A.
Plumbing, heating, electrical, ventilating, air-conditioning,
refrigerating, cooking, fire-protection and radiation-production equipment,
elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators and other mechanical additions, installations
or systems for the use of the building shall be installed, located and maintained
so that under normal conditions of use such equipment and systems will not
be a danger to health or welfare, a danger because of structural defects or
a source of ignition or a radiation hazard and will not create excessive noise
or otherwise become a nuisance. Equipment and systems include, but are not
limited to, apparatus, devices, fixtures, piping, pipe hangers, pipe covering,
wiring, fittings and materials used as part of or in connection with such
installations.
B.
Equipment and systems subject to damage from freezing
shall be adequately protected against freezing.
C.
Moving parts of equipment which may be a potential hazard
shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact.
B.
Water supply.
(1)
Potable water from an approved source shall be available
at all times in residential buildings. The domestic water supply system of
the building shall be connected to such approved source and shall not be subject
to contamination. When supplied from a public source, the potable water supply
system shall not be connected to private or unsafe supplies.
(2)
Water supply systems shall be installed and maintained
so as to provide at all times a supply of water to plumbing fixtures, devices
and appurtenances in sufficient volume and at pressures adequate to enable
them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under all normal conditions
of use.
(3)
Water supply systems shall be installed and maintained
so that water used for purposes of cooling or heating shall not be reintroduced
into the domestic water supply system nor be distributed through such equipment
to plumbing fixtures.
(4)
Hot-water supply systems shall be provided with safety
devices arranged to relieve hazardous pressures and excessive temperatures.
C.
Sewage drainage system.
(1)
Plumbing fixtures shall be drained to a sewage drainage
system, and such system shall be connected to a public sewer or to an adequate
and approved system of sewage disposal.
(2)
Where a public sewer is not available, a system shall
be provided to receive and dispose of sewage without health hazard or nuisance.
(3)
Sewage or other waste which may be deleterious to surface
or subsurface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into a waterway
unless it has first been rendered harmless through subjection to treatment
in conformity with generally accepted standards.
(4)
Substances which will clog the pipes, produce explosive
mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage
disposal process shall not be discharged into the building drainage system
unless it is provided with approved devices suitable for intercepting such
substances.
(5)
Each fixture directly connected to the sewage drainage
system shall be equipped with a water seal trap.
(6)
Adequate cleanouts shall be provided and maintained so
that the pipes may be readily cleaned.
(7)
The drainage system and its attendant vent piping shall
be maintained so as to provide adequate circulation of air in all pipes in
order that siphonage, aspiration or pressure will not cause a loss of trap
seal under ordinary conditions of use.
(8)
Each vent terminal to the outer air shall be installed
and maintained so as to minimize the possibilities of clogging, frost closure,
the return of foul air to the building or the creation of a nuisance to adjacent
premises.
(9)
Drains provided for fixtures, devices, appliances or
apparatus containing food, water, sterile goods or similar materials shall
be equipped with air breaks adequate to prevent contamination of such contents
from any possible backup of sewage through the direct or indirect drainage
piping.
D.
Storm drainage.
(1)
Roofs and paved areas, including yards and courts, shall
be drained. Storm drainage shall be conveyed to an adequate and approved system
of stormwater disposal where available. Storm drains shall be discharged in
such manner that water will not flow onto sidewalks.
(2)
Where a drainage system may be subject to backwater,
suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow into the building.
(3)
Leaders and gutters, if used, shall be constructed of
noncombustible material, except that wood leaders and gutters may be used
for buildings not more than three stories high.
E.
Plumbing facilities.
(1)
Buildings and portions thereof shall be provided with
plumbing systems designed to dispose of the sewage from all fixtures and to
furnish cold water to every water closet and urinal and hot and cold water
to every sink, lavatory, bathtub and shower required therein. In multiple
dwellings, hot water shall be furnished at a temperature range of 130°
to 140° F. from 6:00 a.m. to 12:00 midnight.
(4)
Where multiple dwellings contain sleeping accommodations
arranged as a dormitory, for each multiple of 15 persons or fraction thereof
so accommodated, there shall be provided and located adjacent thereto plumbing
fixtures consisting of at least:
(5)
Urinals may be substituted in men's toilet rooms
for not more than 1/3 of the required number of water closets.
