures
for notifying at-risk parties, and the methods and personnel responsible
for conducting the evacuation;
(5) This agreement shall be for no more than one calendar year, at which time the agreement shall be reviewed and updated by the officials identified in Subsection
D(4) to remain in compliance with all applicable regulations, including those of the state Department of Safety and Professional Services and all other applicable regulations;
(6) Only camping units that are fully licensed, if required, and ready
for highway use are allowed;
(7) The camping units shall not occupy any site in the campground for
more than 180 consecutive days, at which time the camping unit must
be removed from the floodplain for a minimum of 24 hours;
(8) All camping units that remain on site for more than 30 days shall
be issued a limited authorization by the campground operator, a written
copy of which is kept on file at the campground. Such authorization
shall allow placement of a camping unit for a period not to exceed
180 days and shall ensure compliance with all the provisions of this
Section;
(9) The municipality shall monitor the limited authorizations issued
by the campground operator to assure compliance with the terms of
this Section;
(10)
All camping units that remain in place for more than 180 consecutive days must meet the applicable requirements in either §§
572-3,
572-4, or
572-5 for the Floodplain District in which the structure is located;
(11)
The campground shall have signs clearly posted at all entrances
warning of the flood hazard and the procedures for evacuation when
a flood warning is issued; and
(12)
All service facilities, including but not limited to refuse
collection, electrical service, gas lines, propane tanks, sewage systems
and wells shall be properly anchored and placed at or floodproofed
to the flood protection elevation.
Obstructions or increases may only be permitted if amendments are made to this Chapter, the official floodplain zoning maps, floodway lines, and water surface profiles, in accordance with §
572-8A. In AE Zones with a mapped floodway, no obstructions or increases shall be permitted unless the applicant receives a conditional letter of map revision from FEMA and amendments are made to this Chapter, the official floodplain zoning maps, floodway lines and water surface profiles, in accordance with §
572-8A. Any such alterations must be reviewed and approved by FEMA and the WDNR. In A Zones, increases equal to or greater than 1.0 foot may only be permitted if the applicant receives a conditional letter of map revision from FEMA and amendments are made to this Chapter, the official floodplain maps, floodway lines, and water surface profiles, in accordance with §
572-8A.
A. General. The Village Board shall change or supplement the floodplain zoning district boundaries and this Chapter in the manner outlined in §
572-8B below. Actions which require an amendment to the ordinance and/or submittal of a letter of map change (LOMC) include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) Any fill or floodway encroachment that obstructs flow causing any
increase in the regional flood height;
(2) Any change to the floodplain boundaries and/or watercourse alterations
on the FIRM;
(3) Any changes to any other officially adopted floodplain maps listed in §
572-1E(2)(b);
(4) Any floodplain fill which raises the elevation of the filled area
to a height at or above the flood protection elevation and is contiguous
to land lying outside the floodplain;
(5) Correction of discrepancies between the water surface profiles and
floodplain maps;
(6) Any upgrade to a floodplain zoning ordinance text required by § NR
116.05, Wis. Adm. Code, or otherwise required by law, or for changes
by the Village; and
(7) All channel relocations and changes to the maps to alter floodway
lines or to remove an area from the floodway or the flood-fringe that
is based on a base flood elevation from a FIRM requires prior approval
by FEMA.
B. Procedures. Ordinance amendments may be made upon petition of any party according to the provisions of § 62.23, Wis. Stats. The petitions shall include all data required by §
572-5D and §
572-7A(2). The land use permit shall not be issued until a letter of map revision is issued by FEMA for the proposed changes.
(1) The proposed amendment shall be referred to the Planning and Zoning
Commission for a public hearing and recommendation to the Village
Board. The amendment and notice of public hearing shall be submitted
to the Department Regional Office for review prior to the hearing.
The amendment procedure shall comply with the provisions of § 62.23,
Wis. Stats.
(2) No amendments shall become effective until reviewed and approved
by the Department.
(3) All persons petitioning for a map amendment that obstructs flow causing
any increase in the regional flood height shall obtain flooding easements
or other appropriate legal arrangements from all adversely affected
property owners and notify local units of government before the amendment
can be approved by the Village Board.
Unless specifically defined, words and phrases in this Chapter
shall have their common law meaning and shall be applied in accordance
with their common usage. Words used in the present tense include the
future, the singular number includes the plural and the plural number
includes the singular. The word "may" is permissive; "shall" is mandatory
and is not discretionary.
