A.
Plumbing, heating, electrical, ventilating, air-conditioning, refrigerating,
cooking, fire-protection and radiation-production equipment, elevators,
dumbwaiters, escalators and other mechanical additions, installations
or systems for the use of the building shall be installed, located
and maintained so that, under normal conditions of use, such equipment
and systems will not be a danger to health or a source of ignition
or a radiation hazard and will not create excessive noise or otherwise
become a nuisance. Equipment and systems include but are not limited
to apparatus, devices, fixtures, piping, pipe hangers, pipe covering,
wiring, fittings and materials used as part of or in connection with
such installations.
B.
Equipment and systems subject to damage from freezing shall be adequately
protected against freezing.
C.
Moving parts of equipment which may be a potential hazard shall be
guarded to protect against accidental contact.
B.
Water supply.
(1)
Every dwelling unit and lodging house shall be supplied with a potable
water supply. The domestic water system of the building shall be connected
to such approved source and shall not be subject to contamination.
When supplied from a public source, the potable water supply system
shall not be connected to private water supplies.
(2)
When water supply is not from the city mains, the source and system
utilized shall be approved by the Board or Department of Health of
the County of Orleans.
(3)
The supply and pressure shall be sufficient at all times for the
operation of all installed plumbing fixtures and equipment.
(4)
Hot-water supply systems shall be provided with safety devices to
relieve hazardous pressures and excessive temperatures.
(5)
All dwelling units shall be supplied with hot water having a temperature
of not less than 140° F. at the water-heating equipment.
[Added 5-23-1972]
C.
Sewage drainage system.
(1)
Plumbing fixtures shall be drained to a sewage drainage system, and
such system shall be connected to a public sewer, if available, or
to an adequate and approved system of sewage disposal.
(2)
Where a public sewer is not available, a system designed to receive
and dispose of sewage without health hazard or nuisance shall be provided
and shall be approved by the Board or Department of Health of the
County of Orleans.
D.
Storm drainage.
(1)
Roofs and paved areas, including yards and courts, shall be drained.
Storm drainage shall be conveyed to an adequate and approved system
of stormwater disposal, where available. Storm drains shall be discharged
in such manner that water will not flow onto sidewalks.
(2)
Where a drainage system may be subject to backwater, suitable provision
shall be made to prevent its overflow into the building.
(3)
Leaders and gutters, if used, shall be constructed of noncombustible
material, except that wood leaders and gutters may be used for buildings
not more than three stories high.
E.
Plumbing facilities.
(1)
Buildings and portions thereof shall be provided with plumbing systems
designed to dispose of the sewage from all fixtures and furnish cold
water to every water closet and urinal and hot and cold water to every
sink, lavatory, bathtub and shower required therein.
(3)
(4)
Urinals may be substituted in men's toilet rooms for not more
than 1/3 of the required number of water closets.
(5)
Privies, privy vaults and outhouses shall be prohibited, except on
construction projects.
A.
General requirements.
B.
Shutoff valves.
(1)
Gas piping systems shall have at least one accessible means for shutting
off all gas supply, and such means shall be maintained in good operating
condition.
(2)
An easily accessible shutoff valve or cock shall be provided in the
piping in close proximity to and ahead of every outlet for a gas appliance.
C.
Service equipment for gas supplied from utility mains. Gas services,
gas meters and gas pressure regulators shall be located so that they
are protected from damage.
D.
Gas refrigerators and ranges. Gas refrigerators and ranges shall
be installed with clearance for ventilation and shall be maintained
in good operating condition.
E.
High-pressure gas. Any service connection supplying gas at a pressure
in excess of one pound per square inch gauge shall be provided with
a device to reduce such pressure to not more than 1/2 pound per square
inch gauge prior to entering the meter, except where such service
supplies equipment using gas at high pressures.
F.
Liquefied petroleum gas.
(1)
Undiluted liquefied petroleum gas in liquid form shall not be conveyed
through piping equipment and systems in buildings.
(2)
Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be vaporized by devices utilizing
open flame or open electrical coil.
(3)
Where two or more containers are installed, connection shall be arranged
so that containers can be replaced without shutting off the flow of
gas to equipment.
(4)
Containers shall be designed, stored and located so as not to be
a hazard to the premises served or to the surrounding property.
