[HISTORY: Adopted by the Town Board of the Town of Union 5-6-1987 by L.L. No. 6-1987; amended in its entirety 5-18-2011 by L.L. No. 5-2011. Subsequent amendments noted where applicable.]
GENERAL REFERENCES
Aquifer recharge and watershed protection zones — See Ch. 74.
Drainage — See Ch. 102.
Freshwater wetlands — See Ch. 125.
Erosion and sediment control — See Ch. 171.
Subdivision of land — See Ch. 181.
Zoning — See Ch. 300.
The Town Board of the Town of Union finds that the potential and/or actual damages from flooding and erosion may be a problem to the residents of the Town of Union and that damages may include destruction or loss of private and public housing, damage to public facilities, both publicly and privately owned, and injury to and loss of human life. In order to minimize the threat of such damages and to achieve the purposes and objectives hereinafter set forth, this chapter is adopted.
It is the purpose of this chapter to promote the public health, safety and general welfare and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed to:
A. 
Regulate uses which are dangerous to health, safety and property due to water or erosion hazards or which result in damaging increases in erosion or in flood heights or velocities.
B. 
Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction.
C. 
Control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels and natural protective barriers which are involved in the accommodation of floodwaters.
D. 
Control filling, grading, dredging and other development which may increase erosion or flood damages.
E. 
Regulate the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert floodwaters or which may increase flood hazards to other lands.
F. 
Qualify for and maintain participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.
The objectives of this chapter are to:
A. 
Protect human life and health.
B. 
Minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood-control projects.
C. 
Minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public.
D. 
Minimize prolonged business interruptions.
E. 
Minimize damage to public facilities and utilities, such as water and gas mains, electric, telephone and sewer lines, streets and bridges, located in areas of special flood hazard.
F. 
Help maintain a stable tax base by providing for the sound use and development of areas of special flood hazard so as to minimize future flood-blight areas.
G. 
Provide that developers are notified that property is in an area of special flood hazard.
H. 
Ensure that those who occupy the areas of special flood hazard assume responsibility for their actions.
A. 
Unless specifically defined below, words or phrases used in this chapter shall be interpreted so as to give them the meanings they have in common usage and to give this chapter its most reasonable application.
B. 
As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
APPEAL
A request for a review of the local administrator's interpretation of any provision of this chapter or a request for a variance.
AREA OF SHALLOW FLOODING
A designated AO or VO Zone on a community's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) with base flood depths from one to three feet, where a clearly defined channel does not exist, where the path of flooding is unpredictable and indeterminate and where velocity flow may be evident.
AREA OF SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD
The land in the floodplain within a community subject to a one-percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year. This area may be designated as Zone A, AE, AH, AO, A1-99, V, VO, VE or V1-30. It is also commonly referred to as the "base floodplain" or "one-hundred-year floodplain."
BASE FLOOD
The flood having a one-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
BASEMENT
That portion of a building having its floor subgrade (below ground level) on all sides.
BREAKAWAY WALL
A wall that is not part of the structural support of the building and is intended through its design and construction to collapse under specific lateral loading forces without causing damage to the elevated portion of the building or the supporting foundation system.
BUILDING
Any structure built for support, shelter or enclosure for occupancy or storage.
CELLAR
The same meaning as "basement."
COASTAL HIGH-HAZARD AREA
The area subject to high-velocity waters, including but not limited to hurricane wave wash. The area is designated on a FIRM as Zone V1-30, VE, VO or V.
DEVELOPMENT
Any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including but not limited to buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, paving, excavation or drilling operations located within the area of special flood hazard.
ELEVATED BUILDING
A nonbasement building built to have the lowest floor elevated above the ground level by means of fill, solid foundation perimeter walls, pilings, columns (posts and piers) or shear walls.
FLOOD BOUNDARY AND FLOODWAY MAP (FBFM)
An official map of the community published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as part of a riverine community's Flood Insurance Study. The FBFM delineates a regulatory floodway along watercourses studied in detail in the Flood Insurance Study.
