A.
Purpose. The purpose of these specifications is to establish minimum
construction standards for public roads in the Town. Unless the Town
Engineer recommends otherwise, and the Town Board concurs, these specifications
shall apply to construction, reconstruction or repair of all roads
regardless of whether they are in a plat.
B.
Other specifications. For the purposes of these Town of Algoma road
specifications, the latest editions of the State of Wisconsin Department
of Transportation Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure
Construction and Supplemental Specifications, both as amended from
time to time, shall be called the "state specifications."
C.
Plan approval, construction inspection, and project approval.
(1)
Reference to the "Town Board" in this and the following sections
means that formal action by that body is required. Reference to the
"Town" in these specifications means the Town Road/Drainage Coordinator
or other agent designated by the Town Board.[1]
(2)
Unless waived by specific action of the Town Board, plans and specifications
must be submitted and accepted before road construction commences.
The developer's engineer is responsible to prepare plans and specifications
that are adequate to ensure construction of a sufficient roadway.
Required plans and specifications will be reviewed and accepted or
rejected by the Town Engineer. This acceptance does not constitute
an approval and does not relieve the developer's engineer or the developer
of any liability he would otherwise have. The Town Road/Drainage Coordinator
or other designated agent will assist the Town Engineer with inspection
of construction and on-site decisions. On roads which are being constructed
by private developers, the developer's engineer shall submit grade
sheets which show the comparison of actual field measurements to plan
measurements for all subgrades, ditches, and base courses. Town Board
action is required to accept roads into the Town road system.[2]
(3)
Plans, profile sheets and cross sections shall be drawn to a minimum
scale of one inch to 40 feet. Cross sections shall be included every
50 feet. A typical section shall show the width and depth of materials,
existing ground elevations, erosion control measures and other matters
the Town or Town Engineer deems appropriate. Plan and profile sheets
shall be signed and sealed by a professional engineer. They shall
show edges of pavement, curve data, curve radii, erosion control,
culvert locations, sizes and depths of culverts, spot elevations and
other matters the Town Engineer deems necessary to facilitate thorough
review and construction.
(4)
Job specifications shall accompany the plans and shall be signed
and sealed by a professional engineer. They shall conform to Town
ordinances and include additional items the Town Engineer feels are
needed to complete road construction. Shop drawings are required for
base course, gradations, asphalt mix and other items the Town Engineer
deems necessary.
D.
Construction dates. Road construction shall occur only upon authorization
of the Town Board. It shall occur only between May 15 and November
15 each year, unless the Town Board specifically approves construction
dates falling outside this time frame. Such approval shall be granted
only with the concurrence of the Town Engineer.
E.
Road classifications. Local roads are to be those with the lowest
traffic count, with access to private property being their principal
function. Collector roads are intended to collect traffic from local
roads to higher priority roads or developed areas. Roads shall also
be classified as residential, commercial, or industrial, depending
on the characteristics of traffic anticipated. Town roads shall be
classified as local residential roads, unless otherwise designated
by the Town Board. Classification of roads shall be at the discretion
of the Town Board and shall be based on anticipated traffic counts,
character of anticipated traffic, and relation of the proposed road
to traffic patterns and other highway systems.
A.
Local streets. Local Town streets shall have a sixty-six-foot dedicated
right-of-way.
B.
Arterial streets. Town arterial streets shall have an eighty-foot
right-of-way or other width designated by the Town Board. Arterial
streets shall be designed as through streets.
C.
Collector
streets. Town collector streets shall have an eighty-foot right-of-way
or other width designated by the Town Board. Collector streets shall
be designed as through streets.
D.
Termination of roads. All road terminations shall have a cul-de-sac
bulb with a minimum right-of-way radius of 66 feet. Where termination
is due to phasing, a temporary turnaround shall be installed. When
possible, this shall be outside the plat. This may be a cul-de-sac
or other configuration determined adequate by the Town Board. Temporary
turnarounds shall be removed when no longer needed at the expense
of the developer extending the road. This shall include restoration
or construction of yards fronting on the road and drainage facilities
to match the new road.
A.
Responsibility. In private developments, the developer is responsible
for the design of the public roads. The design shall meet the site-specific
conditions but in no case shall be less than the minimum standards.
