[HISTORY: Adopted by the Town Board of the Town of Rye 12-5-1950. Amendments noted where applicable.]
A.
Code remedial. This code is hereby declared to be remedial, and shall
be construed to secure the beneficial interests and purposes thereof,
which are public safety, health and welfare, through structural strength
and stability, means of egress, adequate light and ventilation and
safety to life and property from fire and hazards incident to the
design, construction, alteration, repair, removal or demolition of
buildings or structures.
B.
All new work to conform.
(1)
No building or structure shall hereafter be constructed, altered,
repaired or removed, nor shall the equipment of a building, structure
or premises be constructed, installed, altered, repaired or removed,
except in conformity with the provisions of this code.
(2)
It shall be unlawful to maintain, occupy or use a building or structure,
or part thereof, that has been erected or altered in violation of
the provisions of this code.
B.
Duties. It shall be the duty of the Building Inspector to enforce
all laws relating to the construction, alteration, removal and demolition
of buildings and structures.
C.
Rules.
(1)
The Building Inspector shall promulgate rules as prescribed in this
code and consistent therewith, it being the intent of this requirement
that the standards of federal or state bureaus, national technical
organizations or fire underwriters, as the same may be amended from
time to time, shall serve as a guide in fixing the minimum rules of
practice under this code.
(2)
For the purpose of securing for the public the benefits of new developments
in the building industry and yet insuring public safety, the Building
Inspector shall make or cause to be made investigations, or may accept
duly authenticated reports from recognized sources, of new materials
or modes of construction, intended for use in the construction of
buildings or structures in the municipality which are not provided
for in this code, and shall promulgate rules setting forth the conditions
under which such materials or modes of construction may be used.
(3)
No rule of the Building Inspector shall become effective until two
weeks after notice of intention to enforce it shall have been given
through the publication in a newspaper in general circulation in the
municipality and until a public hearing on the same shall have been
held; provided that said public hearing shall not be necessary unless
a request shall have been made for such hearing during the said period
of publication. Such rules shall be drawn in its proposed form and
open to public inspection at the time the notice to enforce is published.
(4)
Rules promulgated as herein provided shall have the same force and
effect as provisions of this code.
(5)
Any rule may be amended or repealed by the same procedure prescribed
for the adoption of new rules.
D.
Inspections. The Building Inspector shall inspect all buildings or
structures and alterations during construction to see that the provisions
of this code are complied with and that construction is prosecuted
safely. Whenever, in his opinion, by reason of defective or illegal
work in violation of a provision of this code, the continuance of
a building operation is contrary to public welfare, he may order all
further work to be stopped and may require suspension of work until
the condition in violation has been remedied.
E.
Records.
(1)
The Building Inspector shall keep careful and comprehensive records
of applications, of permits issued or certificates issued, of inspections
made or reports rendered and of notices or orders issued. He shall
retain on file copies of all papers in connection with building work
so long as any part of the building or structure to which they relate
may be in existence.
(2)
All such records shall be open to public inspection for good and
sufficient reasons, but this shall not authorize the copying of any
plan, or the furnishing of copies of any specifications or part thereof.
No such records shall be removed from the office of the Building Inspector.
F.
Right of entry. The Building Inspector, in the discharge of his duties,
shall have authority to enter any building, structure or premises
at any reasonable hour.
A.
Permit required.
(1)
It shall be unlawful to construct, alter, remove or demolish, or
to commence the construction, alteration, removal or demolition of
a building or structure without first filing with the Building Inspector
an application in writing and obtaining a formal permit.
(2)
Ordinary minor repairs may be made without filing an application
or obtaining a permit, provided that such repairs shall not violate
any of the provisions of this code. Such repairs shall not include
any alterations, the cutting away of any wall or any portion thereof,
the removal or cutting of any beams or supports, or the removal, change
or closing of any stairway or required means of exit, or the alteration
of any house sewer, private sewer or drainage system, or the construction
of any soil or waste pipe.
B.
Applications.
(1)
Application for a permit shall be filed with the Building Inspector,
in duplicate, on forms furnished by him, and shall contain a general
description of the proposed work and its location, the type of occupancy,
floor loads, height and such other pertinent information as may be
required.
(2)
Such application shall be made by the owner or lessee, or agent of
either, or the architect, engineer or builder employed in connection
with the proposed work. If such application is made by a person other
than the owner in fee, it shall be accompanied by a duly verified
affidavit of the owner in fee or the person making the application
that the proposed work is authorized by the owner in fee and that
the person making the application is authorized to make such application.
C.
Plans.
(1)
The Building Inspector shall not accept or approve any application
accompanied by plans and/or specifications for any building, structure
or alteration thereto costing more than $10,000 unless the plans and/or
specifications are stamped with the seal of a licensed architect or
a licensed professional engineer.
(2)
Applications for permits shall be accompanied by two copies of plans
of the proposed work, accurately drawn to scale, including floor plans,
sections, elevations and structural details. Such plans shall contain
information, in the form of notes, as to quality of materials essential
to conformity with this code.
D.
Plot diagram.
(1)
All applications, except as otherwise provided for in this section,
shall be accompanied by a plot plan, drawn to scale, of the plot on
which the proposed work is to be done showing the size and location
of the proposed building and all existing buildings on the lot. Such
buildings shall be fully dimensioned in themselves, their relation
to each other, and all property lines.
(2)
In the case of an interior alteration, or a minor exterior alteration
to an existing structure, the filing of a plot diagram may not be
required.
E.
Fees.
(1)
No permit shall be issued until the fee prescribed in this section
shall have been paid at the time of making application for a permit.
Nor shall an amendment to a permit be approved until the additional
fee, if any, due to an increase in the estimated cost of the building
or structure, shall have been paid.
(2)
Each application shall be accompanied by the required fee, which
shall be $5 for any undertaking, and $2 for each $1,000, or portion
thereof, of the estimated value up to and including $10,000, and $3
for each $1,000, or portion thereof, of the estimated value above
$10,000.
[Amended 1-18-1972]
(3)
The term "estimated cost" as used in this section means the reasonable
value of all services, excavation, labor, materials and use of scaffolding
and other appliances or devices entering into and necessary for the
completion of the work.
(4)
If, in the judgment of the Building Inspector, the estimated cost
is manifestly incorrect, the Building Inspector may obtain estimates
of the cost of the work and the expense of such estimates shall be
paid for by the applicant.
F.
Action on application. It shall be the duty of the Building Inspector
to examine applications for permits, within a reasonable time after
filing. If, after examination, he finds no objection to the same,
he shall approve such application and issue a permit as soon as practicable.
If his examination reveals otherwise, he will reject such application,
noting his findings in a report to be attached to the application
and delivering a copy to the applicant.
G.
Signature to permit. Every permit issued by the Building Inspector
shall have his signature affixed thereto.
H.
Amendment. Nothing in this section shall prohibit the filing of amendments
to an application, or to a plan or other record accompanying same,
at any time before the completion of the work for which the permit
was sought. Such amendments, after approval, shall be filed with and
be deemed a part of the original application.
I.
Posting of permit.
J.
Expiration of permit.
(1)
A permit under which no work is commenced within six months after
issuance shall expire by limitation and a new permit shall be secured
before work is started.
K.
Revocation.
(1)
The Building Inspector may revoke a permit or approval issued under
the provisions of this code in case there has been any false statement
or misrepresentation as to a material fact in the application or plans
on which the permit or approval was based.
(2)
Whenever, in the opinion of the Building Inspector, by reason of
defective or illegal work in violation of a provision or requirement
of this code, the continuance of a building operation is contrary,
he shall order, in writing, all further work to be stopped until the
condition in violation has been corrected.
A.
New buildings. No building hereafter erected shall be occupied or
used, in whole or in part, until a certificate of occupancy shall
have been issued by the Building Inspector certifying that such building
conforms to the provisions of this code.
B.
Temporary occupancy. Upon the payment of $1 for such certificate,
the Building Inspector may issue upon the request of the holder of
a permit, or of the owner, a temporary certificate of occupancy for
a building, provided that such temporary occupancy or use would not
jeopardize life or property.
C.
Buildings hereafter altered. No building hereafter altered, wholly
or in part, as to change its classification of occupancy, and no building
hereafter altered for which a certificate of occupancy has not been
heretofore issued, shall be occupied or used, in whole or in part,
until a certificate of occupancy shall have been issued by the Building
Inspector certifying that the work for which the permit was issued
has been completed in accordance with the provisions of this code;
provided that if the occupancy or use of such building was not discontinued
during the work of alteration, the occupancy or use of the building
shall not continue for more than 30 days after completion of the alteration
unless such certificate shall have been issued.