(6)
Privies, privy vaults and outhouses shall be prohibited
on residential premises.
F.
Plumbing fixtures.
(1)
Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth, nonabsorbent
material and shall be free from concealed fouling surfaces.
(2)
Plumbing fixtures shall be so spaced as to be reasonably
accessible for their intended use.
(3)
Plumbing fixtures shall be located in spaces that are
accessible, lighted and ventilated.
G.
Swimming pools.
(1)
Water supply used for filling or for cleaning of the
pool shall be clean. Water supply shall be protected against potential pollution
from all sources, including crossconnection and backflow.
(2)
Drains shall be provided so that the pool can be safely
and adequately drained. Drains shall be provided in floors surrounding the
swimming pool and arranged so that water from such areas will drain without
entering the pool.
(3)
Filtering, sterilizing and auxiliary equipment, where
required, shall be adequate to maintain the sanitary quality of water during
each period the pool is in use. Equipment containing gases or disinfectants
capable of giving off irritating, toxic or flammable fumes shall be located
in ventilated rooms.
(4)
The installation shall be arranged and maintained to
prevent dirt, sand or other foreign matter from entering the bathing area.
H.
Water supply tanks.
(1)
Water supply tanks shall be installed and maintained
so as to be watertight, verminproof, rodentproof, resistant to corrosion and
capable of withstanding the working pressures under normal operation.
(2)
Supports for tanks shall be of noncombustible construction.
(3)
Tanks and their supports shall not be used to support
equipment or structures other than for tank use, except where specially designed
for such other use.
(4)
Means for emptying water supply tanks shall be provided
and maintained in proper working condition.
(5)
Potable water supply tanks for domestic supply and standpipe
or automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed and maintained to furnish
water in sufficient quantity and pressure for such systems.
A.
General requirements.
B.
Shutoff valves.
(1)
Gas piping systems shall have at least one accessible
means for shutting off all gas supply, and such means shall be maintained
in good operating condition.
(2)
An easily accessible shutoff valve or cock shall be provided
in the piping in close proximity to and ahead of every outlet for a gas appliance.
C.
Service equipment for gas supplied from utility mains.
Gas services, gas meters and gas-pressure regulators shall be located so that
they are protected from damage.
D.
Gas refrigerators and ranges. Gas refrigerators and ranges
shall be installed with clearance for ventilation and shall be maintained
in good operating condition.
E.
High-pressure gas. Any service connection supplying gas
at a pressure in excess of one pound per square inch gauge shall be provided
with a device to reduce such pressure to not more than 1/2 pound per square
inch gauge prior to entering the meter, except where such service supplies
equipment using gas at high pressures.
F.
Liquefied petroleum gas.
(1)
Undiluted liquefied petroleum gas in liquid form shall
not be conveyed through piping equipment and systems in buildings.
(2)
Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be vaporized by devices
utilizing an open flame or open electrical coil.
(3)
Where two or more containers are installed, connection
shall be arranged so that containers can be replaced without shutting off
the flow of gas to equipment.
(4)
Containers shall be designed, stored and located so as
not to be a hazard to the premises served or to the surrounding property.
(5)
Systems shall be provided with safety devices to relieve
excessive pressures and shall be arranged so that the discharge terminates
at a safe location.
(6)
Systems shall have at least (1) accessible means for
shutting off the gas. Such means shall be located outside the building and
shall be maintained in good operating condition.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Residential buildings intended for occupancy between
the first day of November and the first day of May the following year shall
be provided with heating equipment designed to maintain a temperature of not
less than 70° F. at a distance of three feet and more from the exterior
walls and at a level of five feet above the floor in habitable spaces, kitchenettes,
bathrooms and toilet rooms. The capability of the heating equipment to maintain
such indoor temperature shall be based on the average of the recorded annual
minimum outside temperatures for the locality.
(2)
In multiple dwellings, adequate heat shall be provided
to maintain the indoor temperature in habitable spaces, kitchenettes, bathrooms
and toilet rooms at 70° F. from 6:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. when the outside
temperature falls below 55° F..
B.