FLOOD HAZARD BOUNDARY MAP (FHBM)
An official map of a community, issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, where the boundaries of the areas of special flood hazard have been defined but no water surface elevation data is provided.
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM)
An official map of a community on which the Federal Emergency Management Agency has delineated both the areas of special flood hazard and the risk premium zones applicable to the community.
FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY
The official report provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The report contains flood profiles as well as the Flood Boundary and Floodway Map and the water surface elevations of the base flood.
FLOOD or FLOODING
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from:
(1) 
The overflow of inland or tidal waters.
(2) 
The unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source.
FLOODPROOFING
Any combination of structural and nonstructural additions, changes or adjustments to structures which reduce or eliminate flood damage to real estate or improved real property, water and sanitary facilities, structures and their contents.
FLOODWAY
The same meaning as "regulatory floodway."
FLOOR
The top surface of an enclosed area in a building (including basement), i.e., the top of the slab in concrete slab construction or the top of wood flooring in wood frame construction.
FUNCTIONALLY DEPENDENT USE
A use which cannot perform its intended purpose unless it is located or carried out in close proximity to water, such as a docking or port facility necessary for the loading and unloading of cargo or passengers, shipbuilding and ship repair. The term does not include long-term storage, manufacture, sales or service facilities.
HIGHEST ADJACENT GRADE
The highest natural elevation of the ground surface, prior to construction, next to the proposed walls of a structure.
LOWEST FLOOR
The lowest level, including basement or cellar, of the lowest enclosed area. An unfinished or flood-resistant enclosure, usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement or cellar is not considered a building's lowest floor, provided that such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation of the applicable nonelevation design requirements of this chapter.
MANUFACTURED HOME
A structure, transportable in one or more sections, which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities. The term also includes park trailers, travel trailers and similar transportable structures placed on a site for 180 consecutive days or longer and intended to be improved property.
MEAN SEA LEVEL
For purposes of the National Flood Insurance Program, the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929 or other datum to which base flood elevations shown on a community's Flood Insurance Rate Map are referenced.
MOBILE HOME
The same meaning as "manufactured home."
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM (NGVD)
As corrected in 1929, a vertical control used as a reference for establishing elevations within the floodplain.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
Structures for which the start of construction commenced on or after the effective date of this chapter.
ONE-HUNDRED-YEAR FLOOD
The same meaning as "base flood."
PRINCIPALLY ABOVE GROUND
At least 51% of the actual cash value of the structure, excluding land value, is above ground.
REGULATORY FLOODWAY
The channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than a designated height as determined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in a Flood Insurance Study or by other agencies as provided in § 121-12B of this chapter.
SAND DUNES
Naturally occurring accumulations of sand in ridges or mounds landward of the beach.
START OF CONSTRUCTION
The initiation, excluding planning and design, of any phase of a project or physical alteration of the property, and shall include land preparation, such as clearing, grading and filling; installation of streets and/or walkways; excavation for a basement, footings, piers or foundations; or the erection of temporary forms. It also includes the placement and/or installation on the property of accessory buildings (garages or sheds), storage trailers and building materials.
STRUCTURE
A walled and roofed building, a manufactured home or a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground.
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT
Any repair, reconstruction or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of the structure, excluding land values, either before the improvement or repair is started or, if the structure has been damaged and is being restored, before the damage occurred. For the purposes of this definition, "substantial improvement" is considered to commence when the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor or other structural part of the building commences, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the structure. The term does not, however, include either:
(1) 
Any project for improvement of a structure to comply with existing state or local building, fire, health, sanitary or safety code specifications which are solely necessary to assure safe living conditions; or
(2) 
Any alteration of a structure or contributing structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places or a State Inventory of Historic Places.
VARIANCE
A grant of relief from the requirements of this chapter which permits construction or use in a manner that would otherwise be prohibited by this chapter.
This chapter shall apply to all areas of special flood hazard within the jurisdiction of the Town of Union.