D.
Certificate of occupancy. A certificate of occupancy shall be issued
within 10 days after application therefor, if the building at the
time of such application shall be entitled thereto. Such certificate
shall state the purposes for which the building may be used in its
several parts, the maximum permissible live loads, the number of individual
persons that may be accommodated, and all special stipulations of
the permit, if any.
E.
Change of occupancy. No change in nature of occupancy shall be made
unless such change is authorized under the provisions of this code
unless a new certificate of occupancy is secured.
A.
All buildings or structures which are structurally unstable or unsanitary,
inadequately provided with exit facilities, constituting a fire hazard
or otherwise dangerous to human life are hereby declared unsafe. All
such buildings or structures shall be repaired, made safe and so certified
by the Building Inspector. He shall cause any such building or structure
not made safe and so certified to be vacated or removed.
B.
Should the owner of the premises fail to repair or remove an unsafe
building or structure, the Building Inspector shall cause the necessary
removal to be done. Costs incurred shall be charged to the owner of
the premises and shall be collected in the manner provided by law.
Any person or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions
of this chapter, including failure to apply for a building permit
or certificate of occupancy, shall be liable to a penalty of not exceeding,
in any one case of violation, $100, to be recovered with costs; and
any such violation shall also be deemed a misdemeanor punishable by
a fine not exceeding $50 or imprisonment not exceeding 50 days, or
by both such fine and imprisonment. Each week's violation shall constitute
a separate offense. Violations shall be prosecuted and penalties collected
in the manner prescribed by law or ordinance effective in the Town
of Rye.
The imposition of the penalties or other punishment herein prescribed
shall not preclude the Building Inspector from instituting appropriate
action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or
abate a violation, or to stop an illegal act, conduct, business or
use of a building or structure, in and about the premises.
A.
There is hereby established a board to be called the Board of Review,
to be appointed by the Town Board, consisting of three members, the
Chairman of which shall be designated by the Town Board. Of the members
of the Board first appointed, one shall hold office for a term of
one year; one for the term of two years; and one for the term of three
years after he is appointed. Their successors shall be appointed for
a term of three years from and after the expiration of the term of
their predecessor in office. If a vacancy shall occur, other than
the expiration of the term, it shall be filled by the Town Board by
appointment for the unexpired term. The Town Board shall have the
power to remove any member of the Board for cause and after public
hearing. All meetings of the Board shall be held at the call of the
Chairman and at such other times as the Board may determine. Such
Chairman, or, in his absence, the Acting Chairman, may administer
oaths and compel the attendance of witnesses. Such Board shall keep
minutes of its proceedings, showing the vote of each member upon every
question, or, if absent or failing to vote, indicating such fact,
and shall keep records of its examinations and other official actions.
B.
Whenever the Building Inspector shall reject or refuse to approve
the mode or manner of construction to be followed, or materials to
be used in the erection or alteration of a building or structure,
or when it is claimed that the provisions of this code do not apply,
or that an equally good or more desirable form of construction can
be employed in a specific case, the owner may appeal from the decision
of the Building Inspector to the Board of Review in the manner herein
prescribed.
C.
Said owner or his duly authorized agent shall, within five days after
notice of rejection, file notice of appeal with the Board. Such appeal
shall indicate the nature of the appeal, with supporting evidence
as may be necessary for an intelligent analysis of the matter of the
appeal.
D.
Hearings on appeals shall be open to the public. A concurring vote
of two members shall be necessary for the granting of a variance from
the decision of the Building Inspector. Every action of the Board
shall be by resolution, copies of which shall be certified to the
Building Inspector and to the appellant. No member of the Board shall
pass upon any question in which he is personally interested.
The Board of Review shall also act in an advisory capacity to
the Town Board and may recommend to the Town Board such amendments
of and additions to the code as it may deem advisable. Amendments
to this code shall not require approval of the Board of Review.
As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the
meanings indicated:
As applied to a building or structure, means a change or
rearrangement in the structural parts or in the exit facilities; or
an enlargement, whether by extending on a side or by increasing in
height; or the moving from one location to another; the term alter
in its various moods and tenses and its participial forms refers to
the making of an alteration.
A room, or suite of two or more rooms, occupied as the home
or residence of an individual, family or household.
As applied to any material, device or mode of construction,
means approved by the Building Inspector under the provisions of this
code as the result of investigations and tests approved by him, or
by reason of accepted test or tests by recognized authorities.
The horizontal area within the exterior walls or between
fire walls.
A story of a building partly below grade, but having at least
1/2 of its height, measured from finished floor to finished ceiling,
above grade.
A building arranged for sleeping or feeding for pay of more
than three and less than 15 persons.
A combination of materials to form a construction that is
safe and stable, and adapted to shelter or enclose persons or property
of any kind; the term "building" shall be construed as if followed
by the words "or part thereof."
The official or other person charged with the administration
and enforcement of this code, or his duly authorized representative.
A line, established by law, beyond which a building shall
not extend, except as specifically provided by law.
That portion of a building the ceiling of which is entirely
below or less than three feet six inches above grade.
An open, uncovered and unoccupied space, bounded on two or
more sides by the walls of the building. An inner court is a court
entirely within the exterior walls of a building. All other courts
are outer courts.
The elevation of the street grade established by the municipal
authorities; referring to a building, it means the elevation at that
point of the street grade that is opposite the center of the wall
nearest to and facing the street line; referring to an excavation,
it means the elevation at that point of the street grade which is
nearest to the point of the excavation under consideration.
The weight of walls, partitions, floors, roofs and all other
permanent construction of a building.
A building containing a room or rooms arranged for sleeping
quarters with accommodations for six or more persons.
A building occupied exclusively for residential purposes
for not more than two families.
A wall provided for the purpose of resisting the passage
of fire from one structure to another or from one area of a structure
to another.
The time in hours that the material or construction will
withstand the standard fire exposure as determined by a fire test
conforming to the Standard Fire Test Requirements of the American
Standards Association.
A floor space enclosed by exterior walls, fire walls or fire
partitions, or by a combination of them.
A building, or a part thereof, in which a motor vehicle is
stored, housed or kept.
A building, or part thereof, maintained or used for the convenience
of the resident occupant or occupants of the premises and in which
no business is carried on and no service is rendered to the public.
Any garage other than a private garage.
A building, or premises or any portion thereof where volatile
flammable oil for retail or wholesale supply to motor vehicles is
stored, housed or sold.
A room occupied for living, eating or sleeping, and includes
kitchens.
BUILDINGThe vertical distance from grade to the highest point of the roof beams in the case of flat roofs and to the average height of roofs having a pitch of more than one foot in 4 1/2 feet.
COURTThe vertical distance from the level of the floor of the lowest story served by that court to the level under consideration.
STORYThe vertical distance from top to top of two successive tiers of floor beams or finished floor surfaces.
WALLThe vertical distance to the top measured from the foundation wall, or from a girder or other immediate support of that wall.
A building arranged for the shelter and accommodation for
pay of 15 or more persons.
All imposed, fixed or transient loads other than dead load.
A portion or parcel of land considered as a unit, devoted
to a certain use or occupied by a building or a group of buildings
that are united by a common interest or use, and the customary accessories
and open spaces belonging to the same.
A line dividing one lot from another, or from a street or
other public space.
A building, or portion thereof, which is occupied by three
or more families, with separate living units and doing cooking or
having cooking equipment within their apartments.
As applied to a building, shall be construed as though followed
by the words "or intended, arranged or designed to be occupied."
Includes his duly authorized agent or attorney, a purchaser,
devisee, fiduciary, and a person having a vested or contingent interest
in the property in question.
A room or space in which provision is made for the seating
of 100 or more persons for religious, recreational, educational, political,
social or amusement purposes or for the consumption of food and drink,
including all connecting rooms or spaces with a common means of entrance
or exit.
A hall, corridor or passageway not within a dwelling unit
or other occupied space.
The replacement of existing work with the same or similar
materials for the purpose of maintenance and shall not include any
alteration that would be in violation of this code.
See § 14-11A(2).
INNER COURTIs its least horizontal dimension.
OUTER COURTThe shortest horizontal dimension measured in a direction parallel with the principal open end of such court.
