No connection shall be made to the sewer system unless the manner in which the connection is made and the materials and workmanship employed in affecting such connection shall comply with the requirements of this chapter and the Borough. It shall also be necessary for all connections to comply with any special requirements imposed under § 90-17 of this article.
Any person who discharges or permits to be discharged any material to the sewer system except through approved connections will be subject to charges as provided in Article VII, § 90-102, in addition to being subject to the penal provisions of any appropriate Borough ordinance.
A. 
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, each connection unit shall be connected separately and independently to the sewer through a building sewer.
B. 
The grouping of more than one connection unit on a building sewer shall not be permitted except where existing connection units are grouped on a building sewer.
C. 
In the event the property ownership of a connection unit grouped on a building sewer is to be sold or ownership transferred, all connection units grouped on the building sewer shall be required to install separate building sewers before property ownership is sold or ownership transferred. The installation of such separate building sewers shall be made at the expense of the property owners.
D. 
Further, in the event that any disagreement occurs between the property owners of connection units grouped on a building sewer concerning future maintenance of the building sewer, such disagreement will be sufficient cause for the Borough to require additional connections to the sewer system to provide individual service, the installation of such separate building sewers shall be made at the expense of the property owners.
All contractors installing connections to the sewer system shall comply with all of the Borough's rules, regulations and guidance and all federal, state, and local requirements, including but not limited to the following:
A. 
The latest Borough ordinance governing sewer connections and the Code of the Borough of Steelton, Pennsylvania, Chapter 94, Streets and Sidewalks, Article II, Openings and Excavations;
B. 
Pennsylvania law which requires that a utility be notified in advance of work to be performed in the area of a utility's facilities;
C. 
Federal occupational safety and health administration regulations;
D. 
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation regulations for work within state highway rights-of-way, such as, but not limited to: i) permits, ii) blasting bonds, iii) construction methods and materials, iv) inspection, and v) traffic control;
E. 
Department of Environmental Protection streams encroachment and soil erosion and sedimentation control requirements.
Whenever, in the opinion of the Engineer or other duly authorized representative of the Borough, special conditions require additional safeguards or more stringent specifications to be observed, then, notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, or requirements of the Borough, the Borough specifically reserves the right to refuse to permit a connection to be made to its sewer system until such special requirements or specifications as may be stipulated by the Borough have been satisfied.
A. 
Insurance.
(1) 
No contractor shall install or construct a building sewer or pressure sewer system unless registered with the Borough Code Officer. The contractor shall register by completing an application, by providing evidence of past experience in blasting, plumbing, or electrical work, and by providing evidence of adequate insurance coverage. Evidence of insurance coverage shall be presented to the Borough in the form of insurance certificates and shall indicate coverage with the following minimum limits:
(a) 
General liability.
[1] 
Bodily injury: $100,000 to $300,000.
[2] 
Property damage: $100,000.
[3] 
Contractual liability coverage to fund the hold-harmless agreement contained in the Borough's registration application and coverage of independent contractors, and completed operations shall also be included. The Borough of Steelton shall be listed as Additional Insured.
(b) 
Automotive.
[1] 
Bodily injury: $100,000 to $300,000.
[2] 
Property damage: $50,000.
(2) 
Insurance certificates shall be kept current with the Borough Code Officer during the period the contractor is installing or constructing building sewers or pressure sewer system in the Borough.
B. 
The Borough's contractor registration becomes final upon the satisfactory completion by the contractor of at least one building sewer or pressure sewer system installation in the Borough's service area.
C. 
Removal of a contractor from the Borough's registration listing may occur for any of the following reasons:
(1) 
Contractor fails to maintain the required certificates of insurance specified by the Borough;
(2) 
Contractor noncompliance with any provisions of this chapter or any other Borough ordinance;
(3) 
Excessive expenditure of Borough personnel time and effort required to monitor contractor work performance;
(4) 
Noncompliance with the quality of work required by the Borough.
D. 