The areas of special flood hazard have been identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in a scientific and engineering report titled "Flood Insurance Study, Town of Union, New York, Broome County," dated September 30, 1988, with Flood Insurance Rate Maps enumerated on Map Index No. 360056 0001-0035, dated September 30, 1988, and with accompanying Flood Boundary and Floodway Maps enumerated on Map Index No. 360056 0001-0035, dated September 30, 1988. The above documents are hereby adopted and declared to be a part of this chapter and are filed at the Town Hall, 3111 East Main Street, Endwell, New York, and the Town of Union Planning Department.
A. 
This chapter is adopted in response to revisions to the National Flood Insurance Program effective October 1, 1986, and shall supersede all previous laws adopted for the purpose of establishing and maintaining eligibility for flood insurance.
B. 
In their interpretation and application, the provisions of this chapter shall be held to be minimum requirements, adopted for the promotion of the public health, safety and welfare. Whenever the requirements of this chapter are at variance with the requirements of any other lawfully adopted rules, regulations or ordinances, the most restrictive, or that imposing the highest standards, shall govern.
No structure shall hereafter be constructed, located, extended, converted or altered, and no land shall be excavated or filled, without full compliance with the terms of this chapter and any other applicable regulations. Any infraction of the provisions of this chapter by failure to comply with any of its requirements, including infractions of conditions and safeguards established in connection with conditions of the permit, shall constitute a violation. Any person who violates this chapter or fails to comply with any of its requirements shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined no more than $250 or imprisoned for not more than 15 days, or both. Each day of noncompliance shall be considered a separate offense. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the Town of Union from taking such other lawful action as necessary to prevent or remedy an infraction. Any structure found not compliant with the requirements of this chapter for which the developer and/or owner has not applied for and received an approved variance under §§ 121-16 and 121-17 will be declared noncompliant and notification sent to the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
The degree of flood protection required by this chapter is considered reasonable for regulatory purposes and is based on scientific and engineering considerations. Larger floods can and will occur on rare occasions. Flood heights may be increased by man-made or natural causes. This chapter does not imply that land outside the areas of special flood hazard or uses permitted within such areas will be free from flooding or flood damages. This chapter shall not create liability on the part of the Town of Union, any officer or employee thereof or the Federal Emergency Management Agency for any flood damages that result from reliance on this chapter or any administrative decision lawfully made thereunder.
The Ordinance Department is hereby appointed local administrator to administer and implement this chapter by granting or denying development permit applications in accordance with its provisions.
A. 
The following uses which have low flood damage potential and which do not obstruct flood flows may be permitted within areas of special flood hazard to the extent that these uses do not constitute development within the floodplain or substantial improvement to a building within the floodplain and are not otherwise prohibited by any other ordinances:
(1) 
Agricultural uses, such as pasture or grazing, as long as they do not require development within the floodplain.
(2) 
Private and public outdoor recreational areas, such as swimming areas, open space, wildlife or nature preserves, hunting and fishing areas and hiking and horseback trails, as long as they do not require development within the floodplain.
(3) 
Paved areas, such as parking lots.
B. 
No uses shall diminish or prohibit in any way the capacity of the channels or floodways of any watercourse, any tributary to the main stream, any other watercourse or drainage ditch or any other drainage facility or system to discharge waters from the base flood.
A. 
All uses within areas of special flood hazard other than those specified in § 121-10.1 are permitted only after the issuance of a special permit by the Town of Union Planning Board, as provided in Article 66 of Chapter 300 of this Code. Uses allowed by special permit shall be determined by the nature and location of the applicant's proposal. Therefore:
(1) 
The applicant shall submit a development plan as specified in § 121-11. The applicant shall submit such other and additional information, documentation, and engineering plans or analysis as may be requested by the Planning Board in the review of the special permit application.
(2) 
In portions of the areas of special flood hazard where base flood elevations have been delineated, the applicant shall determine whether the proposed special permit use is located within a flood-fringe or a regulatory floodway; such determination shall be made from the Flood Boundary and Floodway Map. In portions of the areas of special flood hazard which are delineated as flood hazard areas (unnumbered A Zones), determination of location shall be made from the Flood Insurance Rate Map. The location shall be verified by the Building Official.
