City of Roseville, MI Off-Street Parking Standards

Required off-street parking for single- and two-family dwellings may be provided in a stacking configuration in a driveway or garage, or combination thereof.

Required off-street parking for all other uses shall consist of an unencumbered parking stall or strip, parking bay, vehicle maneuvering space, driveway or garage, or combination thereof. All residential parking shall be located on the premises it is intended to serve. Parking garages or structures, when accessory to a principal use, shall be subject to the applicable provisions of § 370-100, Accessory uses, in this chapter.

Minimum required off-street parking spaces shall not be replaced by any other use unless and until equal parking facilities are provided elsewhere.

Off-street parking, existing on the effective date of this chapter, used in connection with the operation of an existing building or use, shall not be reduced to an amount less than hereinafter required for a similar new building or new use. Any permitted expansion, alteration or change of use which increases the required number of parking spaces shall require a corresponding increase in the number of spaces provided, subject to appropriate review and approval requirements.

Two or more buildings or uses may collectively provide the required off-street parking, in which case the required number of parking spaces shall not be less than the sum of the requirements for the several individual uses computed separately.

In the instance of dual function of off-street parking spaces, where operating hours of buildings do not overlap, the Planning Commission may grant an exception to the requirements of § 370-76 of this article.

The sale, renting, leasing or storage of any construction trailers, merchandise or motor vehicles, or trailers for sale or rent, or the repair of vehicles, is prohibited on off-street parking lots, except where law permits the sale of vehicles in an off-street parking lot owned by the owner of the vehicle that is for sale.

For those uses not specifically mentioned, the requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be in accord with a use that the Building Official considers to be similar in type.

When units or measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in the requirement of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including 1/2 shall be disregarded and fractions over 1/2 shall require one parking space.

For the purpose of computing the number of parking spaces required, the applicable definition of usable floor area (floor area, usable), as defined in Article II, Word Usage; Definitions, in this chapter shall apply.

Wherever the City Council shall establish off-street parking facilities by means of a special assessment district or by any other means, the City Council may determine, upon completion and acceptance of such off-street parking facilities by the City Council, that all existing buildings and uses and all buildings erected or uses established thereafter within the special assessment district or districts may be exempt from the requirements of this article for privately supplied off-street parking facilities.

The minimum number of off-street parking spaces by type of use shall be determined in accordance with the numerical off-street parking and vehicle stacking space requirements of § 370-76 of this article.

Bicycling parking reduction. A reduction in the number of off-street parking spaces required by § 370-76 (excluding parking spaces for persons with disabilities) shall be permitted for the provision of bicycle parking in the B-1, B-2, B-3, and OS Districts, provided that:

No fee is required for using the bicycle parking made available.

When calculation of the maximum number of reduced parking spaces results in a fraction, the resulting number shall be rounded to the next highest number.

The reduction in the number of automobile parking spaces shall be reduced by no more than one space for each bicycle parking space, but by no more than 15% of the total required spaces.

(4)

Bicycle racks shall be located at least as close to the building entrance as to the nearest parking space (excluding accessible parking spaces).

(5)

Bicycle spaces shall meet the minimum federal highway standard noted below:

General parking reduction. To request a waiver of reduction of up to 20% of the full parking requirements of § 370-76, an applicant must submit evidence to demonstrate that the waiver or reduction does not result in any unnecessary hardship on surrounding properties, businesses, and residences, and meets all of the criteria listed in § 370-77. A public hearing shall be held in accordance with Section § 370-140 of this chapter.

The Planning Commission may approve such waiver or reduction upon finding that such waiver or reduction does not result in any unnecessary hardship on surrounding properties, businesses, and residences, and meets all of the criteria listed in Article XX.

An applicant may request a reduction in parking requirements pursuant to § 370-76, provided that certain findings are met. If the applicant is unable to meet these findings, a variance is required.

Although not necessary, an applicant may elect to apply for a reduction in parking requirements for projects located in Business and Office Districts. This application is not applicable for projects located in zoning districts other than B-1, B-2, B-3, and OS.

(4)

In approving a reduction in off-street parking requirements authorized by this Code, the Planning Commission shall consider and apply the following criteria:

The reduction in the parking requirement is justified by the reasonably anticipated automobile usage by residents of and visitors to the project;

The reduction in the parking requirement will not be detrimental to the health, safety, convenience, or general welfare of persons residing in or working in the vicinity;

(c)

The minimization of conflict of vehicular and pedestrian movements;

(d)

The availability of transportation modes other than the automobile;

(e)

The pattern of land use and character of development in the vicinity; and

(f)

Such other criteria as the Planning Commission deems appropriate in the circumstances of the particular case.