(5)
Systems shall be provided with safety devices to relieve excessive
pressures and shall be arranged so that the discharge terminates at
a safe location.
(6)
Systems shall have at least one accessible means of shutting off
the gas. Such means shall be located outside the building and shall
be maintained in good operating conditions.
A.
General requirements.
[Amended 5-23-1972]
(1)
All dwelling units shall be provided with heating equipment designed
to maintain a temperature of not less than 70° F. at a distance
of three feet and more from exterior walls and at a level of five
feet above the floor in habitable spaces, kitchenettes, bathrooms
and toilet rooms. The capability of the heating equipment to maintain
such indoor temperatures shall be based on a minimum outside temperature
of 0° F.
(2)
In all dwelling units, adequate heat shall be provided to maintain
the indoor temperature in habitable spaces, kitchenettes, bathrooms
and toilet rooms at 70° F.
B.
Smoke control. Fuel-burning heat-producing equipment shall be installed
and maintained so that the emission or discharge into the atmosphere
of smoke, dust, particles, odors or other products of combustion will
not create a nuisance or be detrimental to the health, comfort, safety
or property of any person.
C.
Warm-air heating. Ducts and other warm-air handling equipment used
for heating shall be of noncombustible material, securely fastened
in place, with all joints made mechanically tight.
D.
Prohibited locations for heat-producing equipment. Fuel-burning water
heaters shall not be located in habitable space, bathrooms, toilet
rooms or kitchenettes.
E.
Fuel supply connection. Fuel-burning equipment shall be permanently
fastened and connected in place. Fuel supply connection to such equipment
shall be made with pipe or tubing of solid metal.
F.
Installation and clearance. Where heat-producing equipment is installed
on or adjacent to combustible materials, the location, insulation,
clearance and the control of the equipment shall be such that the
temperature on the surface of the combustible materials will not exceed
175° F.
G.
Air supply.
(1)
Direct-fired heat-producing equipment and the enclosure in which
it is located shall be provided with a supply of air adequate both
for complete combustion at the rated gross output of the equipment
and for the ventilation of the enclosure to prevent the accumulation
of heat.
(2)
Spaces containing fuel-burning equipment shall have such air supply
provided by means of one or more openings to the exterior or by means
of fixed openings to interior spaces other than sleeping rooms which
open to the exterior.
H.
Removal of products of combustion.
(1)
Equipment for burning solid or liquid fuel shall be connected to
suitable chimneys or flues and shall not be connected to gas vents.
Unvented heaters burning liquid fuel shall be prohibited.
(2)
Fuel-burning space heaters located in sleeping rooms or rooms normally
kept closed shall be connected to a suitable chimney, flue or gas
vent.
(3)
Gas-fired equipment shall be connected to a suitable chimney, flue
or gas vent when the discharge of products of combustion into the
space where the equipment is installed would be a hazard.
I.
Safety devices.
(1)
Equipment capable of developing hazardous pressures or temperatures
shall be provided with means to relieve safely such pressures and
temperatures.
(2)
Controls for the safe operation of automatically operated heat-producing
equipment shall be provided to function as follows: When failure or
interruption of flame or ignition occurs, the fuel supply shall be
cut off. When a predetermined temperature or pressure is exceeded,
the input of additional heat shall be prevented or reduced to a safe
rate. When a failure or interruption of the pilot light or main burner
or liquefied petroleum gas equipment occurs, the fuel supply to each
pilot light and main burner shall be cut off.
J.
Heating of garages. Fuel-burning equipment for heating of garages
shall be elevated so as not to be exposed to possible accumulation
of flammable gases.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Chimneys, flues, gas vents and their supports shall be installed
and maintained so as to be structurally safe, durable, smoketight,
noncombustible and capable of withstanding the action of flue gases
without softening, cracking, corroding or spalling.
(2)
Such facilities shall effectively convey the products of combustion
to the outer air.
(3)
Masonry chimneys, except approved prefabricated chimneys, shall have
noncombustible foundations.
(4)
Flue lining shall be capable of withstanding the action of flue gas
without softening, cracking, corroding or spalling at the temperature
to which they will be subjected.
(5)
Openings for smoke pipes or gas vent connections shall be provided
with means for easy connection without restriction of flue.
(6)
No flue shall have smoke or gas vent connections in more than one
story of a building.