A ZONES
Those areas shown on the Official Floodplain Zoning Map which
would be inundated by the regional flood. These areas may be numbered
or unnumbered A Zones. The A Zones may or may not be reflective of
flood profiles, depending on the availability of data for a given
area.
ACCESSORY STRUCTURE OR USE
A facility, structure, building or use which is accessory
or incidental to the principal use of a property, structure or building.
AH ZONE
See "AREA OF SHALLOW FLOODING."
ALTERATION
An enhancement, upgrading or substantial change or modifications
other than an addition or repair to a dwelling or to electrical, plumbing,
heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and other systems within a
structure.
AO ZONE
See "AREA OF SHALLOW FLOODIN.".
AREA OF SHALLOW FLOODING
A designated AO, AH, AR/AO, AR/AH, or VO zone on a community's
Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) with a one-percent or greater annual
chance of flooding to an average depth of one to three feet where
a clearly defined channel does not exist, where the path of flooding
is unpredictable, and where velocity flood may be evident. Such flooding
is characterized by ponding or sheet flow.
BASE FLOOD
The flood having a one-percent chance of being equaled or
exceeded in any given year, as published by FEMA as part of a FIS
and depicted on a FIRM.
BASEMENT
Any enclosed area of a building having its floor subgrade,
i.e., below ground level, on all sides.
BULKHEAD LINE
A geographic line along a reach of navigable water that has
been adopted by a municipal ordinance and approved by the Department
pursuant to § 30.11, Wis. Stats., and which allows limited
filling between this bulkhead line and the original ordinary highwater
mark, except where such filling is prohibited by the floodway provisions
of this Chapter.
CAMPGROUND
Any parcel of land which is designed, maintained, intended
or used for the purpose of providing sites for nonpermanent overnight
use by four or more camping units, or which is advertised or represented
as a camping area.
CAMPING UNIT
Any portable device, no more than 400 square feet in area,
used as a temporary shelter, including but not limited to a camping
trailer, motor home, bus, van, pick-up truck, or tent that is fully
licensed, if required, and ready for highway use.
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
A certification that the construction and the use of land
or a building, the elevation of fill or the lowest floor of a structure
is in compliance with all of the provisions of this Chapter.
CHANNEL
A natural or artificial watercourse with definite bed and
banks to confine and conduct normal flow of water.
CRAWLWAYS or CRAWL SPACE
An enclosed area below the first usable floor of a building,
generally less than five feet in height, used for access to plumbing
and electrical utilities.
DECK
An unenclosed exterior structure that has no roof or sides,
but has a permeable floor which allows the infiltration of precipitation.
DEPARTMENT
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
DEVELOPMENT
Any artificial change to improved or unimproved real estate,
including, but not limited to, the construction of buildings, structures
or accessory structures; the construction of additions or alterations
to buildings, structures or accessory structures; the repair of any
damaged structure or the improvement or renovation of any structure,
regardless of percentage of damage or improvement; the placement of
buildings or structures; subdivision layout and site preparation;
mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling
operations; the storage, deposition or extraction of materials or
equipment; and the installation, repair or removal of public or private
sewage disposal systems or water supply facilities.
DRY FLOODPROOFED
A structure is made watertight below the level that needs
flood protection to prevent floodwaters from entering. Making the
structure watertight requires sealing the walls with waterproof coatings,
impermeable membranes, or a supplemental layer of masonry or concrete.
DRYLAND ACCESS
A vehicular access route which is above the regional flood
elevation and which connects land located in the floodplain to land
outside the floodplain, such as a road with its surface above regional
flood elevation and wide enough for wheeled rescue and relief vehicles.
ENCROACHMENT
Any fill, structure, equipment, use or development in the
floodway.
FLOOD FREQUENCY
The probability of a flood occurrence which is determined
from statistical analyses. The frequency of a particular flood event
is usually expressed as occurring on the average once in a specified
number of years or as a percent chance of occurring in any given year.
FLOOD HAZARD BOUNDARY MAP
A map designating approximate flood hazard areas. Flood hazard
areas are designated as unnumbered A Zones and do not contain floodway
lines or regional flood elevations. This map forms the basis for both
the regulatory and insurance aspects of the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP) until superseded by a Flood Insurance Study and a Flood
Insurance Rate Map.