A court or unoccupied space extending along the entire length
of a front, rear or side lot line.
A.
Classification. For the purposes of this code, all buildings or structures
shall be classified, with respect to occupancy and use, as public
buildings, residence buildings and commercial buildings, as hereinafter
specified and defined.
(1)
Public buildings are buildings or parts of buildings in which persons
congregate for civil, political, social, educational, religious or
recreational purposes, including, among others: schools, hospitals,
fire houses, police stations, nursing and convalescent homes.
(2)
Residence buildings are buildings or parts of buildings in which
sleeping accommodations are provided, including, among others: apartments,
dwellings, multiple dwellings, lodging houses, hotels, boardinghouses,
convents, dormitories, studios and clubhouses having sleeping accommodations.
(3)
Commercial and industrial buildings are buildings or parts of buildings
occupied for the transaction of business, including, among others:
office buildings, stores, markets, restaurants, warehouses, stables,
public garages, gasoline service stations, greenhouses, factories
and laboratories.
B.
Mixed occupancy. Where a portion of a building is used for different
purposes, the provisions of this code applying to each class of occupancy
shall apply to such parts of the building as come within that class;
and if there should be conflicting provisions, the requirements securing
the greater safety shall apply.
C.
Doubtful classification. In case a building is not specifically provided
for, or where there is any uncertainty as to its classification, its
status shall be fixed by a duly promulgated rule giving due regard
to safety.
[1]
Editor's Note: The Classification of Occupancies table is included as an attachment to this chapter.
The restrictions of the Zoning Ordinance shall not be deemed
to be modified by any provisions of this code, and such restrictions
shall be controlling except insofar as this code imposes greater restrictions
by reason of the type of construction in which case the provisions
of this code shall control.
A.
Institutional, convalescent or nursing buildings.
B.
Theatres and motion-picture theatres.
(1)
Theatres and motion-picture theatres shall be of fireproof or semifireproof
construction, except that portions of such buildings not over one
story or 40 feet in height may have combustible roof construction
if protected by fire-retardent ceilings.
(2)
No theatre or motion-picture theatre shall be located within or attached
to a building of other occupancy unless it is separated from such
other occupancies by walls and floors of noncombustible construction
having fire-resistance ratings of not less than three hours.
C.
Schools, assembly halls, dance halls, bowling alleys and auditoriums
shall have floors of not less than one hour fire resistance.
D.
Wall and ceiling finish. In public and institutional buildings, and
in all places of assembly and exit ways therefrom, no combustible
material shall be used as interior wall or ceiling finish.
E.
Business and residence separation. In buildings of other than fireproof
or semifireproof construction, portions classified as of business
occupancy shall be separated from portions classified as of residence
occupancy by floors, partitions and ceilings having a fire-resistance
rating of not less than one hour and by fire-retardant ceilings. Such
partitions, ceilings and floors shall, in addition, be soundproofed.
F.
Separation of dwellings. Walls or partitions separating two families
shall consist of a form of construction having a fire-resistance rating
of not less than one hour. Such walls, if other than masonry, and
partitions shall, in addition, be soundproofed.
G.
Partitions in multifamily dwellings. In multifamily dwellings, partitions
separating apartments or apartments from hallways or apartments from
other occupancies, and partitions separating stores from hallways
or other occupancies shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less
than one hour, with openings equipped with fire doors or with substantial
metal or metal-covered doors or solid wood doors of the flush type
not less than 1 3/4 inch thick. Such partitions separating apartments
from apartments, or apartments from stores shall, in addition, be
soundproofed.
H.
Fire walls, multifamily dwellings. Multifamily units served by one
or more stairs each shall be separated from each adjoining unit by
fire walls of solid masonry having a fire-resistance rating of not
less than two hours.
A.
Habitable rooms.
(1)
Every habitable room shall have one or more windows opening directly
on a street, court or yard conforming to the requirements of this
section.
(2)
Such rooms shall be not less than seven feet wide in any part, and
shall not contain less than 70 square feet of clear floor area. Such
rooms shall have a clear height of not less than seven feet six inches
for at least 75% of floor area with no portion less than five feet
in height.
(3)
It shall be unlawful to divide a habitable room or enclose a part
thereof by curtains, portieres, fixed or movable partitions or other
contrivances or devices, unless each part of the room so divided or
enclosed shall separately conform to the requirements of this section.
B.
Other rooms.
(1)
Every room occupied for office, clerical or administrative purposes
and every room occupied as a store, salesroom, restaurant, market,
kitchen serving a restaurant, laundry, machinery or boiler room shall
be provided with one or more windows opening directly on a street
or on a court conforming to the requirements of this section, or such
rooms shall be provided with ventilating skylights; or be provided
with an approved means of mechanical ventilation.
(2)
In public buildings, every room used as an auditorium or for public
assembly, and every other room that is not provided with windows opening
directly on a street or on a court shall be provided with an approved
means of mechanical ventilation.
(3)
A kitchenette may be separated from the adjoining room by doors,
but every kitchenette shall have a window at least 1/10 the area of
the kitchenette opening directly on a street or a court; or be provided
with an approved means of mechanical ventilation.
C.
Bathrooms and water-closet compartments. Every bathroom and every
room containing one or more water closets or urinals shall be ventilated
by one or more windows opening on a street or on a court; or on a
vent shaft which extends through the roof; or by a separate duct of
incombustible material, not less than one square foot in area for
one or two water closets or urinal fixtures and 1/3 of a square foot
additional for each additional water closet or urinal fixture; or
by a ventilating skylight; or by an approved means of mechanical ventilation.
D.
Stairways and corridors.
(1)
Every stairway, public hall or corridor in multifamily dwellings
and in institutional buildings shall be ventilated by one or more
windows opening directly on a street or on a court.
(2)
Every recess or return, the depth or length of which exceeds twice
the width of the hall or corridor that is shut off from any other
part by a door or doors, shall be deemed a separate hall or corridor.
E.
Rooms below grade. Every room, other than a habitable room, the ceiling
of which is below grade or is less than four feet above grade and
which is frequented by the public or in which five or more persons
are regularly employed or congregate shall, unless provided with windows
as required for habitable rooms, be provided with an approved means
of mechanical ventilation.
G.
Windows.
(1)
The aggregate glass area of windows required shall be not less than
1/10 of the floor area of the room served by them; provided that in
habitable rooms such glass area shall be not less than 10 square feet,
and in bathrooms it shall be not less than three square feet.
(2)
Windows shall be so constructed as to have an aggregate openable
area of at least 50%.
H.
Vent shafts. Shafts shall have a cross-sectional area of not less
than 1/5 of a square foot for every foot of height of shaft, but not
less than nine square feet in any case. No such shaft shall be less
than two feet in its least dimension.
I.
Skylights.
(1)
Skylights placed over shafts, vent shafts and stair enclosures shall
be glazed with plain glass and protected by a substantial wire screen
placed over the glazed portion. Such screen shall extend beyond the
glazing on all sides a distance not less than the height of the screen
above the glazing.
(2)
When a skylight is located over a stairway, public hallway or a place
of assembly, a similar screen shall also be placed below the skylight,
unless there is an intermediate ceiling light.
A.
Width.
(1)
Every court required to serve habitable rooms shall have a width,
at any given level, of not less than 1/3 of the height of such court,
but not less than six feet.
(2)
Every other required court shall have a width, at any given level
of not less than 1/4 of the height of such court, but not less than
six feet.
B.
Area. The cross-sectional area of a required court shall be not less
than 1 1/2 times the square of its required least dimension.
C.
Intakes. Every court serving one or more habitable rooms, that does
not open for its full height on a street or yard, shall be connected
at or near the bottom by a horizontal passage.
A.
Exit way defined.
(1)
EXIT WAY — The exit doorway or doorways, or such doorways together
with connecting hallways or stairways, either interior or exterior,
or fire escapes, by means of which persons may proceed safely from
a room or space to a street or to an open space which provides safe
access to a street. Exit ways from any room may lead through other
rooms of the same tenancy.
(2)
Two or more separate exit ways may use the same corridor or hallway;
provided that such corridor or hallway is enclosed by and separated
from exit stairways and other parts of the building by partitions
having a fire-resistance rating of not less than one hour.
B.
Number of occupants.
(1)
The dimensions and capacity of exit ways shall be proportioned to
the number of persons to be accommodated.