(7)
Fuel-burning equipment and fireplaces shall not be connected to the
same flue.
B.
Firesafety. Chimneys, flues and gas vents shall be installed and
maintained so that, under conditions of use, the temperature of any
combustible material adjacent thereto, insulated therefrom or in contact
therewith, does not exceed a temperature of 175° F.
C.
Spark arresters. A chimney or flue connected to an incinerator and
a chimney or flue which may emit sparks shall be provided with a spark
arrester of noncombustible construction. Spark arresters shall have
sufficient total clear area to permit unrestricted passage of flue
gases. Openings in spark arresters shall be of such size as to prevent
passage of embers and to minimize clogging by soot.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Incinerators shall be of adequate capacity for the intended use.
(2)
Flue-fed incinerators shall be equipped with means for burning auxiliary
fuel in sufficient quantity to assure complete combustion of refuse.
(3)
A flue serving an incinerator shall be provided with a substantially
constructed spark arrester.
(4)
Incinerators shall be connected to a suitable noncombustible chimney,
smokestack or flue.
(5)
Connections to incinerators shall provide free passage of refuse
without clogging.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed in conformity
with generally accepted standards and maintained so as not to be a
potential source of ignition of combustible material or a potential
source of electrical hazard.
(2)
Electrical wiring and equipment installed in damp or wet locations
or where exposed to excessive temperatures shall be of a type approved
for the purpose and location.
(3)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be protected against excessive
current by properly rated overcurrent devices. The rating or setting
of overcurrent devices shall not be in excess of the carrying capacity
of the circuit conductor. When the capacity of circuits within a building
is insufficient to carry the load imposed by normal use of appliances
and fixtures, additional circuits shall be provided or the use of
excessive appliances discontinued.
(4)
Every electric wire shall be covered with insulation in good condition.
All switches, outlets and fixtures must function properly and be mounted
securely in position.
(5)
No temporary wiring shall be installed as a permanent method of wiring.
Extension cords, no longer than six feet, shall run directly from
portable electrical fixtures or appliances to convenient outlets and
shall not lie under floor coverings nor extend through doorways, transoms
or other openings nor pass through structural elements.
B.
Artificial lighting.
(1)
Residential buildings and occupancies shall be wired for electricity,
and lighting equipment shall be installed throughout to provide adequate
illumination for the intended use of each space.
(2)
Every habitable room shall have a minimum of one outlet and one fixture
or shall have two or more outlets. The lighting minimum shall be one
watt per square foot of floor area using incandescent fixtures and
shall be 2/5 watt per square foot of floor area using fluorescent
fixtures.
(3)
Public stairs, stairways, halls and passageways shall have electric
lighting available at all times. No wall or floor area shall be more
than 15 feet distant from a lighting fixture, measured horizontally
and in a straight line. The incandescent lighting minimum shall be
1/4 watt per square foot of floor area (minimum bulb size 25 watts),
and the fluorescent lighting minimum shall be 1/10 watt per square
foot of floor area (minimum lamp size 15 watts).
(4)
Every water closet compartment, bathroom, basement, furnace room
or laundry (nonhabitable space) shall have at least one wall- or ceiling-type
electric fixture, using a minimum of a twenty-five-watt bulb.
C.
Exit and directional signs.
(1)
Exits in multiple dwellings shall be provided with exit and directional
signs, visible from the approach to the exits, except that such signs
shall not be required in those portions of a building which contain
dwelling units only or in which exit from sleeping rooms is directly
to the outside.
(2)
Directional signs shall be provided at locations from which the exit
doorway is not readily discernible.
(3)
Such signs shall be worded in plainly legible block letters with
the word "exit" for exit signs and the words "to exit" with a suitable
pointer or arrow indicating the direction of exit for directional
signs. Letters for signs shall be conspicuous, readily discernible
and at least six inches high, except that, for internally illuminated
signs, the height of such letters shall be at least 4 1/2 inches.
(4)
Exit and directional signs shall be illuminated either externally
or internally by electric lights and shall be kept illuminated at
all times when the building is occupied.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Each dwelling unit shall be provided with appropriate cooking and
refrigeration equipment.
(2)
Cooking and refrigeration equipment shall be maintained in good operating
condition.
(3)
Gas-burning cooking equipment shall be permanently fastened and connected
in place. Gas supply connection to such equipment shall be made with
pipe or tubing of solid metal.