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM)
A map of a community on which the Federal Insurance Administration
has delineated both the floodplain and the risk premium zones applicable
to the community. This map can only be amended by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency.
FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY
A technical engineering examination, evaluation, and determination
of the local flood hazard areas. It provides maps designating those
areas affected by the regional flood and provides both flood insurance
rate zones and base flood elevations and may provide floodway lines.
The flood hazard areas are designated as numbered and unnumbered A-Zones.
Flood insurance rate maps that accompany the flood insurance study
form the basis for both the regulatory and the insurance aspects of
the National Flood Insurance Program.
FLOOD or FLOODING
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete
inundation of normally dry land areas caused by one of the following
conditions:
A.
The overflow or rise of inland waters;
B.
The rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any
source;
C.
The inundation caused by waves or currents of water exceeding
anticipated cyclical levels along the shore of Lake Michigan or Lake
Superior; or
D.
The sudden increase caused by an unusually high-water level
in a natural body of water, accompanied by a severe storm, or by an
unanticipated force of nature, such as a seiche, or by some similarly
unusual event.
FLOOD PROFILE
A graph or a longitudinal profile line showing the relationship
of the water surface elevation of a flood event to locations of land
surface elevations along a stream or river.
FLOOD PROTECTION ELEVATION
An elevation of two feet of freeboard above the water surface
profile elevation designated for the regional flood. (Also see: FREEBOARD.)
FLOOD STORAGE
Those floodplain areas where storage of floodwaters has been
taken into account during analysis in reducing the regional flood
discharge.
FLOOD-FRINGE
That portion of the floodplain outside of the floodway which
is covered by floodwaters during the regional flood and associated
with standing water rather than flowing water.
FLOODPLAIN
Land which has been or may be covered by floodwater during
the regional flood. It includes the floodway and the flood-fringe,
and may include other designated floodplain areas for regulatory purposes.
FLOODPLAIN ISLAND
A natural geologic land formation within the floodplain that
is surrounded, but not covered, by floodwater during the regional
flood.
FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT
Policy and procedures to ensure wise use of floodplains,
including mapping and engineering, mitigation, education, and administration
and enforcement of floodplain regulations.
FLOODPROOFING
Any combination of structural provisions, changes or adjustments
to properties and structures, water and sanitary facilities and contents
of buildings subject to flooding, for the purpose of reducing or eliminating
flood damage.
FLOODWAY
The channel of a river or stream and those portions of the
floodplain adjoining the channel required to carry the regional flood
discharge.
FREEBOARD
A safety factor expressed in terms of a specified number
of feet above a calculated flood level. Freeboard compensates for
any factors that cause flood heights greater than those calculated,
including ice jams, debris accumulation, wave action, obstruction
of bridge openings and floodways, the effects of watershed urbanization,
loss of flood storage areas due to development and aggregation of
the river or stream bed.
HEARING NOTICE
Publication or posting meeting the requirements of Ch. 985,
Wis. Stats. For appeals, a Class 1 notice, published once at least
one week (seven days) before the hearing, is required. For all zoning
ordinances and amendments, a Class 2 notice, published twice, once
each week consecutively, the last at least a week (seven days) before
the hearing. Local ordinances or bylaws may require additional notice,
exceeding these minimums.
HIGH FLOOD DAMAGE POTENTIAL
Damage that could result from flooding that includes any
danger to life or health or any significant economic loss to a structure
or building and its contents.
HIGHEST ADJACENT GRADE
The highest natural elevation of the ground surface prior
to construction next to the proposed walls of a structure.
HISTORIC STRUCTURE
Any structure that is either:
A.
Listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places
or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as meeting
the requirements for individual listing on the National Register;
B.
Certified or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the
Interior as contributing to the historical significance of a registered
historic district or a district preliminarily determined by the Secretary
to qualify as a registered historic district;
C.
Individually listed on a state inventory of historic places
in states with historic preservation programs which have been approved
by the Secretary of the Interior; or
D.
Individually listed on a local inventory of historic places
in communities with historic preservation programs that have been
certified either by an approved state program, as determined by the
Secretary of the Interior; or by the Secretary of the Interior in
states without approved programs.
INCREASE IN REGIONAL FLOOD HEIGHT
A calculated upward rise in the regional flood elevation
greater than 0.00 foot, based on a comparison of existing conditions
and proposed conditions, which is directly attributable to development
in the floodplain but not attributable to manipulation of mathematical
variables such as roughness factors, expansion and contraction coefficients
and discharge.