(3) 
If it is determined that the proposed use is located within a regulatory floodway, the provisions of § 121-10.3, Regulatory floodway provisions, of this chapter shall apply.
(4) 
If it is determined that the proposed use is within a flood-fringe, the provisions of § 121-10.4, Flood-fringe provisions, of this chapter shall apply.
(5) 
If it is determined that the proposed use is located within a flood hazard area, the provisions of § 121-10.5, Flood hazard area provisions, of this chapter shall apply.
B. 
All special permit uses shall be subject to the specifications and standards contained within this chapter and Article 66 of Chapter 300 of this Code and shall be subject to such other reasonable conditions as may be established by the Planning Board in acting on the special permit application.
C. 
All information submitted pursuant to an application for a special permit, including the development plan and floodproofing certification, shall be kept on file with the Town Clerk and shall be available for public inspection.
A. 
Regulatory floodway. The regulatory floodway shall be that portion of the areas of special flood hazard which is the channel of a river or watercourse and the land areas adjacent to that channel which must be reserved in order to discharge the waters from the base flood (one-hundred-year flood) without cumulatively increasing the water elevation more than one foot. The boundaries of the regulatory floodway for the Town of Union are designated in the Flood Insurance Study.
B. 
Permitted uses. All uses within the regulatory floodway, other than those specified in § 121-10.1, are allowed only as special permit uses in compliance with the following standards:
(1) 
No structure, fill, deposit, obstruction, storage of materials or equipment or other use or encroachment of the floodway may be allowed which, acting alone or in combination with existing or future uses, shall result in any increase in flood levels during the occurrence of the base flood discharge.
(2) 
Fill.
(a) 
Any fill proposed to be deposited in the floodway must be shown to have some beneficial purpose and the amount thereof is not greater than is necessary to achieve that purpose, as demonstrated by the plan submitted by the owner showing the uses to which the filled land will be put and the final dimensions of the proposed fill or other materials.
(b) 
Such fill or other materials shall be suitably protected against erosion by vegetation cover, riprap or bulkheading.
(3) 
Structures.
(a) 
Buildings shall not be for residential use.
(b) 
The buildings shall be constructed and placed on the site so as to offer the minimum obstruction to the flow of water and have a low flood-damage potential.
(c) 
Any uses of buildings allowed in the floodway shall be floodproofed in the manner specified in § 121-13 of this chapter.
(d) 
All special permit uses shall be subject to such other reasonable conditions as may be established by the Planning Board in acting on the special permit application.
A. 
Flood-fringe. That portion of the areas of special flood hazard within the one-hundred-year-flood (base flood) boundary and outside the regulatory floodway.
B. 
Permitted uses. All uses within the flood-fringe, other than those specified in § 121-10.1, are allowed only as special permit uses in compliance with the following standards. Uses specified in § 121-10.1 are permitted by right.
(1) 
Any building or use permitted in the floodway, § 121-10.3B.
(2) 
Buildings, provided that:
(a) 
The elevation of the lowest floor, including basement, of all new residential construction or substantial improvements to existing residential buildings within the flood-fringe area shall be at least two feet higher than the base flood elevation.
(b) 
The elevation of the lowest floor, including basement, of all new nonresidential buildings or substantial improvements to existing nonresidential buildings within the flood-fringe area shall be at least one foot higher than the base flood elevation or, together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, shall be floodproofed up to one foot higher than the base flood elevation.
(c) 
All uses located in the flood-fringe area shall be floodproofed in the manner outlined in §§ 121-13 and 121-14 below.
(d) 
Fill deposited for the purpose of elevating the lowest floor above the base flood elevation shall extend at least 15 feet beyond the limits of any building erected thereon. Such fill shall be protected against erosion by riprap, vegetation, bulkheading or other forms of cover.
(e) 
Any storage facility for chemicals, explosives or flammable liquids shall be located at an elevation at least one foot higher than the elevation of the base flood.