The Town Board may require higher construction standards if, in the
opinion of the Town Board, such increased standards are warranted.
Unless waived in writing, plans shall be submitted to the Town Engineer
for review prior to the commencement of construction.
B.
Alignment standards.
|
Residential
|
Commercial/Industrial
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximum grade (percentage)
| ||||
|
Local**
|
10%
|
8%
| ||
|
Collector**
|
8%
|
6%
| ||
|
**Minimum grade 0.5%
| ||||
|
Minimum radius of horizontal curve (in feet)
| ||||
|
Local
|
100
|
200
| ||
|
Collector
|
200
|
200
| ||
|
Corner radius at intersection (in feet)
|
25
|
30
| ||
|
Minimum length of vertical curve
| ||||
|
Local: 20 feet for each 1% algebraic difference in grade, in
percent; none required for under 2% algebraic difference in grade.
| ||||
|
Collector: 50 feet for each 1% algebraic difference in grade.
| ||||
A.
Standards. Unless otherwise indicated below or specified by the Town
Board, all earthwork shall comply with Part II of the state specifications.
B.
General. Earthwork shall consist of excavating, filling, and grading
operations which shape the right-of-way to the appropriate cross section.
The subgrade under future graveled and/or paved areas shall be free
from topsoil and other deleterious materials. Subgrade shall be compacted
to a degree that no further appreciable consolidation is evidenced
under the action of compaction equipment. Prior to the placement of
crushed aggregate base course, the road contractor shall demonstrate
the degree of compaction to the Town by "proof rolling" with loaded
trucks or by other means acceptable to the Town. Proof rolling shall
occur only when the Town Engineer or his or her designee is present
to observe.
A.
Standards. Unless otherwise indicated below or specified by the Town
Board, materials and construction for crushed aggregate base courses
shall conform to Section 304 of the state specifications.
B.
Gradation requirements.
(1)
Aggregates shall be well graded and conform to the gradation requirements
of Section 304 of the state specifications, except an additional gradation
shall also be included. This additional gradation shall be uniformly
graded from coarse to fines with a maximum particle size of 2 1/2
inches to three inches.
(2)
Base courses 12 inches thick shall have six inches of breaker run
stone as the bottom layer and six inches of three-fourths-inch stone
(Gradation No. 2 per the state specifications) as the top layer. Base
courses 15 inches thick shall have nine inches of breaker run stone
as the bottom layer and six inches of three-fourths-inch stone (Gradation
No. 2 per the state specifications) as the top layer. Base courses
18 inches thick shall have 12 inches of breaker run stone as the bottom
layer and six inches of three-fourths-inch stone (Gradation No. 2
per the state specifications) as the top layer. Shoulder material
used after paving shall be three-eighths-inch crusher run (Gradation
No. 3 per the state specifications). Unless otherwise approved by
the Town, base courses shall be placed in lifts with a maximum compacted
thickness of six inches.
C.
Minimum width and depth. Minimum base course widths and depths per
road classifications shall be as indicated below. Unless otherwise
directed by the Town Board, all Town roads will have a rural cross
section with ditches.
|
Classification
|
Width (top)
(feet)
|
Depth
(inches)
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Residential
| ||||
|
Local
|
28
|
12
| ||
|
Collector
|
34
|
15
| ||
|
Commercial
| ||||
|
Local
|
28
|
15
| ||
|
Collector
|
34
|
15
| ||
|
Industrial
| ||||
|
Local
|
28
|
18
| ||
|
Collector
|
34
|
18
| ||
|
Cul-de-sac
|
45-foot radius
|
Per class
| ||
A.
Standards. Unless otherwise indicated below or specified by the Town
Board, all seal coat materials and construction shall conform to Section
408 of the state specifications.
B.
General. When called for in the plans and specifications, two layers
of asphaltic seal coat with a covering of aggregate (double chip seal)
shall be installed. The width of the seal coat shall be the same as
the final pavement width.
A.
Standards. Unless otherwise indicated below or specified by the Town
Board, final asphaltic paving shall be per Part IV of the state specifications.
B.