The installation of a building sewer or pressure sewer system shall be performed by a registered contractor.
Upon the failure of any property owner to make a required building sewer connection following the procedure set forth in this article, the Borough may enter upon the property and construct the building sewer connection. In such case the Borough shall forthwith, upon completion of the work, send an itemized bill of the cost of construction together with 10% penalty thereon of the building sewer connection to the owner of the property to which connection has been so made, which bill shall be payable forthwith. In case of neglect or refusal of the owner of such property to pay said bill the Borough may file municipal liens or bring a civil action for such construction, the same to be subject in all respects to the general law providing for filing and recovery of municipal liens and civil actions.
A. 
For all gravity installations, the pipe and fittings used for the building sewer shall be ductile iron conforming to the requirements of ANSI 21.51 and ANSI 21.10 or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) SDR 35 pipe and fittings conforming to the requirements of ASTM D 3034 manufactured from Class 12454-B. All pipe and fittings shall bear the identification of the manufacturer. All plastic pipe, fittings and components shall be third-party certified as conforming to NSF 14.
[Amended 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
B. 
For all pressurized systems, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) SDR-21 pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM D 2241 manufactured from Class 12454-B (PVC 1120) rigid PVC compounds shall be used. All pipe and fittings shall bear the identification of the manufacturer. All plastic pipe, fittings and components shall be third-party certified as conforming to NSF 14.
[Amended 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
C. 
Joints for ductile iron pipes and fittings shall be either mechanical or push-on with rubber gasket compression joints conforming to the requirements of ANSI A21.11. Joints for PVC SDR-35 and PVC SDR-21 pipes and fittings shall be push-on type gasket joints conforming to ASTM D 3212 and ASTM D 3139 respectively. The gasket shall conform to ASTM F 477.
D. 
The pipes shall have permanently tight joints which shall prevent the admission of groundwater and shall be laid at a minimum grade of 1/4 inch per foot with the best possible alignment. To protect the pipes from frost or crushing from surface activity, a minimum of four feet of cover must be provided. Under special conditions, a variance to the latter two requirements may be granted by the Borough.
E. 
The pipe for the building sewer shall have a minimum inside diameter of four inches or six inches. No transitions from one pipe size to another or from one pipe material to another will be made unless manufactured adapters, designed specifically for that purpose and approved by the Borough, are used. Reductions in pipe size in the direction of flow are not permitted. All changes in direction must be made with pipe fittings. No fitting greater than 45° will be permitted, except under certain conditions acceptable to the Borough. Sweep ninety-degree bends may be used. The Borough reserves the right to adjust the building sewer pipe diameter as it so desires.
[Amended 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
F. 
For purposes of identification and early warning during trenching or other excavation, nonresidential properties shall have continuous warning tapes in all trenches. Such tapes shall be optional for residential properties unless trenches are within the rights-of-way limits of state highways and/or Borough streets. Tapes shall be buried at a depth of six inches below finished grade. In pavement, tapes shall be buried six inches below the top of the subgrade. The underground warning tape shall be a magnetic polyethylene tape, three inches in width with a minimum lettering of one inch.
A. 
Prior to the installation of the building sewer, the Borough's representative may inspect the property to determine whether or not the plumbing facilities are properly trapped and vented. Based upon the results of that inspection, an air intake pipe with trap may be required.
B. 
If the inspection is not performed, or if the facilities do not pass the inspection, a trap and air intake pipe must be provided for each building sewer (see Exhibit A[1]). The trap must be placed immediately outside the building wall and the air intake pipe must extend from the trap. The top of the air intake pipe shall extend a minimum of six inches above the ground surface to prevent surface water from entering and shall be provided with a mushroom or other type cap sufficient to prevent the entrance of rainwater.
[1]
Editor's Note: Said appendix is included as an attachment to this chapter.
A. 