(f) 
All special permit uses shall be subject to such other reasonable conditions as may be established by the Planning Board in acting on the special permit application.
A. 
Flood hazard area. The flood hazard area shall be that portion of the Floodplain Management District within the one-hundred-year-flood (base flood) boundary shown as unnumbered A Zones on the Flood Insurance Rate Map.
B. 
Permitted uses. All uses and buildings permitted in the flood-fringe area, § 121-10.4B, shall be permitted in the flood hazard area, subject to the requirements and standards set forth in § 121-10.4 and below:
(1) 
If the Town of Union Planning Board deems it necessary, the applicant shall determine the base flood elevation for the proposed use by:
(a) 
Utilizing available base flood elevation data from federal or state agencies, such as:
[1] 
United States Army Corps of Engineers.
[2] 
United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service.
[3] 
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
(b) 
A certified determination, by a professional engineer and land surveyor certified by the State of New York, shown on a typical cross section depicting the channel of the stream, elevation of land areas adjoining each side of the channel and base flood elevation information.
(2) 
All special permit uses shall be subject to such other reasonable conditions as may be established by the Planning Board in acting on the special permit application.
A development permit shall be obtained before the start of construction or any other development within the area of special flood hazard as established in § 121-6. Application for a development permit shall be made on forms furnished by the local administrator and may include, but not be limited to, plans, in duplicate, drawn to scale and showing the nature, location, dimensions and elevations of the area in question, existing or proposed structures, fill, storage of materials, drainage facilities and the location of the foregoing.
A. 
Application stage. The following information is required, where applicable:
(1) 
The elevation, in relation to mean sea level, of the proposed lowest floor, including basement or cellar, of all structures.
(2) 
The elevation, in relation to mean sea level, to which any nonresidential structure will be floodproofed.
(3) 
When required, a certificate from a licensed professional engineer or architect that the utility floodproofing will meet the criteria in § 121-13C(1).
(4) 
A certificate from a licensed professional engineer or architect that the nonresidential floodproofed structure will meet the floodproofing criteria in § 121-14B.
(5) 
A description of the extent to which any watercourse will be altered or relocated as a result of proposed development.
B. 
Construction stage. Upon placement of the lowest floor, or floodproofing by whatever means, it shall be the duty of the permit holder to submit to the local administrator a certificate of the as-built elevation of the lowest floor, or floodproofed elevation, in relation to mean sea level. The elevation certificate shall be prepared by or under the direct supervision of a licensed land surveyor or professional engineer and certified by the same. When floodproofing is utilized for a particular building, the floodproofing certificate shall be prepared by or under the direct supervision of a licensed professional engineer or architect and certified by the same. Any further work undertaken prior to submission and approval of the certificate shall be at the permit holder's risk. The local administrator shall review all data submitted. Deficiencies detected shall be cause to issue a stop-work order for the project unless immediately corrected.
Duties of the local administrator shall include but not be limited to:
A. 
Permit application review. It shall:
(1) 
Review all development permit applications to determine that the requirements of this chapter have been satisfied.
(2) 
Review all development permit applications to determine that all necessary permits have been obtained from those federal, state or local governmental agencies from which prior approval is required.
(3) 
Review all development permit applications to determine if the proposed development adversely affects the area of special flood hazard. For the purposes of this chapter, "adversely affects" means physical damage to adjacent properties. A hydraulic engineering study may be required of the applicant for this purpose.
(a) 
If there is no adverse effect, then the permit shall be granted consistent with the provisions of this chapter.
(b) 
If there is an adverse effect, then flood damage mitigation measures shall be made a condition of the permit.
(4) 
Review all development permits for compliance with the provisions of § 121-13E, Encroachments.
B. 
Use of other base flood and floodway data. When base flood elevation data has not been provided in accordance with § 121-6, Basis for establishing areas of special flood hazard, the local administrator shall obtain, review and reasonably utilize any base flood elevation and floodway data available from a federal, state or other source, including data developed pursuant to § 121-13D(4), in order to administer § 121-14, Specific standards, and § 121-15, Floodways.
