The language set forth in the text of this chapter shall be
interpreted in accordance with the following rules of construction:
A.
Words used or defined in one tense or form shall include other tenses
or derivative forms.
B.
Words in the singular number shall include the plural number, and
words in the plural number shall include the singular number.
C.
The masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter. The feminine
gender shall include the masculine and neuter. The neuter gender shall
include the masculine and feminine.
D.
The word "person" includes individuals, firms, partnerships, joint
ventures, trusts, trustees, estates, corporations, associations and
any other similar entities.
E.
The word "lot" includes the words "plot," "tract," and "parcel."
F.
The words "shall," "must" and "will" are mandatory in nature and
establish an obligation or duty to comply with the particular provision.
The words "may" and "should" are permissive.
G.
The time within which any act required by this chapter is to be performed
shall be computed by excluding the first day and including the last
day. However, if the last day is a Saturday or Sunday or a holiday
declared by the United States Congress or the Pennsylvania General
Assembly, it shall also be excluded. The word "day" shall mean a calendar
day, unless otherwise indicated.
I.
References to officially adopted regulations, standards, or publications
of DEP or other governmental agencies shall include the regulation,
publication, or standard in effect on the date when an SWM site plan
is first filed. It is the intent of the City of Lancaster in enacting
this Section to incorporate such changes to statutes, regulations,
and publications to the extent authorized by 1 Pa.C.S.A. § 1937.
As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the
meanings indicated:
The removal of the surface of the land through the combined
action of man's activity and the natural processes at a rate
greater than would occur because of the natural process alone.
A right granted by a landowner to a grantee, allowing entry
for the purpose of inspecting, maintaining and repairing SWM facilities.
A plan prepared under the authority of Pennsylvania's
Storm Water Management Act of October 4, 1978.[1]
Activities associated with agriculture such as agricultural
cultivation, agricultural operation, and animal heavy use areas. This
includes the work of producing crops and raising livestock including
tillage, land clearing, plowing, disking, harrowing, planting, harvesting
crops, or pasturing and raising of livestock and installation of conservation
practices. Construction of new buildings or impervious areas is not
considered an agricultural activity.
As applied to land, a change in topography as a result of
the moving of soil and rock from one location or position to another;
also the changing of surface conditions by causing the surface to
be more or less impervious; earth disturbance activity.
Animal excreta and associated feed losses, bedding, litter,
or other materials.
A landowner and/or developer, as hereinafter defined, including
his heirs, successors and assigns, who has filed an application to
the City of Lancaster for approval to engage in any regulated activity
at a development site located within the City of Lancaster.
Activities, facilities, control measures, planning or procedures
used to minimize accelerated erosion and sedimentation and manage
stormwater to protect, maintain, reclaim, and restore the quality
of waters and the existing and designated uses of waters within this
commonwealth before, during and after earth disturbance activities.
See also "nonstructural BMP" and "structural BMP."
The Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual
of December 2006, or most recent version thereof.
Any structure which is enclosed and isolated by exterior
walls and roof, built or used for residential, commercial, industrial
or other public or private purposes, including accessory structures.
Where the context requires, the word "building" shall be construed
as if followed by the words "or part or parts thereof." For the purposes
of this chapter, each portion of a structure separated from other
portions by a fire wall shall be considered as a separate building.
(Per Lancaster City SALDO.)[2]
Limestone or dolomite bedrock. Carbonate geology is often
associated with karst topography.
Documentation verifying that all permanent SWM facilities
have been constructed according to the plans and specifications and
approved revisions thereto.
A reservoir or tank for storing rainwater.
The City of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, or its designee.
A professional engineer registered by the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania and employed or retained by the City and designated as
the City Engineer.
Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, P.L.
92-500 of 1972, 33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq.
Intermittent overflow or other untreated discharge from a
combined sewer system during periods of heavy precipitation or snowmelt.
A type of sewer system that collects sanitary sewage and
stormwater runoff in a single pipe system.
A plan written by an NRCS certified planner that identifies
Conservation Practices and includes site-specific BMPs for agricultural
plowing or tilling activities and animal heavy use areas.
Practices installed on agricultural lands to improve farmland,
soil and/or water quality which have been identified in a current
conservation plan.