(2)
When the number of persons to be accommodated by the exit way is
not stated in the application for a permit or is not otherwise fixed,
it shall be decided on the basis of the gross area of the space devoted
to a particular purpose and shall be assumed to be as follows:
|
Occupancy
|
Gross Area Per Person
(square feet)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Dance hall, lodge room or place of assembly
|
15
| |
|
Store, street floor and sales basement
|
30
| |
|
Other floors
|
60
| |
|
Space used for occupancies not listed above
| ||
|
Public
|
40
| |
|
Institutional
|
150
| |
|
Residences
|
125
| |
|
Business
|
100
| |
|
Storage
|
300
| |
C.
Number of exits.
(1)
From rooms. Every room having an area exceeding 1,000 square feet
or occupied by more than 100 persons shall have at least two exit
ways.
(2)
From stories. Every story shall have at least one exit way and every
story that exceeds 2,500 square feet in area shall have at least two
separate exit ways.
(3)
Apartments. In every two-story multifamily dwelling of other than
fireproof or semifireproof construction having more than six apartments
using a common exit way, every apartment that has not direct exit
to a street, or to a court opening on a street, shall have access
to at least one additional exit way separated from and independent
of the primary stairway. Access to the separate and independent exit
ways may be through the same corridor or hallway; provided that such
corridor or hallway is enclosed by and separated from exit stairways
and other parts of the building by partitions having a fire-resistance
rating of not less than one hour, except as otherwise prescribed.
(4)
Places of assembly. Every room, gallery, balcony, tier or other space
having a capacity of 100 or more persons shall have at least two exit
doorways, and where the capacity is more than 600 persons at least
three exit ways, and where the capacity is more than 1,000 persons
at least four exit ways. Such exit ways shall be independent of each
other.
(5)
Basements and cellars. All basements and cellars in all buildings
except dwellings shall be provided with a stairway having direct access
to a street or to a court or yard opening on a street.
D.
Locations. Exit doorways shall be so located that no point in a floor
area, room or space served by them is more than 100 feet distant from
an exit doorway, measured along the line of travel; except that when
a floor area is subdivided into smaller areas, such as rooms in hotels
and office buildings, the distance from the door of any room, along
an unobstructed hallway, to an exit doorway, shall be not more than
125 feet.
E.
Remoteness. Where two exits are required, they shall be placed as
remote from each other as practicable.
F.
Scuttles. Unless provided with some other means of access to the
roof, every building, except dwellings with peak roofs, shall have
in its roof a scuttle or trap door with a substantial iron ladder
leading thereto. No scuttle or trap door shall be located in a closet
or other inaccessible space.
A.
Construction.
(1)
Required interior stairways shall be constructed of noncombustible
materials throughout, except in buildings of frame construction, and
in buildings of ordinary construction occupied by not more than 40
persons above or below the first story above grade.
(2)
In buildings more than two stories high above grade with roofs having
a pitch of not more than one in four, at least one required stairway
shall continue to the roof.
B.
Enclosures.
(1)
In all fireproof and semifireproof buildings, and in all commercial
and industrial buildings of other than fireproof or semifireproof
construction, all interior stairs and shafts shall be enclosed with
fire partitions having a rating of not less than two hours.
(2)
In multifamily dwellings of other than fireproof or semifireproof
construction, interior stairs shall be enclosed with partitions having
a fire-resistance rating of not less than one hour.
(3)
Interior stairs in dwellings occupied by one family need not be enclosed.
(4)
Nothing in this section shall require the enclosure of a flight of
stairs from the main entrance floor to the next floor above, provided
that such stair is not classified as a required stair and that the
required stairs are enclosed as prescribed.
(5)
No openings shall be permitted in the stair enclosures required,
other than doorways, and such windows as are necessary for lighting.
The doorways shall be equipped with approved self-closing fire doors,
except that when fire partitions are not required for the enclosures,
solid flush-type self-closing doors of wood may be used.
C.
Basement or cellar stairs. Except in dwellings, basement or cellar
stairways located under stairways from upper stories shall be completely
enclosed by construction with a fire-resistance rating equal to the
required enclosure above the basement and in no case less than one
hour.
D.
Width.
(1)
The minimum unobstructed width of every stairway serving as a required
exit, except for handrails projecting not more than 3 1/2 inches
into such width, shall be not less than 44 inches, provided that in
residences, multifamily dwellings and in other buildings occupied
by a single tenant and limited in occupancy to 40 persons, such width
may be 36 inches, and in dwellings the width may be 32 inches.
(2)
The aggregate width of exit stairways in any story, except in places
of assembly, shall be such that they may accommodate at one time the
total number of persons permitted to occupy the largest floor area
served by such stairways above that story, on the basis of one person
for each three square feet of floor surface of the halls, landings
and stair treads within the stairways; provided that, when the building
is sprinklered, the required aggregate exit capacity may be reduced
to 1/2 in ordinary construction, and to 1/2 in buildings of fireproof
or semifireproof construction. The term "story" as used in this paragraph
means the space included between two successive floor levels at which
there are exit doors leading into the stairway.
(3)
In places of assembly, such aggregate width shall be not less than
at the rate of 22 inches for every 100 persons to be accommodated
by such stairway.
(4)
The hallway or corridor connecting a stairway with the exit doors
leading to the street, or to a court, shall have a clear width of
not less than the aggregate required widths of stairways served thereby.
E.
Treads and risers.
(1)
Treads and risers of required stairs shall be so proportioned that
the product of the width of the tread, exclusive of nosing, and the
height of riser, in inches, shall be not less than 70 nor more than
75; but risers shall not exceed 7 3/4 inches in height, and treads,
exclusive of nosings, shall be not less than 9 1/2 inches wide.
Treads and risers shall be of uniform width and height in any one
story.
(2)
The use of winders is prohibited in required stairways.
F.
Landings.
(1)
No flight of stairs shall have a vertical rise of more than 12 feet
between floors or landings; except that in stairways serving as exits
in public buildings, such vertical rise shall not exceed eight feet.
(2)
The length and width of landings shall not be less than the width
of stairways in which they occur.
G.
Handrails.
(1)
All stairs when less than 44 inches in width shall have handrails
at least on one side.
(2)
Stairs when required to be 44 inches or more in width shall have
handrails on both sides.
(3)
When the required width of a stairway exceeds 88 inches, an intermediate
handrail, continuous between landings, securely supported and terminating
at the upper end in newels or standards at least six feet high, shall
be provided.
H.
Space under stairs. Except in dwellings and in the case of where
no other stair is directly underneath another one, the space under
stairs shall be left entirely open and kept clear and free from encumbrances.
I.
Ramps. Ramps may be used in place of stairways, provided such ramps
are constructed and enclosed as required for the stairway displaced.
No such ramp shall have a slope exceeding one foot in 10 feet.
J.
Lighting. Required stairways, hallways and other means of exit, including
exterior open spaces to or through which exits lead, shall be kept
adequately lighted at all times that the building served thereby is
occupied.
A.
Fire towers.
(1)
Except as specified below, fire towers when installed shall conform
to the requirements for interior stairways.
(2)
The enclosing walls shall be of approved masonry and there shall
be no openings in such walls, except for the necessary doors or windows.
The roof shall be of fireproof construction.
(3)
Access to the stairway at each story served by a fire tower shall
be by vestibules or outside balconies having floors of noncombustible
materials and provided with substantial railings at least four feet
high without any openings over eight inches in width. Such balconies
shall adjoin a yard or court. The balconies shall be level with the
floors of the building. The clear width of such connecting balconies
and vestibules shall be not less than that required for hallways.
Self-closing fire doors, swinging in the direction of travel from
the building to the fire tower, shall be provided at both building
and fire-tower ends of such balcony or vestibule.
B.
Exterior stairways.
(1)
Exterior stairways shall conform to the requirements for interior
stairs, except that screen-wire enclosures shall be provided on all
exposed sides to a height of five feet. Such exterior stairways may
be accepted as a means of egress provided there is at least one additional
approved interior stairway.
(2)
Access. Each story served by an exterior stairway shall have access
to the stairway direct through an exit doorway.
(3)
Openings protected. All doors and windows opening on or within 10
feet of such stairs shall be protected with approved automatic fire
doors or automatic fire windows.
(4)
Construction. Exterior stairs shall be of sufficient strength to
sustain a live load of 100 pounds per square foot. Such stair shall
be constructed entirely of noncombustible materials except on buildings
of wood frame construction in which case such stairways may be constructed
of wood members not less than two inches thick.