C. 
Information to be obtained and maintained. It shall:
(1) 
Obtain and record the actual elevation, in relation to mean sea level, of the lowest floor, including basement or cellar, of all new or substantially improved structures and whether or not the structure contains a basement or cellar.
(2) 
For all new or substantially improved floodproofed structures:
(a) 
Obtain and record the actual elevation, in relation to mean sea level, to which the structure has been floodproofed; and
(b) 
Maintain the floodproofing certifications required in §§ 121-13 and 121-14.
(3) 
Maintain for public inspection all records pertaining to the provisions of this chapter, including variances, when granted, and certificates of compliance.
D. 
Alteration of watercourses. It shall:
(1) 
Notify adjacent communities and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation prior to any alteration or relocation of a watercourse and submit evidence of such notification to the Regional Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region II, 26 Federal Plaza, New York, New York 10278.
(2) 
Require that maintenance is provided within the altered or relocated portion of said watercourse so that the flood-carrying capacity is not diminished.
E. 
Interpretation of FHBM, FIRM or FBFM boundaries.
(1) 
The local administrator shall have the authority to make interpretations when there appears to be a conflict between the limits of the federally identified area of special flood hazard and actual field conditions.
(2) 
Base flood elevation data established pursuant to § 121-6 and/or Subsection B of this section, when available, shall be used to accurately delineate the areas of special flood hazard.
(3) 
The local administrator shall use flood information from any other authoritative source, including historical data, to establish the limits of the areas of special flood hazard when base flood elevations are not available.
F. 
Stop-work orders.
(1) 
All floodplain development found ongoing without an approved permit shall be subject to the issuance of a stop-work order by the local administrator. Disregard of a stop-work order shall be subject to the penalties described in § 121-8 of this chapter.
(2) 
All floodplain development found noncompliant with the provisions of this chapter and/or the conditions of the approved permit shall be subject to the issuance of a stop-work order by the local administrator. Disregard of a stop-work order shall be subject to the penalties described in § 121-8 of this chapter.
G. 
Inspections. The local administrator and/or the developer's engineer or architect shall make periodic inspections at appropriate times throughout the period of construction in order to monitor compliance with permit conditions and enable said inspector to certify that the development is in compliance with the requirements of this chapter.
H. 
Certificate of compliance.
(1) 
It shall be unlawful to use or occupy or to permit the use or occupancy of any building or premises, or both, or part thereof hereafter created, erected, changed, converted or wholly or partly altered or enlarged in its use or structure until a certificate of compliance has been issued by the local administrator stating that the building or land conforms to the requirements of either the development permit or the approved variance.
(2) 
All other development occurring within the area of special flood hazard will have upon completion a certificate of compliance issued by the local administrator.
(3) 
All certificates shall be based upon the inspections conducted subject to Subsection G of this section and/or any certified elevations, hydraulic information, floodproofing, anchoring requirements or encroachment analysis which may have been required as a condition of the approved permit.
In all areas of special flood hazard, the following standards are required:
A. 
Anchoring.
(1) 
All new construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the structure.
(2) 
All manufactured homes shall be installed using methods and practices which minimize flood damage. Manufactured homes must be elevated and anchored to resist flotation, collapse or lateral movement. Methods of anchoring may include, but are not to be limited to, use of over-the-top or frame ties to ground anchors. This requirement is in addition to applicable state and local anchoring requirements for resisting wind forces.
B. 
Construction materials and methods.
(1) 
All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage.
(2) 
All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed using methods and practices that minimize flood damage.
C. 
Utilities.
(1) 
Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing and air-conditioning equipment and other service facilities shall be designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding. When designed for location below the base flood elevation, a professional engineer's or architect's certification is required.
(2) 
All new and replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the system.
(3) 
New and replacement sanitary sewerage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters.
(4) 
On-site waste disposal systems shall be located to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding.
D. 
Subdivision proposals.
(1) 
All subdivision proposals shall be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage.