The total area that contributes runoff to a given point of
discharge.
A structure with appurtenant works which can convey a stream
under or through an embankment or fill.
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection or
any agency successor to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection.
The magnitude and temporal distribution of precipitation
from a storm event measured in probability of occurrence (e.g., a
five-year storm) and duration (e.g., 24 hours), used in the design
and evaluation of SWM systems.
The amount of rainfall, based on the Design Storm Method described in § 260-303A, that can be captured and infiltrated in a particular BMP.
An impoundment structure designed to manage stormwater runoff
by temporarily storing the runoff and releasing it at a controlled
rate.
A person, partnership, association, corporation, or other
entity, including governmental or municipal agency or authority that
undertakes any regulated activity of this chapter.
The specific area of land where regulated activities in the
City of Lancaster are planned, conducted or maintained.
The Director of the Department of Public Works or her or
his designee.
A stream in an area underlain by limestone or dolomite that
flows underground for a portion of its length.
A land area where an earth disturbance activity is occurring
or has occurred.
See "contributory drainage area."
A geographic and hydrologic subunit of a watershed.
Rights to occupy and use another person's real property
for the installation and operation of stormwater management facilities,
or for the maintenance of natural drainage ways to preserve and maintain
a channel for the flow of stormwater therein, or to safeguard health,
safety, property, and facilities.
Erosion and sediment.
A site-specific plan consisting of both drawings and a narrative
that identifies BMPs to minimize accelerated erosion and sedimentation
before, during and after earth disturbance activities.
A construction or other human activity which disturbs the
surface of the land, including, but not limited to: clearing and grubbing;
grading; excavations; embankments; land development; agricultural
plowing or tilling; operation of animal heavy use areas; timber harvesting
activities; road maintenance activities; oil and gas activities; well
drilling; mineral extraction; building construction; and the moving,
depositing, stockpiling, or storing of soil, rock, or earth materials.
Slopes greater than 15%, shallow bedrock (located within
six feet of ground surface), wetlands, Natural Heritage Areas and
other areas designated as Conservation or Preservation in Greenscapes,
the Green Infrastructure Element of the County Comprehensive Plan,
where encroachment by land development or land disturbance results
in degradation of the natural resource.
The natural process by which the surface of the land is worn
away by water, wind, or chemical action. See also "accelerated erosion"
as defined above.
The dominant land cover during the five-year period immediately
preceding a proposed regulated activity.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency.
A general but temporary condition of partial or complete
inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of streams,
rivers, and other waters of the commonwealth.
That portion of the floodplain outside of the floodway.
Mapped as being a special flood hazard area. Also, the area
of inundation that functions as a storage or holding area for floodwater
to a width required to contain a base flood of which there is a 1%
chance of occurrence in any given year. The floodplain contains both
the floodway and the flood fringe.
Act of October 4, 1978, P.L. 851, No. 166, as amended 32
P.S. § 679.101 et seq.
That portion of the floodplain which is effective in carrying
flow, within which this carrying capacity must be preserved and where
the flood hazard is generally highest, i.e., where water depths and
velocities are the greatest. It is that area which provides for the
discharge of the base flood so the cumulative increase in water surface
elevation is no more than one foot.
Planning and activities necessary for the management of forest
land. These include conducting a timber inventory and preparation
of forest management plans, silvicultural treatment, cutting budgets,
logging road design and construction, timber harvesting, site preparation
and reforestation.
The probability or chance that a given storm event/flood
will be equaled or exceeded in a given year.
A plot of ground where herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables
are cultivated for personal use.
A slope, usually of a road, channel or natural ground specified
in percent and shown on plans as specified herein. To grade is to
finish the surface of a roadbed, top of embankment or bottom of excavation.
Small-scale stormwater management practices, nonstructural
techniques, and better site planning to mimic natural hydrologic runoff
characteristics and minimize the impact of development on water resources.
A manual of policies, procedures, rules, regulations and
guidelines related to the operation and implementation of the provisions
of this chapter promulgated from time to time by the Director and
posted on the City's publicly accessible website.
The process by which water from above the ground surface
is added to the saturated zone of an aquifer, either directly or indirectly.
