In all areas of special flood hazard, the following provisions are required:
A. 
New construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the structure.
B. 
New construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage.
C. 
New construction or substantial improvements shall be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood damage.
D. 
Electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing and air-conditioning equipment and other service facilities shall be designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding.
E. 
New and replacement water supply systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the system.
F. 
New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the systems and discharges from the system into floodwaters.
G. 
On-site waste disposal systems shall be located and constructed to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding.
H. 
Manufactured homes.
(1) 
All manufactured homes (including mobile homes placed on a site for 180 consecutive days or longer) to be placed or substantially improved shall be elevated so that the lowest floor is above the base flood elevation.
(2) 
Manufactured homes shall be placed on a permanent foundation which itself is securely anchored and to which the structure is securely anchored so that it will resist flotation, lateral movement and hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures. Anchoring may include but not be limited to the use of over-the-top or frame ties to ground anchors.
(3) 
Manufactured homes shall be installed using methods and practices which minimize flood damage.
(a) 
Adequate access and drainage should be provided.
(b) 
Elevation construction standards include piling foundations placed no more than 10 feet apart, and reinforcement is provided for piers more than six feet above ground level.
(4) 
In any portion of a watercourse which is altered or relocated, the flood-carrying capacity shall be maintained.
(5) 
A structure already in compliance with the provisions of this chapter shall not be made noncompliant by any alteration, repair, reconstruction or improvement to the structure.
The administrator shall obtain, review and reasonably utilize any base flood elevation and floodway data available from a federal, state or other source, including data developed pursuant to § 88-18A(1) of this chapter, as criteria for requiring that new construction, substantial improvements or other development in Zone A on the community's FIRM meet the standards in §§ 88-18A(1), B and C and 88-19.
A. 
In all areas of special flood hazard A1-A30, AE or AH, where base flood elevation data has been provided as set forth in § 88-7 or 88-15C, the following provisions are required:
(1) 
Residential construction. New construction or substantial improvement of any residential structure shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated at least to four feet above the base flood elevation.
(2) 
Nonresidential construction.
(a) 
New construction or substantial improvement of any commercial, industrial or nonresidential structure located in Zone A1-A30, AE and AH shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated at least to four feet above the level of the base flood elevation; or
(b) 
Nonresidential structures located in all A Zones may be floodproofed in lieu of being elevated, provided that, together with all attendant utilities and sanitary facilities, the areas of the structure below the required elevation are watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and use structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and the effect of buoyancy. A registered professional engineer or architect shall review and/or develop structural design, specification and plans for the construction and shall certify that the design and methods of construction are in accordance with acceptable standards of practice for meeting the provisions of this subsection. Such certification shall be provided to the official as set forth in § 88-14A(2).
B. 
Elevated buildings. New construction or substantial improvements of elevated buildings that include fully enclosed areas formed by foundation and other exterior walls below the base flood elevation shall be designed to preclude finished living space and designed to allow for the entry and exit of floodwaters to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls.
(1) 
Designs for complying with this requirement must either be certified by a professional engineer or architect or meet the following minimum criteria:
(a) 
Provide a minimum of two openings having a total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding.
(b) 
The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade.
(c) 
Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves or other coverings or devices, provided that they permit the automatic flow of floodwaters in both directions.
(2) 
Electrical, plumbing and other utility connections are prohibited below the base flood elevation.
(3) 
Access to the enclosed area shall be the minimum necessary to allow for parking of vehicles (garage door) or limited storage of maintenance equipment used in connection with the premises (standard exterior door) or entry to the living area (stairway or elevator).
C. 
Floodways. Located within areas of special flood hazard established in § 88-7 are areas designated as floodways on the community's Flood Boundary and Floodway Map. Since the floodway is an extremely hazardous area due to the velocity of floodwaters which carry debris, potential projectiles and has erosion potential, the following provisions shall apply:
(1) 
Prohibit encroachments, including fill, new construction, substantial improvements and other developments unless certification (with supporting technical data) by a registered professional engineer is provided demonstrating that encroachments shall not result in any increase in flood levels during occurrence of the base flood discharge.
D. 
Standards for areas of shallow flooding (AO Zones). Located within the areas of special flood hazard established in § 88-7 are areas designated as shallow flooding areas (Zones AO and AH). These areas have special flood hazards associated with base flood depths of one to three feet where a clearly defined channel does not exist and where the path of flooding is unpredictable and indeterminate.
(1) 
In AO Zones, the following provisions apply:
(a) 
All new construction and substantial improvements of residential structures shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated to the depth number specified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map, in feet, above the highest adjacent grade. If no depth number is specified, the lowest floor, including basement, shall be elevated at least two feet above the highest adjacent grade.
(b) 
All new construction and substantial improvements of nonresidential structures shall:
[1] 
Have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated to the depth number specified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map, in feet, above the highest adjacent grade. If no depth number is specified, the lowest floor, including basement, shall be elevated at least two feet above the highest adjacent grade.
[2] 
Together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities, be completely floodproofed to or above that level so that any space below that level is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water and with structural components having the capability of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy.
(c) 
On-site drainage for all proposed structures in Zones AO and AH located on slopes shall provide adequate drainage paths to guide floodwaters around and away from such structures.
In all special flood hazard areas, the following requirements shall apply:
A. 
All subdivision proposals shall be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage.
B. 
All subdivision proposals shall have public utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas, electrical and water systems located and constructed to minimize flood damage.
C. 
All subdivision proposals shall have adequate drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood hazards.
D. 
In Zone A, base flood elevation data shall be provided for subdivision proposals and other proposed development (including manufactured home parks and subdivisions) which are five acres or 50 lots, whichever occurs first.