LAND USE
Any nonstructural use made of unimproved or improved real
estate. (Also see DEVELOPMENT.)
LOWEST ADJACENT GRADE
Elevation of the lowest ground surface that touches any of
the exterior walls of a building.
LOWEST FLOOR
The lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area (including basement).
An unfinished or flood-resistant enclosure, usable solely for parking
of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement
area is not considered a building's lowest floor; provided that
such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation
of the applicable nonelevation design requirements of 44 CFR 60.3.
MAINTENANCE
The act or process of restoring to original soundness, including
redecorating, refinishing, nonstructural repairs, or the replacement
of existing fixtures, systems or equipment with equivalent fixtures,
systems or structures.
MANUFACTURED AND MOBILE HOME COMMUNITY OR SUBDIVISION, EXISTING
A parcel of land, divided into two or more manufactured and
mobile home lots for rent or sale, on which the construction of facilities
for servicing the lots is completed before the effective date of this
Chapter. At a minimum, this would include the installation of utilities,
the construction of streets and either final site grading or the pouring
of concrete pads.
MANUFACTURED AND MOBILE HOME COMMUNITY, EXPANSION TO EXISTING
The preparation of additional sites by the construction of
facilities for servicing the lots on which the manufactured and mobile
homes are to be affixed. This includes installation of utilities,
construction of streets and either final site grading or the pouring
of concrete pads.
MANUFACTURED HOME
A structure transportable in one or more sections, which
is built on a permanent chassis and is designed to be used with or
without a permanent foundation when connected to required utilities.
The term "manufactured home" includes a mobile home but does not include
a "mobile recreational vehicle."
MOBILE RECREATIONAL VEHICLE
A vehicle which is built on a single chassis, 400 square
feet or less when measured at the largest horizontal projection, designed
to be self-propelled, carried or permanently towable by a licensed,
light-duty vehicle, is licensed for highway use if registration is
required and is designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling,
but as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel
or seasonal use. Manufactured and mobile homes that are towed or carried
onto a parcel of land, but do not remain capable of being towed or
carried, including community model homes, do not fall within the definition
of "mobile recreational vehicles."
MODEL, CORRECTED EFFECTIVE
A hydraulic engineering model that corrects any errors that
occur in the duplicate effective model, adds any additional cross
sections to the duplicate effective model, or incorporates more detailed
topographic information than that used in the current effective model.
MODEL, EFFECTIVE
The hydraulic engineering model that was used to produce
the current effective flood insurance study.
MODEL, EXISTING (PRE-PROJECT)
A modification of the duplicate effective model or corrected
effective model to reflect any man-made modifications that have occurred
within the floodplain since the date of the effective model but prior
to the construction of the project for which the revision is being
requested. If no modification has occurred since the date of the effective
model, then this model would be identical to the corrected effective
model or duplicate effective model.
MODEL, REVISED (POST-PROJECT)
A modification of the existing or pre-project conditions
model, duplicate effective model or corrected effective model to reflect
revised or post-project conditions.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
For floodplain management purposes, "new construction" means
structures for which the start of construction commenced on or after
the effective date of floodplain zoning regulations adopted by this
community and includes any subsequent improvements to such structures.
For the purpose of determining flood insurance rates, it includes
any structures for which the "start of construction" commenced on
or after the effective date of an initial FIRM or after December 31,
1974, whichever is later, and includes any subsequent improvements
to such structures.
NONCONFORMING STRUCTURE
An existing lawful structure or building which is not in
conformity with the dimensional or structural requirements of this
Chapter for the area of the floodplain which it occupies. (For example,
an existing residential structure in the Flood-Fringe District is
a conforming use. However, if the lowest floor is lower than the flood
protection elevation, the structure is nonconforming.)
NONCONFORMING USE
An existing lawful use or accessory use of a structure or
building which is not in conformity with the provisions of this Chapter
for the area of the floodplain which it occupies. (Such as a residence
in the floodway.)
OBSTRUCTION TO FLOW
Any development which blocks the conveyance of floodwaters
such that this development alone or together with any future development
will cause an increase in regional flood height.
OPEN SPACE USE
Those uses having a relatively low flood damage potential
and not involving structures.