Refers to soils grouped according to their runoff-producing
characteristics by NRCS. There are four runoff potential groups ranging
from A to D.
(Low runoff potential) Soils having high infiltration rates
even when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of deep, well-
to excessively drained sands or gravels. These soils have a high rate
of water transmission (greater than 0.30 inch/hour).
Soils having moderate infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted
and consisting chiefly of moderately deep to deep, moderately well-
to well-drained soils with moderately fine to moderately coarse textures.
These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission (from 0.15
to 0.30 inch/hour).
Soils having slow infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted
and consisting chiefly of soils with a layer that impedes downward
movement of water, or soils with moderately fine to fine texture.
These soils have a slow rate of water transmission (from 0.05 to 0.15
inch/hour).
(High runoff potential) Soils having very slow infiltration
rates when thoroughly wetted and consisting chiefly of clay soils
with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent high water
table, soils with a clay pan or clay layer at or near the surface,
and shallow soils over nearly impervious material. These soils have
a very slow rate of water transmission (from 0 to 0.05 inch/hour).
Surface which prevents or limits the infiltration of water
into the ground. Any structure, building, parking area, driveway,
road, street, sidewalk, patio, deck, and any area of concrete, asphalt,
pavement, compacted gravel, packed stone, stone, brick, tile, swimming
pool, or artificial turf, and highly compacted soil shall be considered
"impervious surface" if they prevent or limit infiltration. Impervious
surface also includes any area used by or for motor vehicles or heavy
commercial equipment, regardless of surface type or material, including
any road, road shoulder, driveway, or parking area.
Any impervious surface constructed as part of a regulated activity as defined in § 260-105.
A retention or detention facility designed to retain stormwater
runoff and infiltrate it into the ground (in the case of a retention
basin) or release it at a controlled rate (in the case of a detention
basin).
A structure designed to direct runoff into the ground (e.g.,
French drains, seepage pits, seepage trench, rain gardens, vegetated
swales, pervious paving, infiltration basins, etc.).
A surface connection to a closed drain. The upstream end
of any structure through which water may flow.
A natural, transient body or conveyance of water that exists
for a relatively long time, but for weeks or months of the year is
below the local water table and obtains its flow from both surface
runoff and groundwater discharges.
Plants which grow quickly and aggressively, spreading, and
displacing other plants. Invasives typically are introduced into a
region far from their native habitat. See "Invasive Plants in Pennsylvania"
by the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
A type of topography or landscape characterized by features
including but not limited to surface depressions, sinkholes, rock
pinnacles/uneven bedrock surface, underground drainage, and caves.
Karst is formed on carbonate rocks, such as limestone or dolomite.
Any of the following activities:
The improvement of one lot or two or more contiguous lots, tracts
or parcels of land for any purpose involving:
A group of two or more residential or nonresidential buildings,
whether proposed initially or cumulatively, or a single nonresidential
building on a lot or lots regardless of the number of occupants or
tenure; or
The division or allocation of land or space, whether initially
or cumulatively, between or among two or more existing or prospective
occupants by means of, or for the purpose of streets, common areas,
leaseholds, condominiums, building groups or other features.
Any subdivision of land.
Development in accordance with Section 503(1.1) of the Pennsylvania
Municipalities Planning Code.[3]
See "earth disturbance activity."
The legal or beneficial owner or owners of land including
the holder of an option or contract to purchase (whether or not such
option or contract is subject to any condition), a lessee if he is
authorized under the lease to exercise the rights of the landowner,
or other person having a proprietary interest in land.
The planting, configuration and maintenance of any combination
of trees, ground cover, shrubbery and other vegetative plant material.
See "project."
A rock formation, other stratum, or soil condition which
is so slowly permeable that it effectively limits downward passage
of effluent. Seasonal high water tables, whether perched or regional,
also constitute a limiting zone.
A linear feature in a landscape which is an expression of
an underlying geological structure such as a fault.
Site design approaches and small-scale stormwater management
practices that promote the use of natural systems for infiltration,
evapotranspiration, and reuse of rainwater. LID can be applied to
new development, urban retrofits, and revitalization projects. LID
utilizes design techniques that infiltrate, filter, evaporate, and
store runoff close to its source. Rather than rely on costly, large-scale
conveyance and treatment systems, LID addresses stormwater through
a variety of small, cost-effective landscape features located on site.