(5)

Pertaining to parking tradeoffs, a growing trend has been to facilitate and encourage the use of electric vehicles and to expedite the establishment of a convenient, cost-effective electric vehicle infrastructure that such use necessitates. For all nonresidential areas:

"Electric vehicle" means any vehicle that is licensed and registered for operation on public and private highways, roads, and streets; either partially or exclusively, on electrical energy from the grid, or an off-board source, that is stored on-board via a battery for motive purpose. "Electric vehicle" includes:

[1]

A battery electric vehicle; and

[2]

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.

In order to proactively plan for and accommodate the anticipated future growth in market demand for electric vehicles, it is strongly encouraged, but not required, that all new and expanded nonresidential development parking areas provide the electrical capacity necessary to accommodate the future hardwire installation of Level-2 electric vehicle charging stations. It is recommended that a typical parking lot (e.g., 1,000 or fewer parking spaces) have a minimum ratio of 2% of the total parking spaces be prepared for such stations. (The following definitions would have to be included if adopted: "Level-1" is considered slow charging: voltage including the range from zero through 120. "Level-2" is considered medium charging: voltage is greater than 120 and includes 240. "Level-3" is considered fast or rapid charging: voltage is greater than 240.)

(c)

It is noted and understood that large-sized parking may require fewer electric vehicle charging stations than recommended above to accommodate the anticipated market demand.

(6)

Pertaining to parking in side or rear lots only, we suggest the following language for all nonresidential areas identified on the Future Land Use Map as Town Center Overlay District:

Parking lots shall be placed in rear and/or interior side yards.

Parking spaces shall not be located within five feet of a right-of-way.

(c)

Rear yard setbacks are not required, provided that dimensional requirements for screen walls are accommodated.

(d)

New drives shall not be sited directly adjacent to an existing driveway.

(e)

Any area not required for parking shall be landscaped.

§ 370-76 Off-street parking and vehicle stacking space requirements.

[Amended 7-22-2008 by Ord. No. 1213]

Minimum off-street parking requirements are as follows:

	Use	Minimum Number of Parking Spaces Per Unit of Measure
	Residential
	One- and two-family	Two for each dwelling unit.
	Multiple-family	Two for each dwelling unit, plus 0.5 space for each additional bedroom over two, plus one visitor parking space for every 10 parking spaces.
	Housing for the elderly	Two for every three units, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift. Should units revert to general occupancy, the requirements for multiple-family housing shall apply.
	Adult foster care family home for up to six adults	Two for each dwelling unit, plus one off-street parking space for each caregiver.
	Child-care center or day-care center for children	One off-street parking space for each caregiver, plus one space for each 10 children in the facility.
	Child-care institution	One off-street parking space for each caregiver, plus one space for each 10 children in the facility.
	Dependent day-care center for adults	One off-street parking space for each caregiver, plus one space for each 10 adults in the facility.
	Elderly Day Care	One off-street parking space for each caregiver plus one space for each six adults in the facility.
	Foster family home or foster family group home for up to six children	Two for each dwelling unit, plus one off-street parking space for each caregiver.
	Family child-care home or group child-care home for children	Two for each dwelling unit, plus one off-street parking space for each caregiver.
	Institutional
	Place of worship	One for every three seats or persons permitted to capacity as regulated by local or state fire codes, or one for every six feet of pews in the main unit of worship, whichever is the greater number.
	Fraternity or sorority	One for every five active members or one for every two beds, whichever is the greater number.
	Group home	One for each employee in the largest working shift, plus one for every five resident occupants.
	Foster care facilities	One for each two residents plus one for each employee.
	Golf courses open to the general public, except miniature or "par-3" courses	Six for each golf hole and one for each employee plus spaces required for each accessory use, such as a restaurant or bar.
	Homes for the aged, infirm and convalescent homes	One for every four beds, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift.
	Hospitals	Two for each bed, plus, when outpatient services are provided, either within the hospital or as a detached adjunct to the hospital, the requirements for the professional offices of doctors or dentists and other similar professions shall apply.
	Library, museum	One for every 150 square feet of usable floor area.
	Nursery school or day-care center	One for each staff person in the largest working shift, plus one space for every 10 cared-for occupant, plus off-street driveway stacking space for not less than four vehicles.
	Post office	One for every 150 square feet of usable floor area, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift.
	Private clubs or lodge halls	One for every three persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load as established by local, county or state fire, building or health codes.
	Private golf clubs, swimming pool clubs, tennis clubs or other	One for every two member families or individuals, plus spaces required for each accessory use, such as a restaurant, bar or similar use.
	Schools, elementary and junior high (middle)	One for each employee (teacher, administrator, or other employee), or the requirements of the auditorium, whichever is the greater number.
	School, senior high	One for each employee (teacher, administrator, or other employee), plus one for every 10 students, or the requirements of the auditorium, whichever is the greater number.
	Stadium, sports arena, or other similar place of outdoor assembly	One for every four seats, or seven feet of bench length, whichever is the greater number.
	Theaters and auditoriums	One for every four seats, or 55 square feet of floor area in an assembly room without fixed seats, whichever is the greater number, plus one for every two employees in the largest working shift.
	Offices
	Banks	One space for every 150 square feet of usable floor area, plus any required vehicle stacking space as set forth in this section.
	Business offices or professional offices except as indicated in the following item	One for each 200 square feet of usable floor space.
	Professional offices of doctors or dentists or similar profession	Three for each examining room, treatment room, dental chair, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift
	Federal, state or local offices providing services such as, but not limited to, social security and employment security offices, Secretary of State offices for licensing, etc.	One for every 75 square feet of usable floor area.
	Business and commercial
	Appliance center (major)	One for every 200 square feet of usable floor area.
	Arcade	One for each game device or machine.
	Automobile wash (automatic)	One for each employee, plus vehicle stacking space as required herein.
	Automobile wash (self-service or coin-operated)	One space, plus vehicle stacking spaces as required herein.
	Beauty parlor, barber shop, nail or tanning salon	Two spaces for each work station chair, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift.
	Billiard hall	Three for each table, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift, plus accessory uses.
	Bowling alley	Five for each bowling lane plus spaces required for each accessory use such as a restaurant, bar or billiard parlor.
	Dance hall or roller skating rink	One for every 200 square feet of floor area used for dancing or skating, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift, plus accessory uses
	Dry cleaning pickup	Four spaces.
	Exhibition or assembly hall	One for every 45 square feet of exhibition or assembly hall floor area, plus one for each employee in the largest working shift, plus accessory uses.
	Furniture and neighborhood appliance store, household equipment, repair shops, show room of a plumber, decorator, electrician, shoe repair, and other similar uses	One for every 800 square feet of floor area. (For floor area used in processing, one additional space shall be provided for each person employed therein).
	Gasoline service or filling station	Two for each stall, rack, or pit, plus one parking space for each employee in the largest work shift, plus one space for each 150 square feet of usable floor space in any retail store area, plus vehicle stacking space as required in this section.
	Laundromats and coin-operated dry-cleaning machines	One for each two washing and/or dry-cleaning.
	Miniature or "par-3" golf courses	One for each hole, plus one for each employee.
	Mortuary establishments	One for every 50 square feet of usable floor area.
	Motel, hotel, or other commercial lodging establishments	One for each occupancy unit, plus one for each one employee in the largest working shift, plus 1/2 the requirement for accessory uses.
	Motor vehicle sales and service establishments	One for each 200 square feet of usable floor space in the sales room, plus two for each auto mechanical service stall, and one for each employee in the largest working shift.
	New planned commercial or shopping center, wherein the occupants of the center are unknown at the time of site plan approval	One for every 150 square feet of usable floor area for the first 20,000 square feet, plus one for every 200 square feet of usable floor area over 20,000 to 400,000 square feet of usable floor area, plus one for every 250 square feet of usable floor area over 400,000 square feet.
	Restaurant (sit-down)	One for every two seats in a restaurant, bar, lounge or tavern, plus one for every employee in the largest working shift.
	Restaurant (fast-food sit-down)	One space for every two seats, plus one space for every employee in the largest working shift, plus vehicle stacking spaces as set forth herein.
	Restaurant, fast-food (carry-out only)	One space for every 35 square feet of usable floor area, plus vehicle stacking space as set forth herein.
	Retail stores except as otherwise specified herein	One for every 150 square feet of usable floor area.
	Video store	One for every 125 square feet of usable floor area.
	Industrial
	Industrial or research establishments and related accessory offices	Five plus one for every 1 1/2 employees in the largest working shift, or five plus one every 350 square feet of usable floor area, whichever is the greater; provided, however, that where the latter shall exceed the former, only the former need to be installed at the time of initial occupancy. The remainder shall be held in reserve and improved as needed, or as determined by the Building Department. All such reserved parking area shall be so designated on the officially approved building plans. Graveled space on site shall also be provided for all construction workers during periods of construction.
	Medical marihuana cultivation operation [Added 4-13-2021 by Ord. No. 1321]	Six parking spaces per caregiver operation.
	Warehouses and wholesale establishments and related accessory offices	Five plus one for every one employee in the largest working shift, or five plus one for every 1,700 square feet of usable floor space, whichever is the greater. Gravel space on site shall be provided for all construction workers during periods of construction.

