All materials used in the work shall conform to the requirements of these specifications, unless the same are altered by specific requirements under any itemized specification, or upon the Town Planning Board's approval of modifying notes shown upon the submitted plans. In the absence of specific references in these specifications to other standards, the material to be incorporated into any project and the work performed are to conform to the latest edition of the New York State Department of Transportation's Standard Specifications, as determined by the town's Engineer.
In order to assure the structural integrity of the subgrade and foundation course, the following general rules shall apply:
A. 
Underground utilities shall be constructed outside the pavement area.
B. 
Where crossover trenches are required for utility services, the trenches shall be backfilled with Item 203.07, Select Granular Fill, compacted in accordance with Section 203-3.15 of the Standard Specifications.
(1) 
Developers shall note that this requirement includes crossovers for gas mains and other utilities and services.
(2) 
All utility crossings shall be installed prior to the installation of any stone base.
(3) 
All utility lines crossing the roadway shall have a minimum of twenty-four-inch cover from the finished grade to the crown of the utility conduit; this includes service laterals, gas, electric, and cable television.
C. 
After properly shaping and obtaining approval of the subgrade from the town inspector, the foundation course may be placed. Refer to § 183-36 (Inspection) of these specifications for further detail.
D. 
Foundation courses for permanent roads must not be used for access roads in wet weather, or at such times when the subgrade could become pumped into the foundation course.
E. 
Where pavements must be placed on an embankment, the entire embankment must be constructed as required by the appropriate provisions of Section 203 of the Standard Specifications. If required by the Town Highway Superintendent or the town inspector, the developer and/or contractor shall provide results of certified compaction tests undertaken by a competent soils testing laboratory approved by the town's Engineer.
All excavated or grubbed material shall be reused or disposed of as provided for in Section 203 of the Standard Specifications or the appropriate town ordinance.
A. 
Work. The contractor shall construct the roadway foundation to the designed subgrade elevation. The subgrade width shall be 12 inches wider on each side than the pavement and gutter width as shown on the typical road section.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See the diagrams included at the end of this chapter.
B. 
Once graded and rolled, the subgrade shall be inspected by the Town Highway Superintendent or the town inspector for elevation, alignment, and stability. The contractor shall make available at the time of inspection the following items: a transit, the grading hubs used for roadway construction and a local benchmark. Any unsuitable material found below subgrade shall be removed and replaced as directed by the town inspector. If the fine grade becomes rutted, it shall be regraded and rolled prior to placement of the base.
[Amended 12-16-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
C. 
If any unstable or unsuitable subgrade soils are encountered, they shall be removed and replaced as follows:
(1) 
The entire soft area shall be undercut to an adequate depth and width as determined by the Town Highway Superintendent to provide a firm surface.
[Amended 12-16-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
(2) 
Mirafi 600x geotextile fabric shall then be laid into the undercut area overlapping two feet onto non-undercut area on each side.
(3) 
The undercut area shall be carefully backfilled and compacted in six-inch lifts with backfill material approved by the town's Engineer.
(4) 
Mirafi 600x can be substituted only with an approved equal meeting or exceeding a Mullen Burst test of 600 psi or greater.
A. 
Work. The contractor shall furnish and put in place a minimum of 12 inches base of Item 304.03, Subbase Course Type 2, as shown on the typical standard road section. Lifts shall be thoroughly compacted by mechanical methods prior to acceptance by the town.
B. 
Method. The subbase shall be placed on a graded, crowned, and compacted subgrade, free of ruts and disturbed earth as follows:
(1) 
Where underdrains are required, as shown on the typical sections, after proper rolling and grading of the subgrade, the three-foot-wide by twelve-inch-deep underdrain wedge shall have four-inch diameter perforated PVC underdrain pipe installed into the channel invert continuously. The four-inch underdrain pipe will be connected by appropriate couplings. Ends of the underdrain shall be connected to drop inlet weep holes and protrude two to three inches beyond the inner wall.
(2) 
The subbase material shall be placed and graded, maintaining the specified crown and compacted as required under Section 203-3.12 of the Standard Specifications.
(3) 
The surface of the subbase shall be placed and graded to conform to the lines and grades as shown on the typical road section. All depressions and/or boney areas shall be brought to grade and/or choked with No. 1 and No. 1A aggregate. The material shall then be rolled thoroughly from the gutter to the center line.
C. 
Special care should be given during this operation not to harm the concrete gutters (i.e., scraping with grader blade or hitting with roller wheels). Special attention should also be given to obtaining good compaction next to the gutter. Use of a plate tamper along the gutter line shall be required.
A. 
Work. The contractor shall furnish and construct bituminous concrete pavement, installed in compliance with the required thickness and cross section(s) as shown on the approved plans and on the typical road section, and as further described in these specifications.
B. 
Material. The materials shall conform to the latest revision of Section 400 of the NYSDOT Standard Specifications. Upon request, the contractor shall submit to the town's Engineer (in writing) the source of the materials and provide a written description of the material to be used, including size and percentages of the aggregate and asphalt. The town's Engineer reserves the right to modify the percentages of the aggregates to be used.
C. 
Method. Asphalt concrete pavement shall be installed in accordance with Section 400 of the Standard Specifications. Prior to commencing the installation of the asphalt pavement, the subbase shall be graded and compacted between the concrete gutters; this shall be performed to provide sufficient vertical clearance between the top of the gutter and the compacted subbase stone to allow placement of the specified thickness of asphalt pavement. Concrete gutters will be completely backfilled and shall have seven curing days prior to paving. The asphalt pavement shall be placed in the number of courses shown on the typical sections. If the top course is applied to a road section where houses, buildings or other structures are still under construction or future, abutting subdivision sections have no other feasible construction access, the developer shall be responsible for the integrity of the top course surface. The town will, at the time of dedication of the roadway, hold the ten-percent contingency figure for the road section as an owner's guaranty until all houses within the subdivision section are completed or other construction access for future sections is provided.
D. 
Before applying the top wearing course, the following will be met:
(1) 
Any cracked or deteriorated gutters shall be removed and repoured as described in Article III of these specifications.
(2) 
Any dips or deteriorated pavement shall be cut out, base checked and/or removed, base reinstalled and compacted, and binder reinstalled.
(3) 
The binder surface shall be thoroughly cleaned as required by the Standard Specifications and the town's Engineer. Broom sweeping or other methods of cleaning may not be sufficient and flushing with water may be required by the Town Highway Superintendent or town inspector. All water for flushing shall be provided by the contractor (or developer) at his own expense.
(4) 
A tack coat of asphalt emulsion NYSDOT material 702-09 will be required to be applied at a rate of 0.02 to 0.10 gallons per square yard, where deemed necessary by the Town Highway Superintendent or town's Engineer.
E. 
The final top course shall be finished level with or slightly above (maximum 1/4 inch) the concrete gutters; at no time shall it be below.
F. 
Protection of all new pavement shall be provided until the asphalt has properly set. This protection is necessary on new roads where the traffic is largely comprised of cars starting and stopping or by heavy trucks.
G. 
The construction season for asphalt concrete shall be as required by Section 401-3.01 of the Standard Specifications. Any exceptions to this specification must be authorized by the Town Highway Superintendent or town's Engineer.