Smoke control. Fuel-burning heat-producing equipment
shall be installed and maintained so that the emission or discharge into the
atmosphere of smoke, dust, particles, odors or other products of combustion
will not create a nuisance or be detrimental to the health, comfort, safety
or property of any person.
C.
Warm-air heating. Ducts and other air-handling equipment
used for heating shall conform to the requirements of such equipment used
for ventilating purposes.
D.
Prohibited locations for heat-producing equipment. Fuel-burning
water heaters shall not be located in sleeping rooms, bathrooms or toilet
rooms.
E.
Fuel-supply connection. Fuel-burning equipment shall
be permanently fastened and connected in place. Fuel-supply connection to
such equipment shall be made with pipe or tubing of solid metal.
F.
Installation and clearance. Where heat-producing equipment
is installed on or adjacent to combustible materials, the location, insulation,
clearance and the control of the equipment shall be such that the temperature
on the surface of the combustible materials will not exceed a safe temperature.
G.
Air supply.
(1)
Direct-fired heat-producing equipment and the enclosure
in which it is located shall be provided with a supply of air adequate both
for complete combustion at the rated gross output of the equipment and for
the ventilation of the enclosure to prevent the accumulation of heat.
(2)
Rooms containing fuel-burning equipment shall have such
air supply provided by means of one or more openings to the exterior or by
means of fixed openings to interior spaces which open to the exterior.
H.
Removal of products of combustion.
(1)
Equipment for burning solid or liquid fuel shall be connected
to suitable chimneys or flues and shall not be connected to gas vents. Unvented
heaters burning liquid fuel shall be prohibited.
(2)
Fuel-burning space heaters located in sleeping rooms
or rooms normally kept closed shall be connected to a suitable chimney, flue
or gas vent.
(3)
Gas-fired equipment shall be connected to a suitable
chimney, flue or gas vent when the discharge products of combustion into the
space where the equipment is installed would be a hazard.
I.
Safety devices.
(1)
Equipment capable of developing hazardous pressures or
temperatures shall be provided with means to relieve safely such pressures
and temperatures.
(2)
Controls for the safe operation of automatically operated
heat-producing equipment shall be provided to function as follows:
(a)
When failure or interruption of flame or ignition occurs,
the fuel supply shall be cut off.
(b)
When a predetermined temperature or pressure is exceeded,
the input of additional heat shall be prevented or reduced to a safe rate.
(c)
When the water level in a steam boiler drops below a
predetermined level, the fuel supply shall be cut off.
(d)
When failure or interruption of pilot light or main burner
of liquefied-petroleum-gas equipment occurs, the fuel supply to each pilot
light and main burner shall be cut off.
J.
Heating of garages. Fuel-burning equipment for garages
servicing multiple dwellings shall be located in heater rooms, except that
equipment burning gas or liquid fuel, located in the vehicle storage space,
shall be permitted in stories at or above grade where elevated so as not to
be exposed to possible accumulation of flammable gases.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Chimneys, flues, gas vents and their supports shall be
installed and maintained so as to be structurally safe, durable, smoketight,
noncombustible and capable of withstanding the action of flue gases without
softening, cracking, corroding or spalling.
(2)
Such facilities shall effectively convey the products
of combustion to the outer air.
(3)
Masonry chimneys, except approved prefabricated chimneys,
shall have noncombustible foundations.
(4)
Flue linings shall be capable of withstanding the action
of flue gas without softening, cracking, corroding or spalling at the temperature
to which they will be subjected.
(5)
Openings for smoke pipes or gas-vent connections shall
be provided with means for easy connection without restriction of flue.
(6)
No flue shall have smoke pipes or gas-vent connections
in more than one story of a building.
(7)
Fuel-burning equipment and fireplaces located in different
tenancies shall not be connected to the same flue.
B.
Firesafety. Chimneys, flues and gas vents shall be installed
and maintained so that under conditions of use the temperature of any combustible
material adjacent thereto, insulated therefrom or in contact therewith does
not exceed a safe temperature.
C.