Vehicle stacking spaces. In addition to the numerical off-street parking requirements of this section, wherever an accessory drive-up or drive-through window service is provided, vehicle stacking shall be provided. Each vehicle stacking space shall be eight feet wide by 18 feet long and shall be located independently of any parking space, vehicle maneuvering lane or loading, unloading area. The following standards shall apply:

	Use	Minimum Number of Vehicle Stacking Spaces Per Unit of Measure
	Automatic car wash	Five times the maximum capacity of the auto wash. "Maximum capacity of the auto wash" shall mean the greatest number of automobiles possible undergoing some phase of washing at the same time, which shall be determined by dividing the length in feet of each wash line by 20.
	Automobile wash (self-service)	Three for each wash stall.
	Automobile wash (coin-operated)	Three for each wash stall.
	Banks, savings and loan, credit unions, ATM station and the like	Five for each window or teller machine.
	Fast food and fast food carry-out	10 spaces.
	Gasoline station* see diagrams below	When more than one pump is placed on a common pump island, 1/2 vehicle stacking space per fueling terminal. When a single pump is placed on one pump island, one vehicle stacking space per fueling terminal. Each fueling space and each stacking space shall be 18 feet long by eight feet wide. When more than one pump is placed on a common pump island as in the first instance below, a ten-foot-wide vehicle pass-through lane shall be provided between vehicle fueling spaces. When only one pump shall be placed on a pump island as in the second instance below, a vehicle pass-through lane is not required. Vehicle stacking space for each fueling terminal shall be placed as close to the fueling terminal as possible without diminishing traffic circulation within the site, or blocking access to any other vehicle fueling terminal, off-street parking space, other stacking space or loading, unloading area, and no vehicle parking space, fueling space, stacking space, or maneuvering lane shall block or otherwise encumber in any way clear access to any vehicle entry or exit driveways, or other vehicle circulation lanes or service areas.
	Other drive-up or drive-through facilities	Four spaces.

§ 370-77 Off-street parking space layout standards.

Whenever the off-street parking requirements set forth in §§ 370-75 and 370-76 of this Zoning Code shall require the establishment of an off-street parking lot, or where P-1 Vehicular Parking Districts are provided, such off-street parking lots shall be laid out, constructed and maintained in strict accordance with the following standards and regulations.

No parking lot shall be constructed, or an existing parking lot improved, unless and until a permit has been issued by the Engineering Department. Applications for a permit shall be submitted to the Building Department in such form as may be determined by the Building Department and shall be accompanied by five sets of site plans for the development and construction of the parking lot showing that the provisions of this section have been fully complied with.

Plans for the layout of off-street parking facilities shall be in accordance with the minimum dimensional requirements depicted in this section.

Parking Pattern	Maneuvering Lane Width (feet)	Parking Space Width	Parking Space Length (feet)	Total Width of One-Tier Spaces Plus Maneuvering Lane	Total Width of Two-Tier Spaces Plus Maneuvering Lane (feet)
0°	12	8 feet	23	20 feet	28
30° to 53°	12	8 feet 6 inches	19	31 feet	50
54° to 74°	15	8 feet 6 inches	19	35 feet 6 inches	56
75° to 90°	22	9 feet	19	41 feet	60

Except for single-family and two-family residential uses, adequate lighting shall be provided throughout nighttime hours when the parking area is in operation. All lighting shall conform to the requirements of § 370-102, Exterior site lighting, in this Zoning Code.

Except for single- and two-family residential uses, all spaces shall be provided adequate access by means of maneuvering lanes. Backing directly into a street from an off-street parking space shall be prohibited. Backing directly from an off-street parking space into an alley right-of-way is permitted, provided the alley is hard surfaced, is in good repair and the width of the alley right-of-way is sufficient to meet the applicable vehicle maneuvering lane width requirements.

Adequate ingress and egress to a parking lot, parking deck, or to a private garage shall be by means of a clearly defined drive or drives, and shall be designed to applicable local, county or state guidelines.