An equation for calculation of velocity of flow (e.g., feet
per second) and flow rate (e.g., cubic feet per second) in open channels
based upon channel shape, roughness, depth of flow and slope. Manning's
Equation assumes steady, gradually varied flow.
Applies when the applicant demonstrates to the City of Lancaster's
satisfaction that the performance standard is not achievable. The
applicant shall take into account the best available technology, cost
effectiveness, geographic features, and other competing interests
such as protection of human safety and welfare, protection of endangered
and threatened resources, and preservation of historic properties
in making the assertion that the performance standard cannot be met
and that a different means of control is appropriate.
The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act of 1968,
P.L. 805, No. 247, as reenacted and amended, 53 P.S. § 10101
et seq.
A conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with
drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters,
ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains), which is all of the
following:
Owned or operated by a state, city, town, borough, township,
county, district, association or other public body (created under
state law) having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial
wastes, stormwater or other wastes;
Designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater;
Not a combined sewer; and
Not part of a publicly owned treatment works as defined at 40
CFR § 122.2.
All separate storm sewers that are defined as "large" or
"medium" or "small" municipal separate storm sewer systems pursuant
to 40 CFR §§ 122.26(b)(18), or designated as regulated
under 40 CFR § 122.26(a)(1)(v).
The National system for the issuance of permits under section 402 of the Federal Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. § 1342) including a state or interstate program which has been approved in whole or in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), including the regulations codified in Pa. Code Chapter 92[4] (relating to National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System permitting, monitoring and compliance), and as specified in
Pa. Code Chapter 102.
Plant species that has traditionally inhabited or naturally
occurred in the Mid-Atlantic Region; not been introduced to the Mid-Atlantic
Region as a result of human activity, either intentional or accidental;
and has also been listed as a native in the Mid-Atlantic Region in
the United States Department of Agriculture's PLANTS Database.
An existing channel for water runoff that was formed by natural
processes.
Ground cover which mimics the infiltration characteristics
of predominant hydrologic soil group found at the site.
Planning and design approaches, operational and/or behavior-related
practices which minimize stormwater runoff generation resulting from
an alteration of the land surface or limit contact of pollutants with
stormwater runoff.
Any source of water pollution that does not meet the legal
definition of "point source" in Section 502(14) of the Clean Water
Act.[5]
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (previously Soil
Conservation Service, or SCS).
A drainage element in which stormwater flows with an open
surface. Open channels include, but shall not be limited to, natural
and man-made drainageways, swales, streams, ditches, canals, and pipes
flowing partly full. Open channels may include closed conduits so
long as the flow is not under pressure.
Point where water flows from a conduit, stream, pipe, or
drain.
25 Pa. Code, Chapter 102, Erosion and Sediment Control
25 Pa. Code, Chapter 106, Floodplain Management
See "combined sewer overflow."
The replacement of the entire existing pavement depth by
the placement of a similar, equivalent, increased or alternative pavement
structure. Reconstruction involves removing and replacing all or part
of the asphalt, concrete, or paver surface and aggregate base.
The maximum rate of stormwater runoff from a specific storm
event.
The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation or any agency
successor thereto.
Any material/surface that allows water to pass through at
a rate equal to or greater than natural ground cover.
A culvert, closed conduit, or similar structure (including
appurtenances) that conveys stormwater.
The Planning Commission of The City of Lancaster, Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania.
The SWM and erosion and sediment control plans and narratives.
Water that comes in contact with any raw material, product,
by-product, or waste during any production or industrial process.
Any regulated activity requiring review under this chapter.
LARGE PROJECTRegulated activities that create additional impervious area equal to or greater than 1,000 square feet or involve removal of ground cover, grading, filling or excavation of an area equal to or greater than 5,000 square feet.
SMALL PROJECTRegulated activities that, measured on a cumulative basis, create additional impervious areas of less than 1,000 square feet or involve removal of ground cover, grading, filling or excavation of an area less than 5,000 square feet and do not involve the alteration of stormwater facilities or watercourses.