(4)
Solid-fuel-burning cooking equipment shall be appropriately vented.
B.
Communal cooking and dining facilities. Communal kitchens and dining
rooms shall comply with the following requirements: Communal kitchens
shall contain at least one kitchen sink; at least one kitchen gas
or electric stove, equipped with an oven and not fewer than four top
burners; and at least one electric- or gas-type refrigerator with
adequate food storage capacity, but in no case less than eight cubic
feet nominal size. Dining space and eating facilities, where provided
in the kitchen area, shall comply with the requirements for communal
dining rooms. Communal dining rooms shall contain at least one dining
chair and two linear feet of dining space for each occupant permitted
in a dining room at any particular time.
A.
General requirements. Fuel oil shall be received, stored and conveyed
by means of fixed liquidtight equipment.
B.
Storage of fuel oil and kerosene.
(1)
Tanks shall be provided with means for venting.
(2)
Tanks shall be installed and maintained so as not to be a hazard
to the premises served or to the surrounding property.
(3)
Kerosene for the use of portable and space or room heaters shall
be stored outside of the building on a secure elevated platform or
rack. All filling of the storage tanks or reservoirs furnished or
part of the heating appliances shall be done outside the building.
C.
Piping.
(1)
Automatically operated boilers and furnaces using fuel oil shall
be provided with remote control to stop the flow of oil during fire
or other emergency.
(2)
Filling, emptying and venting of tanks shall be by means of fixed
piping. Pipe to underground tanks shall be pitched towards tanks.
Terminals of fill and vent pipes shall be located outside buildings,
at a safe distance from building openings.
C.
Ventilating systems.
(1)
Ventilating systems shall be installed and maintained so that the
rapid spread of heat, flame or smoke through the system will be prevented
and so that, under conditions of use, the temperature of any combustible
material adjacent thereto or in contact therewith will not exceed
a safe temperature.
(2)
Stairways, passageways, exits, shafts, hoistways or attics shall
not be used as plenum chambers.
(3)
Ducts shall be securely fastened in place and appropriately firestopped.
(4)
Ducts and other air-handling equipment shall be of noncombustible
material.
(5)
Filters shall be installed and maintained so as not to constitute
a fire or smoke hazard.
(6)
Ducts passing through or located within combustible construction
shall be separated from such construction by a clearance of at least
1/2 inch or by a noncombustible insulating material at least 1/4 inch
thick.
(7)
Air required for ventilation shall be taken from the exterior or
shall be quality-controlled.
(8)
Exhaust air from a dwelling unit or a space whose contents may emit
odors, fumes or vapors shall not be circulated to other occupied spaces
within the building.
D.
Air intake and exhaust openings.
(1)
Air intake and exhaust openings shall be installed, located and maintained
so as not to constitute a hazard or nuisance and so as to prevent
the possibility of fire, smoke, fumes or foreign matter being drawn
into the system.
(2)
Ventilating systems shall be provided with adequate openings for
incoming and outgoing air to obtain the required circulation. Intake
openings shall provide air from an uncontaminated source.
(3)
Where openings for mechanical exhaust are located in spaces that
also contain fuel-burning equipment, there shall be provided fixed
intake openings from the exterior to supply sufficient air so that
the fuel-burning equipment is not adversely affected.
(4)
Exhaust openings shall be located so that the exhaust air will not
create a nuisance.
E.
Ventilation requirements.
(1)
Enclosures or spaces where heat, gases, vapors or odors may accumulate
and become a potential source of hazard or nuisance shall be provided
with adequate means of ventilation to remove such excess.
(2)
Public spaces shall be provided with means of obtaining air supply
for the maximum number of persons for which such spaces are designed.
F.
Safety controls.
(1)
Manually operated controls shall be provided to stop the operation
of all central fan equipment. Such controls shall be conspicuously
identified and in readily accessible locations outside the fan room.
(2)
Every system using recirculated air and serving an assembly space
or more than one fire area or more than one story of a building shall
be provided with controls arranged so that, under abnormal rise in
the temperature of the air in the system, the fans causing normal
circulation shall stop and require manual restart.
(3)
Every system for ventilating an assembly space shall be provided
with an emergency switch conveniently located and with a durable sign
giving instructions for shutting down the system in case of fire.