Unless otherwise authorized by the Borough or its representative, cleanouts shall be provided in each building sewer at intervals that will permit complete rodding with a fifty-foot-long auger or tape. Such intervals shall include the length of the building sewer and riser as appropriate. Cleanouts will also be required within five feet upstream of every change in direction greater than 45° and immediately downstream of the trap. Cleanouts shall be constructed using a one piece combination wye and eight bend and riser to the ground surface. The riser pipe shall be provided with a standard four-inch screw-type ferrule and shall be watertight.
B. 
Building drain and building sewer junction. A cleanout shall be installed near the junction of the building drain and building sewer. This cleanout shall be either inside or outside the building wall, provided it is brought up to finish grade or to the lowest floor level. An accessible interior building drain cleanout or test tee within close proximity to the building drain exit point shall fulfill this requirement. Cleanouts shall be a minimum four inches in size.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
Building sewers shall be provided with stone bedding consisting of AASHTO No. 8 coarse aggregate or suitable substitute if approved by the Borough's representative. Exposed bedrock shall not be considered a suitable substitute. A minimum of four inches of stone is required underneath the pipe with backfill of stone to the midpoint of the pipe diameter.
The permit holder shall give advance notice to the Borough's representative when the facilities to be connected to the sewer system are ready to be tested. It shall be the duty of the permit holder to insure that the facilities will withstand the prescribed test before giving notification to the Borough. Inspections and tests shall only be performed during the hours posted by the Borough's inspector.
No connection or pipe trench shall be backfilled unless and until the pressure sewer system or building sewer installation has been inspected, tested and approved by the Borough's representative. The building sewer or pressure sewer system may be carefully covered with 12 inches of AASHTO No. 8 stone prior to testing and inspection provided the joints are left uncovered.
A. 
An air test (see Exhibit B[1]) shall be performed in the presence of the Borough's representative on the line being installed from the point of connection at the building to the point of connection at the grinder pump or sewer system. Both ends of the building sewer shall remain uncovered until the air testing has been completed and the installation approved and noted in writing on the permit. No other evidence of such approval shall be accepted.
[1]
Editor's Note: Said appendix is included as an attachment to this chapter.
B. 
After the air test has been completed and the installation approved, the remainder of the trench shall be backfilled using backfill materials as specified below, compacted, and restored. The entire backfill process shall be carried out carefully so as not to disturb the pipe.
(1) 
Within the rights-of-way limits of state highways: Conform to the requirements of PennDOT.
(2) 
Within the rights-of-way limits of Borough streets: PennDOT 2A modified aggregate.
(3) 
Bituminous and stone parking areas and driveways, sidewalks, and unpaved areas: Clean earth void of rock, wood, or other similar debris.
(4) 
Use of a new connection to the sewer system will not be permitted until the installation has been inspected, tested, and approved in accordance with the Borough's procedures.
A. 
At the time of the inspection of the building sewer, and from time to time as determined by the Borough, the Borough's representatives shall have the right to inspect the facilities within the home following adequate prior notification to determine whether the facilities connected to the sewer system are in conformance with this chapter.
B. 
All water contaminated by use must be discharged into the sewer, including water from sinks and washing machines. Conversely, the discharge of roof, storm, surface, or building foundation water or drainage into the sewer is expressly prohibited. Floor drains in basements subject to groundwater infiltration or flooding must also be removed, permanently sealed, or otherwise not connected to the building sewer.
All of the costs and expenses associated with the construction of the building sewer, pressure sewer system and the connection of the building sewer or pressure sewer system to the collection sewer, including testing, shall be borne by the owner of the improved property served. Such owner shall indemnify and save harmless the Borough from all loss or damage which may be occasioned, directly or indirectly, from the construction of the building sewer, pressure sewer system and the connection of the building sewer or pressure sewer system to the collection sewer.
