[Amended 12-18-2007 by Ord. No. 07-24]
Sidewalks constructed in the residential, apartment
house, business or industrial zones, as defined and set forth in the
Zoning Ordinance of the Borough,[1] shall be constructed of concrete.
The following specifications provide specifications
for the construction of sidewalks of one-to-two-to-three concrete
and of the single-course type. Such sidewalks shall have a minimum
width of four feet and a minimum thickness of four inches:
A.
Materials. The materials used shall be as follows:
(1)
Sand. Sand for concrete and mortar shall be Cow Bay
sand or washed sand equal to Cow Bay, clean, coarse silica sand containing
not more than 5% of clay or loam and free from any organic matter
coating the grains. All of the particles must pass a one-fourth-inch
mesh sieve, not more than 30% by volume shall pass a No. 50 sieve
and not over 6% shall pass a No. 100 sieve.
(2)
Crushed stone. The coarse aggregate for concrete shall
be broken trap rock or dolomite free from dust screenings, clay, dirt
or other objectionable substances. It shall be uniformly graded from
3/8 inch to 3/4 inch in size. It must not contain flat or elongated
pieces and must be hard and durable.
(3)
Cement. Cement used for concrete shall be air-entraining
cement and shall conform to the latest revision of the American Society
for Testing and Materials: C-175 Type IIA. Unless otherwise permitted,
only one brand of cement shall be used at the same time.
(4)
Cinders. Steam cinders used in the work shall be free
from particles that will pass through a one-fourth-inch mesh screen
and shall be composed of hard, durable cinders homogenous in character.
B.
Construction. The construction requirements shall
be as follows:
(1)
Excavation. All grass, roots, sod or other materials
unsuitable for a foundation shall be removed, together with such earth
and rock as is necessary to permit the surface of the sidewalk to
be laid to the proper grade. Where the sidewalk has to be placed on
fill, the fill shall be deposited in six-inch layers and rolled or
tamped.
(2)
Drainage.
(a)
Where the subgrade is wet or apt to be frequently
water-soaked, provision shall be made to secure adequate drainage
by excavating the unsuitable material and filling in with tamped cinders,
sand, gravel or crushed stone and, if necessary, by laying drainpipes.
(b)
The Borough Engineer may order such work done
or may substitute equally efficient measures for securing adequate
drainage if, in his opinion, such work is necessary in order to secure
good construction
(3)
Subbase. Unless otherwise permitted, all sidewalks
shall be laid on a foundation of cinders which have been thoroughly
compacted by tamping, ramming and wetting. The cinder foundation shall
have a minimum thickness, measured after compacting, of four inches.
The Borough Engineer may increase or decrease this depth of cinders
or may omit it entirely when, in his opinion, the nature of the subsoil
warrants such action.
(4)
Concrete. Concrete shall be composed of one part cement,
two parts sand and three parts crushed stone. The mixing shall be
done in an approved type of concrete mixer and shall be carried on
for at least 50 revolutions and not more than 150 revolutions at the
manufacturer's specified speed. Transit-mix concrete may be used,
provided that the Borough Engineer is at liberty to inspect all materials
at the central mixing plant. The drum of the mixer shall be vented
during mixing. Excessive air-entraining due to overlong mixing shall
be corrected as directed by the Borough Engineer. The volume of entrained
air shall be equal to 3% to 6% of the volume of concrete. The concrete
shall be laid at once on the prepared bed in one layer in slabs of
five feet in length and of a minimum width of four feet. Steel plates
may be used to form the joints between the slabs. Such plates shall
be 1/4 inch in thickness and shall be removed before the pouring of
the adjoining slab. Slabs shall be poured alternately, that is, every
other slab shall be poured and allowed to harden before the pouring
of the one in between. The sidewalks shall be finished by floating
with a wood float. Care shall be exercised to bring sufficient mortar
to the surface. Bituminous felt joints 1/2 inch thick shall be spaced
at intervals not greater than 75 feet apart. These joints shall also
be placed wherever the sidewalk intersects any other walk or curb.
(5)
Height above curb; slope. All sidewalks shall be at
least one inch above the finished curb and shall have a slope of 1/4
inch per foot of width towards the curb.
(6)
Protection of surface. When completed, all walks shall
be kept moist and protected from traffic and the elements for three
to four days according to weather conditions. The forms shall be removed
with great care, and, upon their removal, the edges of the walks shall
be protected in a suitable manner.
C.