ORDINARY HIGHWATER MARK
The point on the bank or shore up to which the presence and
action of surface water is so continuous as to leave a distinctive
mark such as by erosion, destruction or prevention of terrestrial
vegetation, predominance of aquatic vegetation, or other easily recognized
characteristic.
PERSON
An individual, or group of individuals, corporation, partnership,
association, municipality or state agency.
PRIVATE SEWAGE SYSTEM
A sewage treatment and disposal system serving one structure
with a septic tank and soil absorption field located on the same parcel
as the structure. It also means an alternative sewage system approved
by the Department of Safety and Professional Services, including a
substitute for the septic tank or soil absorption field, a holding
tank, a system serving more than one structure or a system located
on a different parcel than the structure.
PUBLIC UTILITIES
Those utilities using underground or overhead transmission
lines such as electric, telephone and telegraph, and distribution
and collection systems such as water, sanitary sewer, and storm sewer.
REASONABLY SAFE FROM FLOODING
Means base floodwaters will not inundate the land or damage
structures to be removed from the floodplain and that any subsurface
waters related to the base flood will not damage existing or proposed
buildings.
REGIONAL FLOOD
A flood determined to be representative of large floods known
to have occurred in Wisconsin. A regional flood is a flood with a
one-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year,
and if depicted on the FIRM, the RFE is equivalent to the BFE.
START OF CONSTRUCTION
The date the building permit was issued, provided the actual
start of construction, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition,
placement, or other improvement was within 180 days of the permit
date. The actual start means either the first placement of permanent
construction on a site, such as the pouring of slab or footings, the
installation of piles, the construction of columns, or any work beyond
initial excavation, or the placement of a manufactured home on a foundation.
Permanent construction does not include land preparation, such as
clearing, grading and filling, nor does it include the installation
of streets and/or walkways, nor does it include excavation for a basement,
footings, piers or foundations or the erection of temporary forms,
nor does it include the installation on the property of accessory
buildings, such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units
or not part of the main structure. For an alteration, the actual start
of construction means the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor
or other structural part of a building, whether or not that alteration
affects the external dimensions of the building.
STRUCTURE
Any man-made object with form, shape and utility, either
permanently or temporarily attached to, placed upon or set into the
ground, stream bed or lake bed, including, but not limited to, roofed
and walled buildings, gas or liquid storage tanks, bridges, dams and
culverts.
SUBDIVISION
Has the meaning given in § 236.02(12), Wis. Stats.
SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE
Damage of any origin sustained by a structure, whereby the
cost of restoring the structure to its pre-damaged condition would
equal or exceed 50% of the equalized assessed value of the structure
before the damage occurred.
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT
Any repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition or improvement
of a building or structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50%
of the equalized assessed value of the structure before the improvement
or repair is started. If the structure has sustained substantial damage,
any repairs are considered substantial improvement regardless of the
work performed. The term does not, however, include either any project
for the improvement of a building required to correct existing health,
sanitary or safety code violations identified by the building official
and that are the minimum necessary to assure safe living conditions;
or any alteration of an historic structure provided that the alteration
will not preclude the structure's continued designation as an
historic structure.
UNNECESSARY HARDSHIP
Where special conditions affecting a particular property,
which were not self-created, have made strict conformity with restrictions
governing areas, setbacks, frontage, height or density unnecessarily
burdensome or unreasonable in light of the purposes of this Chapter.
VARIANCE
An authorization by the Board of Appeals for the construction
or maintenance of a building or structure in a manner which is inconsistent
with dimensional standards (not uses) contained in the floodplain
zoning ordinance.
VILLAGE
The Village of Rothschild, Marathon County, Wisconsin.
VIOLATION
The failure of a structure or other development to be fully
compliant with the floodplain zoning ordinance. A structure or other
development without required permits, lowest floor elevation documentation,
floodproofing certificates or required floodway encroachment calculations
is presumed to be in violation until such time as that documentation
is provided.
WATER SURFACE PROFILE
A graphical representation showing the elevation of the water
surface of a watercourse for each position along a reach of river
or stream at a certain flood flow. A water surface profile of the
regional flood is used in regulating floodplain areas.
WATERSHED
The entire region contributing runoff or surface water to
a watercourse or body of water.
WDNR
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
WELL
An excavation opening in the ground made by digging, boring,
drilling, driving or other methods, to obtain groundwater regardless
of its intended use.