On occasion, it may be practical and desirable for the Borough to allow owners of improved property to have access to the Borough's sewer system by use of a grinder pump and pressure sewer system. Property owners may be required to enter into a written agreement with the Borough before a permit is granted for such connections. The agreement shall be in a form approved by the Borough and shall set forth the terms under which the Borough shall render service through such connections. Copies of the agreement may be recorded in the Office of the Recorder of Deeds of Dauphin County. All expenses of the Borough, including preparation and/or review of the agreement and cost of recording the agreement shall be paid, or reimbursed to the Borough, by the owner.
A. 
Prior to issuance of a pressure sewer system connection permit, the owner shall submit to the Borough documentation to enable the Borough to determine whether the proposed installation meets its requirements and whether the grinder pump will serve its intended purpose. For single-family residential establishments, the prefabricated unit shall consist of a factory-built grinder pump with all associated parts and fittings mounted in a fiberglass reinforced tank with a remote control pump panel mounted at a suitable location outside the home. The grinder pump shall be suitable for use near structures, free from noise, odor, or health hazards and shall be of a type approved by the Borough.
B. 
Maintenance of the pressure sewer system to the point of connection with the sewer system shall be the responsibility of the owner.
C. 
Pressure sewer systems for all other types of nonresidential establishments are subject to the review and approval of the Borough.
D. 
Specifications.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
(1) 
Sewage grinder pumps receiving discharge from a building shall have minimum discharge velocity of 1.9 feet per second throughout the discharge piping to the point of connection with a gravity sewer or pressure sewer system. A nongrinding pump or ejector shall be capable of passing a one-and-five-tenths-inch-diameter solid ball, and the discharge piping shall be not less than two inches in diameter. The discharge piping of grinding pumps shall be not less than 1.25 inches in diameter. A check valve and a gate valve located on the discharge side of the check valve shall be installed in the pump or ejector discharge piping between the pump or ejector and the drainage system. Access shall be provided to such valves. Such valves shall be located above the sump cover or, when the discharge pipe from the ejector is below grade, the valves shall be accessibly located outside the sump below grade in an access pit with a removable access cover.
(2) 
The sump pit shall be not less than 18 inches in diameter and 24 inches deep, unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be accessible and located such that all drainage flows into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall be constructed of reinforced fiberglass. The pit bottom shall be solid and provide permanent support for the pump. The sump pit shall be fitted with a gastight removable cover adequate to support anticipated loads in the area of use. The sump pit shall be vented.
(3) 
The effluent level control shall be adjusted and maintained to at all times prevent the effluent in the sump from rising to within two inches of the invert of the gravity drain inlet into the sump.
A. 
Excavation for the grinder pump unit shall be to a depth such that, after installation of the grinder pump unit, the top of the unit shall be raised six inches above finished grade. The bottom of the excavation shall be level and all loose material shall be removed. A six-inch-deep layer of gravel or crushed stone, equal to or finer than AASHTO No. 8, shall be placed in the excavation prior to placement of the grinder pump unit.
B. 
The grinder pump unit shall be weighted and anchored with a concrete weight to avoid flotation (see Exhibit C[1]).
[1]
Editor's Note: Said appendix is included as an attachment to this chapter.
C. 
The grinder pump unit shall be leveled on the gravel base and rotated for proper alignment with the gravity building sewer, pressure lateral, and electrical service connection. Backfill around the grinder pump unit, and for a distance of one foot above the pressure lateral discharge pipe, shall be AASHTO No. 8 stone, as required, with proper compaction. Care shall be taken to bring the fill up evenly around the grinder pump unit. Rock, wood, or other debris shall not be used as backfill. After stone backfill has been placed around the unit to a height of one foot above the pressure lateral, clean earth fill may be used to complete the backfill operation to the ground surface.
A. 
The pressure lateral (see Exhibit C[1]) shall be 1 1/2 inch SDR 21 PVC pipe (200 psi), with rubber gasket joints. The pipe shall be placed a minimum of four feet below the surface. Thrust blocks shall be provided for all fittings and at all locations where horizontal and/or vertical deflections are made. All pipe and fittings shall bear the identification of the manufacturer. All plastic pipe, fittings and components shall be third-party certified as conforming to NSF 14.