A.
Exterior fire escapes shall be constructed of incombustible materials.
B.
Such fire escapes shall be of sufficient strength to sustain a live
load of 100 pounds per square foot.
C.
They shall be so located that they can be readily and safely reached
by the occupants of the building and shall provide safe egress at
the foot of the same to a yard or court.
D.
Unless the stair or ladder leading to the ground is permanently fixed,
the stair or ladder shall be so constructed as to permit it to be
easily and quickly released and placed in rigid position for use and,
in the case of stairs, shall be counterbalanced. Fire escapes shall
have a balcony at each story which shall be at least 36 inches wide
and at least 54 inches long, and shall be provided with stairs extending
to the ground level with a maximum riser of eight inches and a minimum
width of tread of eight inches exclusive of nosing. Drop ladders or
counterbalanced stairs may be permitted only when the height of the
lowest balcony is 16 feet or less above the ground level. Drop ladders
where permitted shall be provided with approved type of guides and
hooks.
The clear width of every hallway or passage leading to a required
exit shall be not less than at the rate of 12 inches for every 100
persons to be accommodated by the hallway but not less than 44 inches;
provided that in dwellings and multifamily dwellings, or in case less
than 40 persons are to be accommodated, the minimum clear width may
be 36 inches.
A.
Width. No exit doorway, except in multiple dwellings, shall have
a clear width of less than 34 inches (nominal thirty-six-inch door).
The aggregate clear width of doorways serving as exits for more than
40 persons shall not be less than at the rate of 22 inches for every
100 persons to be accommodated.
B.
Hanging of doors.
(1)
The doors of required doorways shall be hung and so arranged that
when opened they shall not in any way diminish or obstruct the required
width of hallways, stairs or other means of exit.
(2)
Doors leading directly to a street shall not, in any position, project
beyond the building line. Doorways serving as exits to a street from
required stairways of any building, except residence buildings occupied
by one family, or to an open court or yard, shall have the doors,
including the doors of vestibules, so hung as to swing outward when
opening; but this requirement shall not be construed to prohibit the
use of doors swinging both inward and outward, nor of sliding doors
in garages, and in the shipping and receiving rooms of business buildings.
(3)
No doors shall open immediately on a flight of stairs, but a landing
the length and width of which are not less than the width of such
door shall be provided between such door and such stairs.
(4)
All exit doors in rooms occupied by 50 or more persons and all exit
doors in exit ways from places of assembly shall be hung to swing
in the direction of exit travel, but this requirement shall not be
construed to prohibit doors swinging both inward and outward.
C.
Revolving doors.
(1)
Revolving doors, to be acceptable as exit doors, shall have a width
equal to that required for an acceptable swinging door, the width
in the case of such a door with rigid braces being the width of a
single wing, and in the case of such a door in which the wings may
be readily released from one another by pressure so they may swing
independently, being the aggregate clear width of the two openings
on each side of the central shaft.
(2)
Revolving doors shall not be used as exit doors in theatre, institutional
or other buildings occupied as stores where more than 75 persons are
likely to congregate, unless there are also exit doors of the swinging
type, having an aggregate width of at least 50% of required width
of exit doors and there is at least one swinging door adjacent to
each revolving door.
(3)
Revolving doors shall be used in exit ways only at points of egress
from the first story at or just above grade.
A.
General. All structural members shall be of approved noncombustible
construction.
B.
Walls.
(1)
Exterior walls and wall panels shall have a fire-resistance rating
of not less than four hours.
(2)
All bearing walls shall be constructed of solid masonry or reinforced
concrete.
(3)
Lintels over openings in walls shall be protected as required for
beams; provided that when the span does not exceed four feet, or such
opening is spanned by a fireproof beam above the lintel, the fireproofing
may be omitted. Stone lintels shall not be used unless supplemented
with iron or steel lintels, capable of taking the full load.
C.
Columns. Columns shall be protected with materials and construction
having a fire-resistance rating of not less than four hours.
D.
Floors and roofs.
(1)
Floor and roof construction shall have a fire-resistance rating of
not less than three hours.
(2)
Floor and roof slabs in reinforced concrete construction, other than
slabs supported on steel joists, shall be at least four inches thick.
(3)
Beams and girders supporting masonry shall be protected by materials
and construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than
three hours and floor and roof beams and girders, other than those
supporting walls, shall have a fire-resistance rating of less than
three hours.
(4)
Trusses supporting columns or masonry walls shall be protected by
materials and construction having a fire-resistance rating of not
less than four hours. Other trusses shall be protected by materials
and construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than three
hours except that trusses which support only roof loads and ceilings
over floor areas having a clear height not less than 25 feet below
the lower chords of the trusses may be protected by a ceiling of noncombustible
construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than one
hour.
(5)
No pipes, wires, cables or other service equipment shall be embedded
in any required fireproofing.
E.
Partitions.
(1)
Only noncombustible material shall be used for corridor partitions,
for partitions enclosing toilet rooms and other service compartments
and for partitions separating the spaces occupied by separate tenants.
(2)
Nothing in this section shall prevent the erection of temporary partitions
of wood, glass or other approved material within rooms or spaces occupied
by single tenancy.
F.
Flooring, trim and interior finish.
(1)
Where wooden sleepers are used for wood floors, the space between
the floor slab and the underside of the wooden flooring shall be filled
with noncombustible material.
(2)
Wooden trim used for door or window casings, chair rails, cornices,
baseboards shall be solidly backed with noncombustible material.
A.
General. All structural members shall be of approved noncombustible
construction.
B.
Walls.
(1)
Exterior walls and panel walls shall have a fire-resistance rating
of not less than four hours.
(2)
All bearing walls shall be constructed of solid masonry or reinforced
concrete.
(3)
Lintels over openings in walls shall be protected with materials
and construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than
three hours, except that when the span does not exceed six feet, or
such opening is spanned by a fireproofed beam above the lintel, the
fireproofing may be omitted.
C.
Columns. Columns shall be protected with materials and construction
having a fire-resistance rating of not less than three hours.
D.
Floors and roofs.
(1)
Floor and roof construction shall be protected by materials and construction
having a fire-resistance rating of not less than two hours.
(2)
Beams and girders supporting masonry shall be protected by materials
and construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than
three hours. Other beams and girders shall have a fire-resistance
rating of not less than two hours.
(3)
Trusses supporting columns or masonry walls shall be protected by
materials and construction having a fire-resistance rating of not
less than three hours. Other trusses shall be protected with materials
and construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than
two hours; except that trusses which support only roof loads and ceilings
over floor areas having a clear height not less than 25 feet below
the lower chords of the trusses may be protected by a ceiling of noncombustible
construction having a rating of not less than one hour.
(4)
No pipes, wires, cables or other service equipment shall be embedded
in any required fireproofing.
E.
Partitions.
(1)
If combustible material enters into the construction of partitions,
they shall be built to have a fire-resistance rating of not less than
one hour.
(2)
Nothing in this section shall prevent the erection of temporary partitions
of wood, glass or other approved material within the rooms or spaces
occupied by single tenancy.
F.
Flooring, trim and interior finish.
(1)
Where wooden sleepers are used for wood floors, the space between
the floor slab and the underside of the wooden flooring shall be filled
with noncombustible material.
(2)
Wooden trim used for doors or window casings, chair rails, cornices
and baseboards shall be solidly backed with noncombustible material.
Ordinary construction, as applied to buildings, means that in
which exterior walls and bearing walls are of masonry or of reinforced
concrete, and in which the structural members, including columns,
floors and roof construction, are wholly or partly of wood, or of
steel or iron not protected as required for fireproof or semifireproof
construction.
A.
LIGHT STEEL CONSTRUCTION
Definition. As used in this section, the following terms shall have
the meanings indicated:
As applied to buildings, means that in which exterior walls,
bearing partitions, floor and roof construction are wholly of light
steel or iron not protected as required for fireproofing or semifireproof
construction; and in which the exterior wall studs are covered with
masonry, veneered or otherwise, stucco or other durable weatherproof
material as approved by the Building Inspector.
B.
Steel stud walls.
(1)
General. Steel studs, steel joists and other steel supports used
in the structural frame of light steel construction, shall be light-weight
rolled sections or sections made of commonly accepted or specially
formed light-gauge flat rolled sheets; or a combination of both used
alone or in combination with other materials of construction.