(2) 
All subdivision proposals shall have public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical and water systems located and constructed to minimize flood damage.
(3) 
All subdivision proposals shall have adequate drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood damage.
(4) 
Base flood elevation data shall be provided for all subdivision proposals and other proposed developments, including proposals for manufactured home park subdivisions.
E. 
Encroachments.
(1) 
All proposed development in riverine situations where no flood elevation data is available (unnumbered A Zones) shall be analyzed to determine the effects on the flood-carrying capacity of the areas of special flood hazard set forth in § 121-12A(3). This may require the submission of additional technical data to assist in the determination.
(2) 
In all areas of special flood hazard in which base flood elevation data is available pursuant to § 121-12B or Subsection D(4) above and no floodway has been determined, the cumulative effects of any proposed development, when combined with all other existing and anticipated development, shall not increase the water surface elevation of the base flood more than one inch at any point.
(3) 
In all areas of special flood hazard where floodway data is provided or available pursuant to § 121-12B, the requirements of § 121-15, Floodways, shall apply.
In all areas of special flood hazard where base flood elevation data has been provided as set forth in § 121-6, Basis for establishing areas of special flood hazard, and § 121-12B, Use of other base flood and floodway data, the following standards are required:
A. 
Residential construction. New construction and subsequent improvements of any residential structure shall:
(1) 
Have the lowest floor, including basement or cellar, elevated to two feet above the base flood elevation.
(2) 
Have fully enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are subject to flooding designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a licensed professional engineer or architect or meet or exceed the following minimum criteria:
(a) 
A minimum of two openings having a total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding shall be provided;
(b) 
The bottom of all such openings shall be no higher than one foot above the lowest adjacent finished grade; and
(c) 
Openings may be equipped with louvers, valves, screens or other coverings or devices, provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters.
B. 
Nonresidential construction. New construction and substantial improvements of any commercial, industrial or other nonresidential structure, together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, shall either have the lowest floor, including basement or cellar, elevated to or above the base flood elevation or be floodproofed to the base flood level.
(1) 
If the structure is to be elevated, fully enclosed areas below the base flood elevation shall be designed to automatically (without human intervention) allow for the entry and exit of floodwaters for the purpose of equalizing hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a licensed professional engineer or a licensed architect or meet the following criteria:
(a) 
A minimum of two openings having a total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding shall be provided;
(b) 
The bottom of all such openings shall be no higher than one foot above the lowest adjacent finished grade; and
(c) 
Openings may be equipped with louvers, valves, screens or other coverings or devices, provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters.
(2) 
If the structure is to be floodproofed:
(a) 
A licensed professional engineer or architect shall develop and/or review structural design specifications and plans for the construction and shall certify that the design and methods of construction are in accordance with accepted standards of practice to make the structure watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water, with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy; and
(b) 
A licensed professional engineer or licensed land surveyor shall certify the specific elevation (in relation to mean sea level) to which the structure is floodproofed.
(3) 
The local administrator shall maintain on record a copy of all such certificates noted in this section.
C. 
Construction standards for areas of special flood hazard without base flood elevations.
(1) 
New construction or substantial improvements of structures, including manufactured homes, shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated at least two feet above the highest adjacent grade next to the proposed foundation of the structure.
(2) 
Fully enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are subject to flooding shall be designed to automatically (without human intervention) allow for the entry and exit of floodwaters for the purpose of equalizing hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a licensed professional engineer or a licensed architect or meet the following criteria:
(a) 
A minimum of two openings having a total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding shall be provided;
(b) 
The bottom of all such openings shall be no higher than one foot above the lowest adjacent finished grade; and
(c) 
Openings may be equipped with louvers, valves, screens or other coverings or devices, provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters.
Located within the areas of special flood hazard are areas designated as "floodways." (See definition in § 121-4.) The floodway is an extremely hazardous area due to high-velocity floodwaters carrying debris and posing additional threats from potential erosion forces. When floodway data is available for a particular site as provided by §§ 121-6 and 121-12, all encroachments, including fill, new construction, substantial improvements and other development, are prohibited within the limits of the floodway unless a technical evaluation demonstrates that such encroachments shall not result in any increase in flood levels during the occurrence of the base flood discharge.