[Amended 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
[1]
Editor's Note: Said appendix is included as an attachment to this chapter.
B. 
A minimum of four inches of AASHTO No. 8 coarse aggregate shall be placed underneath the pipe. Stone backfill shall be placed to a minimum of one foot above the top of the pipe in such a manner so as not to disturb the pipe. Backfill for the remaining portion of the trench shall be in accordance with the requirements of §§ 90-25 and 90-26.
C. 
In addition, where a pressure lateral discharges into a force main collection sewer, a curb box and redundant check valve shall be installed by the owner unless already provided by the Borough as a part of its facilities.
Installation of wiring from the grinder pump to the control panel and from the control panel to the owner's circuit breaker panel or fuse box shall be in accordance with the requirements of all local, state, and national electric codes and the grinder pump manufacturer's recommendations. Underground conduit shall be a minimum diameter of 3/4 of an inch and watertight. A minimum of two feet of cover shall be provided.
For the purposes of early warning and identification of underground wiring and pressure piping during trenching or other excavation, continuous warning tapes shall be provided in all trenches. Tapes shall be buried to a depth of six inches below finished grade. In pavement, tapes shall be buried six inches below the top of the subgrade. The underground warning tape shall be a magnetic polyethylene tape, three inches wide with one-inch lettering.
The gravity portion of the building sewer upstream of the grinder pump basin, including traps and cleanouts, shall be constructed as provided in other applicable sections of Article III (especially §§ 90-20 through 90-26) except that the cleanout riser immediately downstream of the house trap shall be modified to also serve as a vent for the grinder pump basin.
Every pressure sewer system shall be inspected, tested and approved by the Borough prior to connection to the sewer system. The pressure lateral shall be hydrostatically tested by the installer in accordance with the procedures and requirements listed in Exhibit D.[1] If the pressure lateral fails the prescribed test requirements, the installer shall be responsible for determining deficiencies in the materials and/or workmanship and for correcting the same to the satisfaction of the Borough. The installation shall then be retested for conformance with the Borough's requirements.
[1]
Editor's Note: Said appendix is included as an attachment to this chapter.
The connection of the building sewer or pressure sewer system to the collection sewer shall be in accordance with the Borough Standard Construction Specifications. A Borough's representative must be on site for inspection during the connection to the sewer system. Any connection to the sewer system which was not inspected by a representative of the Borough shall be deemed an improperly connected system.
A. 
For all new commercial and industrial establishments, grease traps shall be provided in each building sewer, unless otherwise authorized by the Borough or its representative. The grease trap shall be appropriately sized for the establishment it is serving. The installation, service and maintenance of the grease trap shall be made at the expense of the property owner.
B. 
All existing commercial and industrial establishments shall be evaluated by the borough for compliance with this chapter. If the existing commercial or industrial establishment is determined to need a grease trap, or if the size of the grease trap is determined to be inadequate or if the grease trap is difficult to pump and maintain due to its location, a new grease trap shall be installed at the expense of the property owner.
C. 
Interceptors and separators shall be provided to prevent the discharge of oil, grease, sand and other substances harmful or hazardous to the building drainage system, the public sewer, or sewage treatment plant or processes.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
D. 
The size, type and location of each interceptor and of each separator shall be designed and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the requirements of this section based on the anticipated conditions of use. Wastes that do not require treatment or separation shall not be discharged into any interceptor or separator.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
E. 
A grease trap or grease interceptor shall be required to receive the drainage from fixtures and equipment with grease-laden waste located in food preparation areas, such as in restaurants, hotel kitchens, hospitals, school kitchens, bars, factory cafeterias, or restaurants and clubs.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
F. 
Where food waste grinders connect to grease traps, a solids interceptor shall separate the discharge before connecting to the grease trap. Solids interceptors and grease interceptors shall be sized and rated for the discharge of the food waste grinder.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
G. 