(2)
Strength. Steel studs, steel joists and other steel supports shall
be so designed and constructed that the working stresses as fixed
in the code are not exceeded. The minimum thickness of metal permitted
for bearing studs, floor- and roof-framing members shall be 16 gauge,
and for roof decks, supported on ribs, 20 gauge.
(3)
Construction.
(a)
Steel studs, steel joists and other steel supporting members
used in the structural frame of light steel construction shall be
connected together by welding, riveting, bolting or other approved
methods. Steel members supported on masonry or reinforced concrete
shall have end bearings at least four inches in length and the ends
of such members shall be provided with approved joist anchors thoroughly
embedded therein.
(b)
Bearing plates shall be securely welded, riveted or bolted to
such floor and roof members, and to studs and other supporting members.
Such plates shall be anchored to masonry or reinforced concrete walls.
(c)
Where studs do not continue full length from one story through
the next story above, a cap plate or other steel member shall be provided
on top of the lower-story studs. Such cap plate or steel member shall
be of sufficient strength to distribute adequately the loads from
the upper-story studs to the lower-story studs.
A.
WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Definition. As used in this section, the following terms shall have
the meanings indicated:
As applied to buildings, means that in which walls and interior
construction are wholly or partly of wood.
B.
Exterior walls.
(1)
Framing for exterior walls shall be so constructed as to develop
a strength and rigidity equivalent to wood studding, not less than
two by four inches, spaced 16 inches on centers with the larger dimension
perpendicular to the wall.
(2)
Corner posts shall be no less than three two-by-four-inch studs nailed
together or the equivalent thereof.
(3)
Except in the case of where exterior wood sheathing is applied diagonally,
exterior walls shall be braced at all corners with no less than one-by-four-inch
bracing let into faces of studding, set at 45° and nailed with
two nails at every bearing.
C.
Sills.
(1)
Sills shall be bedded in mortar and anchored to the foundation wall
at intervals not exceeding six feet by anchors not less than 1/2 inch
in diameter embedded at least eight inches in the foundation.
(2)
Sills for one-story buildings, other than private garages to be no
less than two inches by six inches.
(3)
Sills for two-story buildings, other than platform construction,
shall be two two-by-six inches nailed together.
(4)
Sills for one-story private garages may be two two-by-fours nailed
together.
(5)
In platform construction, sill resting directly on the foundation
wall shall be no less than two inches by six inches, with outer vertical
floor timber same in size as floor joists. Exterior wall sill under
studs, in this case shall be two inches by four inches.
(6)
For one-story residence buildings in which concrete floor panel heating
systems are installed, sills shall be no less than two two-by-fours
nailed together.
D.
Plates. Plates shall be no less than two two-by-fours nailed together.
E.
Ledger boards. Ledger boards or ribbons shall be one inch by six
inches let into studs and securely nailed with two nails to each stud.
F.
Sheathing.
(1)
Exterior wall sheathing may be of wood sheathing boards three-fourths-inch
thick, plywood no less than five-sixteenths-inch thick, asphalt saturated
fibre boards no less than three-fourths-inch thick, or water-repellant
asphalt-treated gypsum core board no less than one-half-inch thick.
(2)
Fiber or gypsum board is not acceptable as a nailing base. Where
such boards are used for wall sheathing, one-inch by three-inch nailing
strips shall be applied over the sheathing boards, using nails long
enough to pass through sheathing and penetrating at least one inch
into the studs. Nailing strips shall be spaced according to shingle
or siding exposure.
H.
Beams and girders.
(1)
Wooden beams and joists, except headers and trimmers, shall have
a bearing of at least four inches.
(2)
Wooden trimmers, headers and tail joists over six feet in length
unless supported on walls or girders, shall be hung in approved stirrups
or hangers. The ends of the beams shall be securely nailed to the
supporting members.
(3)
Beams if not more than six feet in length, framing flush with girders
may rest on no less than a two-inch by two-inch ledger board securely
nailed to girder and ends of beams nailed to girder.
(4)
Beams shall be doubled under partitions which run over and parallel
to the beams, or shall be designed for the load.
(5)
Where piping or duct work occurs, block joists apart at four-foot
intervals.
(6)
Beams around all openings such as for stairs, shafts, chimneys, etc.,
shall be doubled if within strength requirements, or shall be designed
to take the load.
(7)
Beams resting on ledger boards of exterior walls shall be securely
nailed to studs.
(8)
The ends of beams resting in masonry shall be cut to a bevel of three
inches in their depth.
I.
Anchorage.
(1)
All trimmers and at least one beam in every six feet resting on masonry
walls shall be secured to such walls by approved T-metal straps applied
at or near bottom.
(2)
Where floor or roof joists or beams run parallel to masonry walls,
such joists or beams shall be tied to masonry with metal straps spaced
not more than eight feet for dwellings, and six feet in other buildings.
(3)
Wall plates and roof construction shall be anchored to masonry walls
at least every six feet by anchors not less than one-half-inch in
diameter embedded at least eight inches in masonry.
J.
Columns and posts.
(1)
All wood columns and posts shall be squared at the ends, and cap
and base plates and dowels, if required shall be provided.
(2)
Wood columns or posts, where exposed to possible dampness, shall
have the ends treated with wood preservative.
(3)
No wooden column or post shall be used in basements or cellars for
any type of construction.
(4)
Column or post caps shall be drilled for fastening to girders.
(5)
Column or post bases, if not built into masonry, shall be drilled
for anchor bolts.
K.
Load-bearing partitions.
(1)
Load-bearing partitions shall be the equivalent of two-inch by four-inch
studs, spaced not more than 16 inches on centers with the larger dimension
perpendicular to the wall. Top plates shall be two two-by-fours and
bottom or sole plate two inches by four inches. All bearing partitions
shall have one horizontal row of bridging in height, of same size
as studs.
(2)
No wood-bearing partitions in basements or cellars will be allowed.
(3)
Except in dwellings not over one story high, all bearing partitions
shall be supported at basement or cellar ceilings on steel or reinforced
concrete girders.
L.
Bridging. Wood cross bridging shall be placed between joists if the
span is over eight feet. The distance between bridging or between
bridging and bearing shall not exceed eight feet. Wood cross bridging
shall not be less than 1 1/4 inches by three inches. Rigid metal
bridging of design approved by the Building Inspector may be used.
M.
Roof framing; trusses.
(1)
All roof rafters shall be designed to support all superimposed loads
and so framed and tied into framework and supporting walls as to form
an integral part of the whole building.
(2)
In pitched roofs all valley rafters shall be doubled.
(3)
Rafters and headers shall be doubled around all dormer, chimney and
other openings.
(4)
Depth of ridge, valley and hip rafters shall not be less than cut
end of rafter.
(5)
Roof rafter ends resting on plates shall have full bearing over plates
and shall not be notched to extend below top of plate more than 1/16
the depth of the rafters.
(6)
Collar beams shall be no less than one inch by six inches spaced
no more than 48 inches on centers. When collar beams are above the
lower 1/3 of the rafters, and ties are not provided at the plate line,
provision shall be made for tying the lower end of rafters to floor,
ceiling or wall construction. If the collar beams serve as ceiling
joists in such cases, they shall be of same thickness and spacing
as rafters.
(7)
Detail of all timber trusses, their connections and bearings, shall
be submitted for approval.
N.
Cutting of beams. No beam or girders shall be cut more than 1/6 the
depth of the beams or girders at bearings, nor cut or drilled at other
points to reduce their strength.
O.
Fire-stopping.
(1)
Exterior walls shall be fire-stopped at each floor level, at the
top story ceiling level, at the roof level in the case of flat roofs,
and at the foot of roof rafters in the case of sloping roofs.
(2)
Joists shall be fire-stopped at the ends and over supports for the
full depth of the joists.
(3)
Interior stud partitions shall be fire-stopped at the floor and ceiling
of each story.
(4)
Fire-stopping shall be of noncombustible material or of wood not
less than two inches in thickness.
P.
Openings. All wall openings in stud walls four feet wide or less
shall be provided with double header not less than two two-by-four
inches, securely fastened together, and such headers shall have two-inch
solid bearing to the floor or plate. All openings more than four feet
wide shall be provided with lintels designed to take the load.
Q.
Subflooring. Subflooring boards shall be three-fourths-inch thick, laid diagonally, or plywood of thickness conforming with the provisions of Subsection S of this section.