Each entrance and exit to and from any off-street parking lot in a nonresidential zoning district shall be located at least 25 feet from any residential zoning district, and no required vehicle turning radius extending from the edge of the driveway nearest the property line into the right-of-way shall intersect the street pavement edge beyond the property's side lot line.

All interior and abutting streets shall have rights-of-way of a sufficient width to accommodate the vehicular traffic generated by the uses permitted in the district or adequate provision shall be made at the time of the approval of the parking plan for such sufficient width of rights-of-way. The right-of-way provided to satisfy this condition shall conform to the right-of-way standards set forth in the City's Master Plan.

Except for single-family residential uses, all hard-surfaced parking areas shall be constructed with concrete curbs and gutters.

Off-street parking areas shall be drained so as to dispose of all surface water accumulated in the parking area in such a way as to preclude drainage onto adjacent property or toward buildings.

All required parking spaces, drives, driveways and aisles shall be pervious or impervious hard-surfaced concrete or hot mix asphalt and constructed to specifications approved by the City Engineer. One- and two-family parking spaces shall meet the applicable requirements of the Michigan Residential Code. The parking area shall be hard surfaced before a certificate of occupancy will be issued.

[Amended 4-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1241]

Except for parallel parking, when the front of a parking space abuts a raised curb of a private or other curbed on-site pavement that is not less than seven feet in width, or a landscaped area that is protected in an acceptable manner as outlined in Subsection L of this section, the minimum required length of the parking space may be reduced by up to two feet.

Wherever the front of an off-street parking space shall abut a screen wall structure, or planting screen, or landscaped lawn panel, the screening device and the lawn panel shall be protected from vehicles by a two-foot-wide concrete ribbon extending along the front of the parking space, measured from the back edge of the raised curb, or by wheel stops placed in the parking stall, or by other means satisfactory to the City.

Maneuvering lanes serving angle parking shall permit one-way traffic movements only. Lanes serving right-angle parking shall permit two-way movement. The mixing of one- and two-way movements within a parking lot shall be permitted only under exceptional circumstances and only after review and approval of the layout by the City.

The City may require the joining of parking lots of separate uses on separate properties in the interest of reducing the number of curb cuts into a public street and to facilitate movement between sites.

All parking spaces shall be clearly striped with lines at least four inches in width.

Except for single-family and two-family uses, all parking spaces shall have access from clearly limited and defined driveways not less than 12 feet wide for a one-way drive and 22 feet wide for a two-way drive.

Access to a parking lot lying in an area zoned for multiple-family residential use shall not be across property zoned for single-family residential use. Likewise, access to a parking lot in a nonresidential zoning district shall not be across land in a residential zoning district.

Access to a parking lot from a local residential street, as so designated on the City's Master Plan, shall be prohibited, except as may otherwise be permitted in § 370-106, Access to major thoroughfares, in this chapter.

The off-street parking area of any nonresidential use permitted in a residential district shall be screened by a continuous and obscuring wall or landscaped earth berm, the height of which shall not be less than four feet six inches measured from the surface of the parking area. The wall or berm shall be provided on all sides where the next zoning district is a residential district and shall contain materials and be constructed to the standards of Article XXII, Screening Devices and Landscaping, in this chapter.

When a landscape setback is required between an off-street parking space and any property line or street right-of-way line, the area shall be kept free of refuse and debris and shall be landscaped in accordance with the applicable guidelines set forth in Article XXII, Screening Devices and Landscaping, in this chapter.

PARKING LAYOUT STANDARDS

The required number, size, spacing and layout of handicapped parking spaces shall be determined by state rules and regulations.

Parallel parking spaces shall be striped so as to show a space 20 feet in length with a six-foot maneuvering space for every two parking spaces.

Dead-end off-street parking aisles are discouraged, especially in connection with business uses. Such aisles shall be no more than eight spaces deep on any side and may be used only when there is no reasonable alternative. If more than eight spaces deep on any side, the layout shall provide a means for vehicles to turn around.

Where required, off-street parking areas shall be screened in accordance with Article XXII, Screening Devices and Landscaping, in this Zoning Code.

Parking lot landscaping shall be provided in accordance with Article XXII, Screening Devices and Landscaping, in this Zoning Code.

§ 370-78 Off-street loading and unloading.