Driveways. If driveways are required, they shall be
built in the same manner as prescribed for sidewalks, except that
they are to be six inches in thickness. A bituminous felt joint shall
be placed between the driveway and curb.
D.
Driveway aprons. Driveway aprons shall be considered
to consist of that portion of the driveway extending from the curbline
to the edge of the sidewalk nearest the curb. The edge of the sidewalk
nearest the curb shall not be higher than the top line of the curb
if projected, and the apron shall run in a straight grade from this
edge to the bottom of the driveway opening or gutter.
E.
Drains under sidewalks. No new leader pipe or other
drain shall discharge over the sidewalk, but shall be carried under
the sidewalk to the gutter in a cast-iron pipe or bituminized fiber
pipe. The hole in the curb shall be round, neatly cut, leaving at
least one inch of solid stone or concrete over the hole, doing no
other damage to the curbing and shall be of no larger diameter than
necessary. When the sidewalk is but four feet wide, the pipes shall
be so laid that the hubs will not come under the sidewalk. In the
place of a cast-iron pipe or bituminized fiber pipe, a trough of masonry
may be constructed and covered with a suitable cover having its top
surface flush with the surface of the sidewalk and of a rough character
to prevent slipping. No trough shall be wider than six inches.
F.
Drop curb at driveways. Drop curbs at driveways shall
be constructed of concrete. Specifications for construction must meet
the Residential Site Improvement Standards for New Jersey. Granite/Belgian
blocks may be used in the drop curb and must meet the RSIS of NJ.
The following specifications provide for the
construction of driveways of bituminous concrete and of the double-course
type.
A.
Materials. The materials used shall be as follows
(1)
Bituminous concrete. All bituminous concrete shall
be prepared from asphalt cement Grades OA3 or OA4, or shall be Tar
T3, T4, all in accordance with the state highway specifications. The
composition of the bituminous concrete shall be in accordance with
state highway specifications for Types FABC-1, hot mix, or A, cold
mix.
(2)
Aggregates. All aggregates used in bituminous mixtures
must comply with the highway specifications referred to in the preceding
subsection.
B.
Construction. The construction requirements shall
be as follows:
(1)
Excavation and subgrade. All grass, roots, sod and
other material unsuitable for a foundation shall be removed, together
with such earth and rock as is necessary to permit the surface of
the sidewalk to be laid to the proper grade. Where the sidewalk has
to be placed on fill, the fill shall be deposited in six-inch layers
and rolled or tamped.
(2)
Drainage. Where the subgrade is wet or apt to be frequently
water-soaked, provision shall be made to secure adequate drainage
by excavating the unsuitable material and filling in with tamped cinders,
sand, gravel or crushed stone and, if necessary, by laying drainpipes.
The Borough Engineer may order such work or may substitute equally
efficient measures for securing adequate drainage if, in his opinion,
such work is necessary in order to secure good construction.
(3)
Stone base and supporting walls. Before laying the
stone base, one-inch-by-six-inch boards or steel edging measuring
at least 1/8 inch thick and equal to the depth of the pavement shall
be placed vertically, on edge, as a form or frame strictly to the
lines and grades as established by the Borough Engineer. The forms
shall be well supported by stakes on the outer side only.
(4)
Spreading. Immediately after being dumped, the bituminous
mixture shall be placed in its final position with forks, rakes or
lutes in such manner as to correct any segregation or other irregularities
in composition and so that the pavement course will have the proper
thickness, grade, contour and weight when finished. No walking shall
be done on the pavement mixture until it is rolled, except when necessary
to adjust surface irregularities by raking. All porous spots, depressions
and projections shall be carefully removed from the top course by
raking. The rate of spreading shall not exceed that at which the raking
can be satisfactorily done. The bituminous mixture may be spread with
a mechanical spreader, provided that notice is given to and approval
received from the Borough Engineer.
(5)
Rolling. Rolling shall be done with a power roller
having a load of not less than 330 pounds per linear inch of tread
of rear wheels and shall be in one direction only. Any roller not
meeting this requirement must be approved by the Borough Engineer
before the work commences.
Any person who shall construct, remove, repair,
replace, reset or alter the sidewalk or cause the construction, removal,
repair, replacement or altering of the sidewalk on any public street
shall do so strictly in accordance with the specifications and requirements
set out in this article and under the supervision and inspection of
the Borough Engineer and shall pay such reasonable fee for inspection
by the Borough Engineer as may be required.