S.
Plywood. Maximum spacing of floor joists, exterior wall studs, interior
wall studs and roof rafters shall be as follows:
(1)
Plywood subfloor. Minimum thickness of plywood for subfloor shall
be five-sixteenth-inch thick if used under three-fourths-inch wood
finish floor with maximum spacing of floor joists 16 inches on center.
If used as subfloor under composition floors with maximum spacing
of floor joists 16 inches on center, for 40 pounds live load only,
plywood shall be a minimum of three-fourths-inch thick. For live loads
over 40 pounds, plywood subfloor shall be of thickness designed to
take the load.
(2)
Plywood exterior wall sheathing. Minimum thickness of plywood for
exterior wall sheathing shall be five-sixteenth-inch maximum stud
spacing of 16 inches.
(3)
Plywood roof sheathing. Minimum thickness of plywood for roof sheathing
shall be as follows:
|
Roofing material
|
Maximum Spacing of Rafters
(inches)
|
Minimum Plywood Thickness
(inches)
|
|---|---|---|
|
Wood and asphalt shingles
|
16
|
5/16
|
|
Slate, tile and asbestos cement
|
16
|
1/2
|
|
Flat roofs
|
16
|
3/8
|
T.
Interior dry-wall finish.
(1)
Material. Plywood, fiberboard, gypsum board, hard board or other
compressed composition or natural board when approved by the Building
Inspector may be used.
(2)
Stud spacing. Minimum stud spacing shall be 16 inches on center for
one-fourth-inch plywood or hard board, three-eighths-inch gypsum board
or one-half-inch fiberboard. Solid blocking shall be installed behind
all joints.
(3)
Solid backing. Dry-wall-finish boards may be nailed or cemented in
place over solid-wood or plaster backing.
(4)
Joints. Joints in dry-wall-finish boards may be taped, tongued and
grooved, ship lapped or battened.
(5)
Nailing. Plywood, fiberboard, gypsum board, when not cemented in place, shall be nailed to conform with the provisions of Subsection V following. Other hard board or compressed composition or natural boards shall, if not cemented in place, be nailed in accordance with the manufacturer's directions.
U.
Exterior wall finish.
(1)
Exterior walls may be of wood, asbestos cement or noncorroding metal
siding or shingles; exterior grade plywood; stucco; masonry veneer;
or other durable and stable weatherproof material if request for use
of such is accompanied by a written report from recognized authorities
certifying to the material's suitability as such to the satisfaction
of the Building Inspector.
(2)
Application of asbestos-cement siding and shingles shall be over
solid sheathing. Wood strips only as a nailing base is not acceptable.
(3)
Asbestos-cement and noncorrosive metal siding and shingles shall
be applied with noncorrosive nails in accordance with manufacturer's
directions.
(4)
Where corner boards are used, they shall be applied to both faces
of the wall.
(5)
All edges of plywood used for exterior wall finish shall be coated
with white lead. All joints shall be filled with mastic and covered
with battens. Plywood shall be nailed in place with noncorrosive nails.
V.
Recommended nailing schedule.
|
Stud to sill plate
|
3-16d toe nail
|
|
Stud to cap plate
|
2-16d end nail
|
|
Double studs
|
16d — 30 inches on center
|
|
Sill plate to joist or blocking
|
20d — 16 inches on center
|
|
Cap plates, spiked together
|
16d — 24 inches on center
|
|
Cap plate laps
|
3-16d face nail
|
|
Floor joists to studs
|
3-16d face nail
|
|
Floor joist to sill or girder
|
2-16d toe nail
|
|
Ceiling joists to plate
|
2-16d toe nail
|
|
Ceiling joists to alternate rafters
|
3-16d face nail
|
|
Ceiling joists, laps over partitions
|
3-16d face nail
|
|
Collar beam
|
4-10d face nail
|
|
Bridging to joists
|
2-8d each end
|
|
Diagonal brace, to stud and plate, each bearing
|
2-8d face nail
|
|
Roof rafter to plate
|
3-16d toe nail
|
|
Roof rafters to ridge
|
2-16d toe nail
|
|
Jack rafter to hip
|
3-10d toe nail
|
|
Ledger strip
|
3-20d face nail at each joist
|
|
Ribbon, 6 inches or less
|
2-10d face nail at each bearing
|
|
1-inch sub-flooring, 6 inches or less
|
2-8d face nail each joist
|
|
2-inch sub-flooring
|
2-20d face nail each joist
|
|
1-inch sheathing, 8 inches or less
|
2-8d face nail each bearing
|
|
1-inch sheathing, over 8 inches
|
3-8d face nail each bearing
|
|
Plywood
|
6d 6 inches on center edges
12 inches on center interior
|
|
Gypsum sheathing
|
Large head, corrosion resistive 7-No. 11g x 1 3/4-inch
per bearing under shingles
4 per bearing all other cases
|
|
Fiber board sheathing
|
8d 3 inches on center edges
8d 6 inches on center interior
|
|
Shingles — wood
|
Corrosion resistive 2-No. 14 B&S each bearing
|
|
Siding
|
Corrosion resistive 2-8d each bearing
|
W.
Stress skin panels. Approved panels or other integrated assemblies
fabricated of dimension lumber with wood stress-coverings glued thereto,
or consisting of structural units of metal-covered or plywood or approved
plastics, formed into prefabricated load-bearing members may be permitted
for use in floors, roofs, walls, partitions, and ceilings if complying
with this code as regards strength and safety. The fastenings of covering
assemblies to structural studs, ribs or joists shall provide rigidity
equivalent to approved gluing. Nailing shall not be acceptable for
that purpose.
X.
Built-up lumber construction. Buildings and structures may be designed
and erected of glued, laminated structural members of standard commercial
or stress-grade lumber, or of composite members of plywood and dimension
lumber.
Provided, that all requirements of this code are met with, such
as for strength, stability, public safety, light and ventilation;
and that drawings, details and application for permit are accompanied
by duly authenticated written reports of tests made by recognized
authorities testifying to the structural strength and stability to
the satisfaction of the Building Inspector, no provision of this code
shall be construed to prohibit the erection and occupancy of buildings
prefabricated of accepted known materials or new materials, in units,
subassemblies, panels or sections.
A.
Drawings. Drawings and details shall be complete, legible and together
with the specifications, shall cover all phases of the prefabricated
construction, identifying and describing all materials, including
data of the physical properties of the component materials used.
B.
Integral accessories. When unit service equipment is furnished with
and forms an integral part of the prefabricated subassembly, the construction
shall be performed to accommodate accessory conduits, piping, ducts,
outlet boxes and fittings; and no material essential to the structural
strength of the unit or assembly shall hereafter be removed during
installation on the site. All unit service equipment shall comply
with the requirements of the Plumbing Code, National Board of Fire
Underwriters and this code.
C.
Expert services. When a system of construction involves unusual design
analysis, the Building Inspector may require the submitter to retain
a competent expert to assist in his determination. The costs of experts'
service, investigations and tests, when required, shall be paid for
by the submitter.
D.
Below-grade construction. Prefabricated construction shall not be
permitted in cellar, basement or part story below grade unless specifically
approved by the Building Inspector. All such subsurface structures
shall be constructed of approved masonry complying in all respects
to the code.
A.
Roofing.
(1)
Every roof hereafter placed on a building shall be covered with concrete,
tile, slate, metal, asbestos, prepared asphalt asbestos-felt shingles
or built-up roofing finished with asphalt, slag or gravel or other
approved material.
(2)
For all buildings other than that of fireproof or semi-fireproof
construction, which do not exceed two stories in height nor 2,000
square feet in area, roofings which are classified at Class C under
the test specifications of the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., will
be accepted.
(3)
Roofings for fireproof or semifireproof buildings shall be those
classified as Class A or Class B.
(4)
Edge-grain wood shingles may be used as roofings for dwellings and
attached private garages only.
B.
Flashings. Copper or other approved corrosion-resistive flashing
shall be installed at the intersection of chimneys and other masonry
construction with frame or stucco walls or roofs; in all valleys,
and around all dormers and roof openings; over door and window openings
and all projecting wood trim; and wherever necessary to prevent moisture
penetration.
C.
Roof drainage. All roofs of all buildings except dwellings and attached
private garage thereto shall be drained into storm-water drainage
system if such exists in the street or to dry wells or to the street
gutter.
A.
Garages.