Spark arresters. A chimney or flue connected to an incinerator
and a chimney or flue which may emit sparks shall be provided with a spark
arrester of noncombustible construction. Spark arresters shall have sufficient
total clear area to permit unrestricted passage of flue gases. Openings in
spark arresters shall be of such size as to prevent passage of embers and
to minimize clogging by soot.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Incinerators shall be of adequate capacity for the intended
use.
(2)
Flue-fed incinerators shall be equipped with means for
burning auxiliary fuel in sufficient quantity to assure complete combustion
of refuse.
(3)
A flue serving an incinerator shall be provided with
a substantially constructed spark arrester.
(4)
Incinerators shall be connected to a suitable noncombustible
chimney, smokestack or flue.
(5)
Connections to incinerators shall provide free passage
of refuse without clogging.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed in
conformity with generally accepted standards and maintained so as not to be
a potential source of ignition of combustible material or a potential source
of electrical hazard.
(2)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be firmly secured
to the surface on which it is mounted.
(3)
Electrical wiring and equipment installed in damp or
wet locations or where exposed to explosive or flammable gases or to excessive
temperatures shall be of a type approved for the purposes and location.
(4)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be protected against
excessive current by properly rated overcurrent devices.
(5)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be grounded or
otherwise protected by insulation, isolation or guarding so as to minimize
the danger of high voltages from lightning or other causes.
(6)
Electrical equipment which in ordinary operation produces
arcs or sparks shall be enclosed unless separated and isolated from all combustible
material.
(7)
Service equipment and overcurrent-protection devices
shall be installed and maintained in a readily accessible location.
B.
Artificial lighting.
(1)
Residential buildings and occupancies shall be wired
for electricity, and lighting equipment shall be installed throughout to provide
adequate illumination for the intended use of each space. Electric wiring
system shall be connected to an adequate source of supply.
(2)
There shall be a switch or other means for controlling
a light in each dwelling unit near the point of entrance to such unit.
C.
Exit and directional signs.
(1)
Exits in multiple dwellings shall be provided with exit
and directional signs visible from the approach to the exits, except that
such signs shall not be required in those portions of a building which contain
dwelling units only or in which exit from sleeping rooms is directly to the
outside.
(2)
Directional signs shall be provided at locations from
which the exit doorway is not readily discernible.
(3)
Such signs shall be worded in plainly legible block letters
with the word EXIT for exit signs and the words TO EXIT with a suitable pointer
or arrow indicating the direction of exit for directional signs. Letters for
signs shall be conspicuous, readily discernible and at least six inches high,
except that for internally illuminated signs the height of such letters shall
be at least 4 1/2 inches.
(4)
Exit and directional signs shall be illuminated either
externally or internally by electric lights and shall be kept illuminated
at all times when the building is occupied.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Each dwelling unit shall be provided with appropriate
cooking and refrigeration equipment.
(2)
Cooking and refrigeration equipment shall be maintained
in good operating condition.
(3)
Gas-burning cooking equipment shall be permanently fastened
and connected in place. Gas-supply connection to such equipment shall be made
with pipe or tubing of solid metal.
(4)
Solid-fuel-burning cooking equipment shall be appropriately
vented.
B.
Communal cooking and dining facilities. Communal kitchens
and dining rooms shall comply with the following requirements:
(1)
Communal kitchens shall contain at least one kitchen
sink, at least one kitchen gas or electric stove equipped with an oven and
not fewer than four top burners and at least one electric or gas-type refrigerator
with adequate food-storage capacity, but in no case less than eight cubic
feet nominal size. Dining space and eating facilities, where provided in the
kitchen area, shall comply with the requirements for communal dining rooms.
(2)
Communal dining rooms shall contain at least one dining
chair and two linear feet of dining space for each occupant permitted in a
dining room at any particular time.
B.
Multiple dwellings.
(2)
Ventilating systems.
(a)
Ventilating systems shall be installed and maintained
so that the rapid spread of heat, flame or smoke through the system will be
prevented and so that, under conditions of use, the temperature of any combustible
material adjacent thereto or in contact therewith will not exceed a safe temperature.
(b)
Stairways, passageways, exits, shafts, hoistways or attics
shall not be used as plenum chambers.
(c)
Ducts shall be securely fastened in place and appropriately
fire-stopped.
(d)
Ducts and other air-handling equipment shall be of noncombustible
material.