VERY SMALL PROJECTRegulated activities that have negligible impervious coverage of less than or equal to 100 square feet measured in aggregate. Very small projects may include pads for trash receptacles, walkways, small patios and other nonvegetative landscape elements. Fence posts, tombstones, mailboxes, doghouses, portable outdoor grills, and lawn ornaments generally do not require permits.
The specific area of land where any regulated activities
in the City are planned, conducted, or maintained.
Any person licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of State
or otherwise qualified by law to perform the work required by this
chapter.
SWM controls used to manage the peak flows for the purposes
of channel protection and flood mitigation.
A rainfall-runoff relation used to estimate peak flow.
Any physical improvement to a previously developed lot that
involves earthmoving, removal, or addition of impervious surfaces.
A plan to manage stormwater runoff from an area larger than
a single development site. A regional stormwater management plan could
include two adjacent parcels, an entire watershed, or some defined
area in between, regional stormwater management plans can be prepared
for new development, or as a retrofit to manage runoff from already
developed areas.
Activities, including earth disturbance activities that involve
the alteration or development of land in a manner that may affect
stormwater runoff. Regulated activities shall include, but not be
limited to:
Land development subject to the requirements of the City of
Lancaster Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance;[6]
Removal of ground cover, grading, filling or excavation; replacing
existing impervious surface with new (reconstructed) impervious surface
such as repairs to parking lots, that require disturbing the stone
base of the parking lot;
Construction of new or reconstruction of existing impervious
or semi-impervious surfaces (driveways, parking lots, etc.), and associated
improvements;
Construction of new buildings or additions to existing buildings;
Installation or alteration of stormwater management facilities
and appurtenances thereto;
Diversion or piping of any watercourse;
Demolition or razing of all or a portion of an existing structure;
and,
Any other regulated activities where the City of Lancaster determines
that said activities may affect any existing watercourse's stormwater
management facilities, or stormwater drainage patterns.
For a specific design storm or list of design storms, the
percentage of peak flow rate for existing conditions which may not
be exceeded for the proposed conditions.
A graphical representation of the release rates for a specific
area.
A stormwater management facility that includes a permanent
pool for water quality treatment and additional capacity above the
permanent pool for temporary runoff storage.
Pertaining to a stream, river or other watercourse. Also,
plant communities occurring in association with any spring, lake,
river, stream or creek through which waters flow at least periodically.
A BMP that is an area of permanent vegetation along a watercourse.
A narrow strip of land, centered on a stream or river that
includes the floodplain as well as related riparian habitats adjacent
to the floodplain.
An easement created for the purpose of protecting and preserving
a riparian corridor.
A type of riparian buffer that consists of permanent vegetation
that is predominantly native trees, shrubs and forbs along a watercourse
that is maintained in a natural state or sustainably managed to protect
and enhance water quality, stabilize stream channels and banks, and
separate land use activities from surface waters.
Temporary ponding and gradual release of stormwater falling
directly onto roof surfaces by incorporating controlled-flow roof
drains into building designs.
Any part of precipitation that flows over the land surface.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service
(now known as NRCS).
Soils or other materials transported by stormwater as a product
of erosion.
A barrier, dam, retention or detention basin located and
designed to retain rock, sand, gravel, silt, or other material transported
by water.
The placement, discharge or any other introduction of sediment
into the waters of the Commonwealth occurring from the failure to
design, construct, implement or maintain control measures and control
facilities in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
The action or process of forming or depositing sediment in
waters of the commonwealth.
An area of excavated earth filled with loose stone or similar
coarse material, into which surface water is directed for infiltration
into the ground.
A surface which prevents some infiltration of water into
the ground.
A defined area of land, or catchment, which drains to a common
point.
Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even
layer, not concentrated in a channel.
See "project."
A storm having a frequency of recurrence of once every two
years or smaller.
See "hydrologic soil group."
A method of runoff computation developed by the SCS (now
NRCS) that is based on relating soil type and land use/cover to a
runoff parameter called "curve number" (CN). For more information,
see "Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds", Second edition, Technical
Release No. 55, SCS, June 1986 (or most current edition).
The Lancaster City Specifications and Guidelines Manual.
A volume above or below ground that is available to hold
stormwater.