Grease traps and grease interceptors shall conform to PDI G101, ASME A112.14.3 or ASME A112.14.4 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
H. 
Grease traps shall have the minimum grease retention capacity indicated in Table 1 for the flow-through rates indicated.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
TABLE 1
Minimum Capacity of Grease Traps
Total Flow-Through Rating
(gpm)
Grease Retention Capacity
(pounds)
4
8
6
12
7
14
9
18
10
20
12
24
14
28
15
30
18
36
20
40
25
50
35
70
50
100
I. 
Grease traps shall be equipped with devices to control the rate of water flow so that the water flow does not exceed the rated flow. The flow-control device shall be vented and terminate not less than six inches above the flood rim level or be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
J. 
At repair garages, car-washing facilities with engine or undercarriage cleaning capability and at factories where oily and flammable liquid wastes are produced, separators shall be installed into which all oil-bearing, grease-bearing or flammable wastes shall be discharged before emptying in the building drainage system or other point of disposal.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
K. 
A mixture of treated or untreated light and heavy liquids with various specific gravities shall be separated in an approved receptacle.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
L. 
Oil separators shall have a depth of not less than two feet below the invert of the discharge drain. The outlet opening of the separator shall have not less than an eighteen-inch water seal.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
M. 
Where automobiles are serviced, greased, repaired or washed or where gasoline is dispensed, oil separators shall have a minimum capacity of six cubic feet for the first 100 square feet of area to be drained, plus one cubic foot for each additional 100 square feet of area to be drained into the separator. Parking garages in which servicing, repairing or washing is not conducted, and in which gasoline is not dispensed, shall not require a separator. Areas of commercial garages utilized only for storage of automobiles are not required to be drained through a separator.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
N. 
Sand and similar interceptors for heavy solids shall be designed and located so as to be provided with ready access for cleaning, and shall have a water seal of not less than six inches.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
O. 
Commercial laundries shall be equipped with an interceptor with a wire basket or similar device, removable for cleaning, that prevents passage into the drainage system of solids 0.5 inch or larger in size, string, rags, buttons or other materials detrimental to the public sewage system.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
P. 
Optional: Bottling plants shall discharge process wastes into an interceptor that will provide for the separation of broken glass or other solids before discharging waste into the drainage system.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
Q. 
Optional: Slaughtering room and dressing room drains shall be equipped with approved separators. The separator shall prevent the discharge into the drainage system of feathers, entrails and other materials that cause clogging.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
R. 
Interceptors and separators shall be designed so as not to become air-bound where tight covers are utilized. Each interceptor or separator shall be vented where subject to a loss of trap seal.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
S. 
Access shall be provided to each interceptor and separator for service and maintenance. Interceptors and separators shall be maintained by periodic removal of accumulated grease, scum, oil, or other floating substances and solids deposited in the interceptor or separator.
[Added 4-18-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-3, approved 4-18-2005]
A. 
For all new commercial and industrial establishments, grit chambers shall be provided in each building sewer, unless otherwise authorized by the Borough or its representative. The grit chamber shall be appropriately sized for the establishment it is serving. The installation, service and maintenance of the grit chamber shall be made at the expense of the property owner.
B. 
All existing commercial and industrial establishments shall be evaluated by the Borough for compliance with this chapter. If the existing commercial or industrial establishment is determined to need a grit chamber, or if the size of the grit chamber is determined to be inadequate, or if the grit chamber is difficult to pump and maintain due to its location, a new grit chamber shall be installed at the expense of the property owner.
C. 
Where the Borough has determined that a grease trap and grit chamber are required for a commercial or industrial establishment, a combination grease trap/grit chamber shall be provided in each building sewer. The installation, service and maintenance of the grease trap/grit chamber shall be made at the expense of the property owner.
The restoration of Borough Streets shall be in accordance with the Code of the Borough of Steelton, Pennsylvania, Chapter 94, Streets and Sidewalks, Article II, Openings and Excavations.