On the same premises with every building, structure or part thereof involving the receipt or distribution of vehicles, materials or merchandise, or in an improved public alley that directly abuts the property, there shall be provided and maintained adequate space for standing, loading, and unloading in order to avoid undue interference with the public use of dedicated streets. Such space shall be provided as follows:

Where required, unless otherwise indicated, all spaces shall be laid out in the dimensions of at least 10 feet by 80 feet, with a clearance of at least 14 feet in height for uses in the OS-1, B-1, B-2, B-3 and I-1 Districts.

Loading dock approaches shall be provided with a pavement having an asphaltic or cement binder so as to provide a permanent, durable and dustless surface. Loading space may be enclosed.

Access to a loading space shall be provided directly from a public street or alley, or service drive, and shall be arranged so as to provide sufficient off-street maneuvering space as well as adequate ingress to and from a street or service drive.

Unless otherwise indicated, loading space is permitted in a rear yard only. In exceptional instances, when it can be shown that such location is necessitated by site conditions, loading space may be permitted in an interior side yard, with approval of the Building Department. Location of loading and unloading space in an interior side yard shall be subject to these conditions.

The location shall not have a disruptive effect on the safe and efficient flow of pedestrian and vehicular traffic within the site.

The location shall be aesthetically and effectively screened from view from adjoining properties and from any street in a manner acceptable to the City.

To aid in its review, the City may require submittal of exterior building wall elevation drawings with respect to the location of loading and unloading area, trash receptacles, the corresponding elevations of adjoining property and streets and the means by which these facilities will be effectively screened from view.

The area required for loading and unloading shall be physically separated from the off-street parking requirements of this chapter and shall be laid out so that when in use, the loading and unloading area will not disrupt or diminish access to any off-street parking spaces or their corresponding vehicle maneuvering lanes or service drives.

Loading, unloading spaces shall be effectively screened from view from any public street and from any office or residential zoning district in accordance with the applicable requirements of Article XXI of this Zoning Code.

In the OS-1 Districts, off-street loading and unloading shall be provided according to the following provisions.

For office buildings of 5,000 square feet or less, no loading or unloading area shall be required.

For office buildings over 5,000 square feet to 20,000 square feet in gross floor area, at least one loading and unloading space shall be provided with minimum dimensions of nine feet by 20 feet, and which shall be made separate from off-street parking and parking maneuvering lanes. The space may be located in any yard.

For office buildings greater than 20,000 square feet, loading and unloading shall be provided at the ratio of one space for each 40,000 square feet above 20,000 square feet and shall be located in the rear yard or in an interior side yard. If a location in an interior side yard is required, the requirements of Subsection H of this section shall apply.

Loading and unloading space in the B-Commercial Districts.

In the B-Commercial Districts, loading and unloading space shall be provided in the rear yard at a ratio of 10 square feet for each front foot of building, except in the case of a double frontage lot, loading and unloading may be located in an interior side yard beyond the minimum side yard setback requirement of the district. The location of such facilities in a permitted side yard shall be subject to review and approval by the City. The City, in making its review, shall find that any such use shall:

Not have a disruptive effect on the safe and efficient flow of pedestrian and vehicular traffic within the site.

Be aesthetically and effectively screened from view from adjoining properties and from a street, in a manner acceptable to the City.

To aid in its review, the City may require submittal of exterior building wall elevation drawings and cross section drawings showing grade elevations with respect to the location of loading and unloading areas, along with the corresponding topographic elevations of adjoining property and streets and the means by which these facilities will be effectively screened from view.

Within the I-Industrial Districts, all loading and unloading operations shall be conducted in the rear yard, except in those instances where an interior side yard is located adjacent to an I-Industrial District, loading and unloading may be conducted in that interior side yard when located near the rear of the building. When loading and unloading is to be conducted within an interior side yard, the City may require aesthetic screening of the facility in accordance with the guidelines set forth in Article XXII, Screening Devices and Landscaping, in this chapter.

All loading and unloading spaces in the I-Industrial Districts shall be provided in the following ratio of spaces to floor area.

	Gross Floor Area (in square feet)	Loading, Unloading Space Required
	0 to 1,400	None
	1,401 to 20,000	One space
	20,001 to 100,000	One space, plus one space for each 20,000 square feet in excess of 20,001 square feet
	100,001 and over	Five spaces

Unless as otherwise provided in this section, loading space shall be provided for the following specified uses.

Funeral homes and mortuaries shall provide one loading space for each 5,000 square feet of gross floor area, plus one space for each additional 10,000 square feet.

For hospitals and similar uses of less than 10,000 square feet in gross floor area, at least one loading space with minimum dimensions of nine feet by 20 feet, separate from off-street parking, shall be provided and may be located in any yard.