A. 
The Zoning Board of Appeals, as established by the Town of Union, shall hear and decide appeals and requests for variances from the requirements of this chapter.
B. 
The Zoning Board of Appeals shall hear and decide appeals when it is alleged that there is an error in any requirement, decision or determination made by the local administrator in the enforcement or administration of this chapter.
C. 
Those aggrieved by the decision of the Zoning Board of Appeals may appeal such decision to the Supreme Court pursuant to Article 78 of the Civil Practice Law and Rules.
D. 
In passing upon such applications, the Zoning Board of Appeals shall consider all technical evaluations, all relevant factors, standards specified in other sections of this chapter and:
(1) 
The danger that materials may be swept onto other lands to the injury of others.
(2) 
The danger to life and property due to flooding or erosion damage.
(3) 
The susceptibility of the proposed facility and its contents to flood damage and the effect of such damage on the individual owner.
(4) 
The importance of the services provided by the proposed facility to the community.
(5) 
The necessity to the facility of a waterfront location, where applicable.
(6) 
The availability of alternative locations for the proposed use which are not subject to flooding or erosion damage.
(7) 
The compatibility of the proposed use with existing and anticipated development.
(8) 
The relationship of the proposed use to the Comprehensive Plan and floodplain management program of that area.
(9) 
The safety of access to the property in times of flood for ordinary and emergency vehicles.
(10) 
The costs to local governments and the dangers associated with conducting search and rescue operations during periods of flooding.
(11) 
The expected heights, velocity, duration, rate of rise and sediment transport of the floodwaters and the effects of wave action, if applicable, expected at the site.
(12) 
The costs of providing governmental services during and after flood conditions, including search and rescue operations and maintenance and repair of public utilities and facilities, such as sewer, gas, electrical and water systems and streets and bridges.
E. 
Upon consideration of the factors of Subsection D and the purposes of this chapter, the Zoning Board of Appeals may attach such conditions to the granting of variances as it deems necessary to further the purposes of this chapter.
F. 
The local administrator shall maintain the records of all appeal actions, including technical information, and report any variances to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, upon request.
A. 
Generally, variances may be issued for new construction and substantial improvements to be erected on a lot of 1/2 acre or less in size contiguous to and surrounded by lots with existing structures constructed below the base flood level, provided that the items in § 121-16D(1) through (12) have been fully considered. As the lot size increases beyond the 1/2 acre, the technical justification required for issuing the variance increases.
B. 
Variances may be issued for the reconstruction, rehabilitation or restoration of structures and contributing structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places or the State Inventory of Historic Places, without regard to the procedures set forth in this chapter.
C. 
Variances may be issued by a community for new construction and substantial improvements and for other development necessary for the conduct of a functionally dependent use, provided that:
(1) 
The criteria of Subsections A, D, E and F of this section are met.
(2) 
The structure or other development is protected by methods that minimize flood damages during the base flood and create no additional threats to public safety.
D. 
Variances shall not be issued within any designated floodway if any increase in flood levels during the base flood discharge would result.
E. 
Variances shall only be issued upon a determination that the variance is the minimum necessary, considering the flood hazard, to afford relief.
F. 
Variances shall only be issued upon receiving written justification of:
(1) 
A showing of good and sufficient cause;
(2) 
A determination that failure to grant the variance would result in exceptional hardship to the applicant; and
(3) 
A determination that the granting of a variance will not result in increased flood heights, additional threats to public safety or extraordinary public expense or create nuisances, cause fraud on or victimization of the public or conflict with existing local laws or ordinances.
G. 
Any applicant to whom a variance is granted for a building with the lowest floor below the base flood elevation shall be given written notice that the cost of flood insurance will be commensurate with the increased risk.
This chapter shall take effect immediately upon filing in the office of the Secretary of State in accordance with § 27 of the Municipal Home Rule Law.