A storm of a specific duration, intensity, and frequency.
A system of pipes and/or open channels designed to convey
stormwater.
Drainage runoff from the surface of the land resulting from
precipitation or snow or ice melt.
A reduction in stormwater management requirements necessary to meet the City's SWM Ordinance through to the use of non-structural BMPs to minimize and/or manage stormwater runoff. See § 260-305H(3) of this chapter and the latest edition of the City's GI Design Manual for more information. Note that this is different than a stormwater management fee credit.
Act of October 4, 1978, P.L. 864, No. 167, as amended 32
P.S. § 680.1 et seq. This stormwater act shall also be referred
to herein as Act 167.
See "BMPs."
Any structure, natural or man-made, that, due to its condition,
design, or construction, conveys, stores, infiltrates/evaporates/transpires,
cleans or otherwise affects stormwater runoff. Typical SWM facilities
include, but are not limited to, detention and retention basins, open
channels, watercourses, road gutters, swales, storm sewers, pipes,
BMPs, and infiltration structures.
A plan, including a narrative, to ensure proper functioning of the SWM facilities in accordance with Article VI of this chapter.
The Plan prepared by the applicant or his representative
indicating how stormwater runoff will be managed at a particular development
site according to this chapter.
A watercourse.
Physical devices and practices that capture and treat stormwater
runoff. Structural stormwater BMPs are permanent appurtenances to
the development site.
Any man-made object having an ascertainable stationary location
on or in land or water, whether or not affixed to the land.
The division or re-division of a single lot, tract or parcel
of land by any means into two or more lots, tracts, parcels or other
divisions of land, including changes in existing lot lines for the
purpose, whether immediate or future, of lease, partition by the court
for distribution to heirs or devises, transfer of ownership, or building,
or land development or as defined in the MPC.[9]
A low lying stretch of land which gathers or carries surface
water runoff.
Stormwater management.
A Stormwater management site plan.
See "forest management."
The time for surface runoff to travel from the hydraulically
most distant point of the watershed to a point of interest within
the watershed. This time is the combined total of overland flow time
and flow time in pipes or channels, if any, or the time needed for
water to flow from the most remote point in a watershed to the watershed
outlet.
First substantial break in slope between the edge of the
bed of the stream and the surrounding terrain. The top of stream bank
can either be a natural or constructed (that is, road or railroad
grade) feature, lying generally parallel to the watercourse.
The sequencing of structural best management practices to
achieve optimal flow management and pollutant removal from urban stormwater.
A supplement to Lancaster Trees Ordinance, Chapter 273, that outlines requirements for the planting of trees, the care and maintenance of existing trees, tree protection, and the preservation of trees within the City of Lancaster.
United States Department of Agriculture.
See "project."
SWM controls, or BMPs, used to remove a predetermined amount
of runoff or the increase in volume between the pre- and postdevelopment
design storm.
A channel or conveyance of surface water having defined bed
and banks, whether natural or artificial, with perennial or intermittent
flow.
Any and all rivers, streams, creeks, rivulets, impoundments,
ditches, watercourses, storm sewers, lakes, dammed water, wetlands,
ponds, springs, and all other bodies or channels of conveyance of
surface and underground water, or parts thereof, whether natural or
artificial, within or on the boundaries of Pennsylvania.
The entire region or area drained by a watercourse.
Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or
ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and
that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation
typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, including
swamps, marshes, bogs, fens, and similar areas.
Land predominantly covered with trees and shrubs. Without
limiting the foregoing, Woodlands include all land areas of 10,000
square feet or greater, supporting at least 100 trees per acre, so
that either:
[1]
Editor's Note: See 32 P.S. § 680.1 et seq.
[3]
Editor's Note: See 53 P.S. § 10503(1.1).
[4]
Editor's Note: Former 25 Pa. Code Ch. 92 was repealed effective 10-9-2010. See now 25 Pa. Code Ch. 92A.
[5]
Editor's Note: See 33 U.S.C. § 1362(4).
[7]
Editor's Note: See 35 P.S. § 691.1 et seq.
[8]
Editor's Note: See 33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq.
[9]
Editor's Note: See 53 P.S. § 10101 et seq.