General. Asphaltic pavements shall be constructed per the approved
plans and specifications, if any. All pavements shall be placed in
a minimum of two lifts, with the bottom lift being the binder course
and the top lift being the surface course. The Town Board may require
pavement design to be submitted to the Town prior to paving and shall
include mix designs and thickness for both binder and surface courses.
Prior to paving, the developer shall be required to raise all sewer
manholes to be flush with final road grades. The cost will be included
in assessment of final paving.
C.
Minimum widths and thicknesses. Minimum pavement widths and thicknesses
per road classifications shall be indicated as below.
|
Classification
|
Width (top)
(feet)
|
Depth
(inches)
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Residential
| ||||
|
Local
|
24
|
3
| ||
|
Collector
|
30
|
4
| ||
|
Commercial
| ||||
|
Local
|
24
|
3 1/2
| ||
|
Collector
|
30
|
4
| ||
|
Industrial
| ||||
|
Local
|
24
|
4 1/2
| ||
|
Collector
|
30
|
4 1/2
| ||
|
Cul-de-sac
|
42-foot radius
|
Per class
| ||
Cross-section drawings showing the construction standards for
residential collector roads and residential local roads are attached
hereto and incorporated herein.[1] To the extent that those drawings may be inconsistent
with any text of this chapter, the text shall control.
[1]
Editor's Note: The drawings are on file in the Town offices.
A.
Permanent erosion control.
(1)
Ditches and major drainage swales shall, at the minimum, be topsoiled,
seeded, fertilized, and have erosion control blanket placed along
their flow lines. Where expected flow velocities are greater than
five feet per second, where ditches or drainage swales are subjected
to continuous low flow conditions, or where other conditions exist
which make the establishment of vegetation difficult or impossible,
ditch bottoms shall be paved, riprapped, or reinforced with geotextile
fabric as determined to be appropriate by the Town Engineer.
(2)
Where ditches and drainage swales are to be seeded, a minimum of
three inches of topsoil shall be placed. Topsoil salvaged during construction
may be used for this purpose. Fertilizer shall be formula 13-25-12
nonburnable type and shall conform to state fertilizer laws. Fertilizer
shall be applied at a rate of seven pounds per 1,000 square feet.
Seed mixtures shall conform to State of Wisconsin Department of Transportation
Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction, seed
mixture No. 40, as amended from time to time.
(3)
Mixture to be used. The selection of the seed mixture or mixtures
for use on the project shall meet with the approval of the Engineer,
and unless otherwise provided in the contract, shall be seed mixture
No. 40 set forth above.
(4)
Seed shall be applied at the rate of five pounds per 1,000 square
feet.
(5)
Material to be used for erosion control blanket shall be manufactured
for that purpose and shall be approved by the Town prior to installation.
Erosion control blanket shall be a minimum of four feet wide and shall
be installed per the manufacturer's recommendations. Areas that are
not covered by erosion control blanket shall have weed-free hay or
straw mulch placed to a depth of one inch to 1 1/2 inches. Mulch
shall then be crimped into the topsoil. Mulch shall be placed within
three days after seeding has been completed. All bare or sparse areas
shall be reseeded. Hydro-seeding is a permitted alternative to conventional
seeding methods.
B.
Temporary erosion control. Engineering plans shall identify the location,
materials, and methods to be used to provide temporary erosion control
on the project. Regardless of whether plans are required, the Town
may require that other devices be installed if sediment is found to
be leaving the site or if the potential exists for sediment to leave
the site. Temporary erosion control may consist of silt fences, erosion
control bales, sedimentation basins, water diversions, gravel access
roads to prevent sediment tracking, or other methods and materials
which may be appropriate for a particular site. These measures are
to be installed as a first item of construction and shall be maintained
until vegetation or other permanent erosion control is established
and the potential for sediment leaving the site no longer exists.
After permanent erosion control is established, temporary erosion
control materials such as silt fences and erosion control bales shall
then be removed from the site and disposed of properly, while other
temporary measures such as sedimentation basins and water diversions
shall be properly abandoned and restored. The methods and materials
used for temporary erosion control shall be in conformance to the
latest edition of the Wisconsin Construction Site Best Management
Practice Handbook.