(e)
Filters shall be installed and maintained so as not to
constitute a fire or smoke hazard.
(f)
Ducts passing through or located within combustible construction
shall be separated from such construction by a clearance of at least 1/2 inch
or by a noncumbustible insulating material at least 1/4 inch thick.
(g)
Air required for ventilation shall be taken from the
exterior or shall be quality controlled.
(h)
Exhaust air from a dwelling unit or a space whose contents
may emit odors, fumes or vapors shall not be circulated to other occupied
spaces within the buildings.
(3)
Air-intake and -exhaust openings.
(a)
Air-intake and -exhaust openings shall be installed,
located and maintained so as not to constitute a hazard or nuisance and so
as to prevent the possibility of fire, smoke, fumes or foreign matter being
drawn into the system.
(b)
Ventilating systems shall be provided with adequate openings
for incoming and outgoing air to obtain the required circulation. Intake openings
shall provide air from an uncontaminated source.
(c)
Where openings for mechanical exhaust are located in
spaces that also contain fuel-burning equipment, there shall be provided fixed
intake openings from the exterior to supply sufficient air so that the fuel-burning
equipment is not adversely affected.
(d)
Exhaust opening shall be located so that the exhaust
air will not create a nuisance.
(4)
Ventilation requirements.
(a)
Enclosures or spaces where heat, gases, vapors or odors
may accumulate and become a potential source of hazard or nuisance shall be
provided with adequate means of ventilation to remove such excess.
(b)
Public spaces shall be provided with means for obtaining
air supply for the maximum number of persons for which such spaces are designed.
(5)
Safety controls.
(a)
Manually operated controls shall be provided to stop
the operation of all central fan equipment. Such controls shall be conspicuously
identified and in readily accessible locations outside the fan room.
(b)
Every system using recirculated air and serving an assembly
space or more than one fire area or more than one story of a building shall
be provided with controls arranged so that, under an abnormal rise in temperature
of the air in the system, the fans causing normal circulation shall stop and
require manual restart.
(c)
Every system for ventilating an assembly space shall
be provided with an emergency switch conveniently located and with a durable
sign giving instructions for shutting down the system in case of fire.
A.
General requirements. Fuel oil shall be received, stored
and conveyed by means of fixed liquidtight equipment.
C.
Piping.
(1)
Automatically operated boilers and furnaces using fuel
oil shall be provided with a remote control to stop the flow of oil during
a fire or other emergency.
(2)
Filling, emptying and venting of tanks shall be by means
of fixed piping. Pipes to underground tanks shall be pitched toward tanks.
Terminals of fill and vent pipes shall be located outside buildings at a safe
distance from building openings.
A.
Fire alarm systems. Required fire alarm systems shall
be maintained in proper operating condition at all times.
B.
Sprinkler equipment.
(1)
Required sprinkler equipment shall be maintained in proper
operating condition at all times. Storage of materials shall cause minimum
interference to effective discharge of water.
(2)
Valves controlling water supply to sprinklers shall be
secure in the open position.
(3)
Sprinkler heads shall be maintained free of corrosion
and paint.
D.
Portable extinguishers.
(1)
Each oil burner for boiler, furnace or central hot-water
heater shall be provided with an approved hand fire extinguisher or two round-bottom
pails filled with sand.
(2)
Portable extinguishers required for fire protection shall
be in their designated locations and in a condition which will permit efficient
operation without delay.
A.
Elevators, dumbwaiters and escalators shall be maintained
so as to be free from physical and fire hazards.
B.
Elevator and power-operated dumbwaiter cars shall be
provided with durable signs in conspicuous locations on which the rated capacity
shall be indicated.
C.
Elevator cars shall be provided with approved means for
transmitting a signal outside the hoistway in case of emergency.
D.
Hoistways and pits shall be maintained free of refuse.
E.
Machine rooms shall be maintained free of oil and grease
and shall not be used for storage of articles or materials unecessary for
the maintenance of the elevator or dumbwatier. Flammable liquids shall not
be kept in such rooms.
F.
No person shall at any time make any required safety
device or electrical protective device inoperative, except where necessary
during tests, inspections or maintenance.