(1)
A private garage may be erected on the same lot with a dwelling provided
that such garage is not more than one story high, nor more than 600
square feet in area, and that such garage shall be placed at least
three feet from a lot line and, if not attached to the dwelling in
any way, 10 feet from a dwelling.
(2)
A private garage which does not exceed 2,000 square feet in area
nor 100 feet in length may be erected on the same lot with a multifamily
dwelling, provided such garage is not more than one story high. Two
or more such garage buildings may be placed on the same lot but shall
not be within 10 feet of each other. No such single garage nor group
of garages shall be less than three feet from a lot line and no less
than 20 feet from a multifamily dwelling. Each car space shall be
separated from the other by nine-gauge two-inch wire mesh in angle-iron
frame and intermediate posts from floor to ceiling. At every fourth
car space, the separating wall shall be of masonry no less than six
inches thick from floor to ceiling.
(3)
A private garage for not more than three cars, nor more than 600
square feet in area, may be attached to or form a part of a dwelling
provided that the separating wall shall be metal-lathed and plastered
or be of other construction having a fire-resistive rating of not
less than one hour. Other walls and ceilings of such a garage shall
be covered with three-eighths-inch gypsum board or other fire-resistive
material. If such garage is partly or wholly under living quarters,
such garage walls and ceilings shall be lathed and plastered, or be
of other construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less
than one hour, and in addition the ceiling between beams shall be
insulated with four inches of noncombustible material. Opening from
a garage to a dwelling shall be restricted to one doorway, the door
of which shall be metal, metal-covered or covered with one-fourth-inch
approved asbestos board, or solid wood of the flush type not less
than 1 3/4 inches thick equipped with self-closing device. No
attached garage shall be less than eight feet from a side lot line.
The door sill of a communicating door of such a garage and basement
or adjoining living quarters shall be not less than six inches above
the garage floor level.
(4)
Public garages shall be constructed of fireproof or semifireproof
construction. Boiler rooms in such garages shall be wholly enclosed
within fireproof walls of solid masonry having a fire-resistance rating
of not less than two hours with door openings protected by approved
fire doors.
(5)
All garages shall be provided with windows or approved mechanical
means of ventilation.
(6)
All garages shall have floors of concrete, asphalt or other approved
noncombustible material.
(7)
Driveway grades shall not exceed 15% from the property line for the
entire length of the driveway.
[Added 2-19-1963]
(8)
Where a driveway leads to a garage whose floor is below the level
of the street, and below the level of the ground along both sides
of such driveway, a drain of sufficient size (but not less than four
inches) shall be installed in front of the garage door or doors and
be connected to the storm-water sewer in the street.
[Added 2-19-1963]
(9)
Where a storm-water sewer is not available, the drain shall be connected
to a dry well with earth floor, of 40 cubic feet capacity, built of
masonry units laid with open joints, capped with flagstone or concrete
as the Building Inspector may direct. The dry well shall not be filled
with stone, brick or other material.
[Added 2-19-1963]
B.
Fire-resistive ceilings.
(1)
In dwellings, the ceiling of a cellar immediately above and for at
least four feet beyond all sides of any heating furnace or boiler
and for a width of four feet immediately above and for the full length
of the smoke pipe, shall be covered with lath and plaster, or of other
construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than one
hour.
(2)
The ceilings of cellars and basements, in all other buildings whose
floor is not of fireproof construction, shall be lathed and plastered.
C.
Basement partitions. Except in dwellings, partitions hereafter erected
in cellars and basements shall be constructed of materials having
a fire-resistance rating of not less than one hour, except as otherwise
provided.
D.
Concrete slabs on ground.
(1)
Concrete slabs on ground used as an underfloor in habitable rooms
shall be no less than four inches thick placed over a five-inch gravel
bed topped with one inch of sand and membrane waterproofing. Where
the concrete slab is used for radiant heating, a waterproof insulation
no less than one-half-inch thick and 3 1/2 feet wide shall be
laid over the membrane waterproofing along all exterior walls. Such
insulation shall extend up concrete slab at least four inches at junction
of slab and exterior walls. All concrete slabs on ground shall be
reinforced with wire mesh no less than 12 gauge spaced not more than
six inches on center both ways.
(2)
If by reason of dampness in the ground, the Building Inspector shall
deem it necessary to do so, drains shall be installed in the gravel
bed and carried through exterior walls to shed water away from the
building.
E.
Unexcavated areas.
(1)
The minimum distance between the bottom of floor beams and the ground
shall be no less than two feet. Such space shall be provided with
adequate cross ventilation.
(2)
The ground in the aforementioned air spaces shall be thoroughly cleaned
of all debris, and where the soil is damp and not of a sandy nature,
the ground shall be covered with no less than 1 1/2 inches of
approved bituminous or other non-porous material.
F.
Ventilation; attic and other spaces.
(1)
All attics shall be cross-ventilated by windows or screened louvers.
(2)
All spaces between ceilings and flat roofs shall be cross-ventilated
by screened louvers along perimeter of roof and roof vents having
an area of not less than 1/300 of the square foot area to be vented.
(3)
When room spaces below attic spaces are ventilated by means of exhaust
fans, the ceiling grills shall be equipped with automatic dampers,
or hinged noncombustible door panel above grill, covering entire grill
opening, provided with chain and fusible link. Gable end louvers shall
be no less than 1 1/2 square feet in area to each 1,000 CFM rating
of the fan.
G.
Exit signs. Required exit doorways in all buildings except multifamily
dwellings, and dwellings shall be plainly marked with approved exit
signs, sufficiently illuminated to be readily distinguished.
H.
Projections beyond the building line.
(1)
The main cornice, cornices of show windows including metal awning
covers may project not more than 12 inches beyond the building line
provided no such projection is less than 12 feet above the sidewalk
level.
(2)
Drop awnings, attached to buildings, may extend beyond the building
line up to within 18 inches of the street line, provided that when
let down to their full extent, they are not less than eight feet above
the sidewalk.
(3)
Base courses, sills or mouldings shall not project beyond the building
line more than two inches.
(4)
Footings of street walls may project beyond the building line not
more than 12 inches provided such footings are not less than eight
feet below the sidewalk level.
(5)
No fire escapes or exit balconies shall project beyond the building
line.
(6)
No entrance and exit doors, when open, shall project beyond the building
line.
(7)
No vaults or areaways may project beyond the building line except
by special permit issued by the Building Inspector.
I.
Sanitation during construction. Until permanent provision is made,
adequate temporary toilet facilities shall be provided during the
erection, alteration, repair or demolition of a building.
J.
Toilet rooms and bathrooms. All floors and base in toilets, washrooms
and bathrooms and all shower stalls in all buildings shall be made
waterproof with cement, tile, marble, slate or other approved material
impervious to water. Stalls may be of similar materials or of coated
noncorrosive metal. Areas above bathtubs to a height of six feet shall
be made waterproof with the tile or marble or other wall and floor
material impervious to water.
A.
Materials. All building materials shall be of good quality. Workmanship
in the fabrication, preparation and installation of materials shall
conform to generally accepted good practice.
B.
Live loads.
(1)
Every building and structure shall be designed and erected of sufficient
strength in all its parts to sustain safely all live loads depending
thereon, whether permanent or temporary, in addition to the dead loads.
(2)
(4)
When occupancies or uses not listed above are involved, the live
load shall be determined in a manner satisfactory to the Building
Inspector.
(5)
Posting of live loads. The live load for which each floor, or part
of a floor, of a business building or a storage building hereafter
erected is designed and approved shall be conspicuously posted in
that part of the story to which it applies.
C.
Dead loads. For the purpose of computing dead loads, weights of building
materials shall be assumed to be as follows, in pounds per cubic foot:
(1)
Brickwork: 120.
(2)
Concrete, stone: 144.
(3)
Concrete, light weight aggregate: 108.
(4)
Concrete, hollow block, stone aggregate: 90.
(5)
Concrete, hollow block, light-weight aggregate: 50.
(6)
Granite, bluestone or marble: 168.
(7)
Limestone: 156.
(8)
Oak: 48.
(9)
Cypress and short-leaf yellow pine: 36.
(10)
Douglas fir, cedar or white pine: 30.
(11)
Steel: 490.
(12)
Partitions, in pounds per square foot of wall surface:
(a)
Wood studs two inches by four inches, plastered two sides: 18.
(b)
Solid plaster two inches with metal studs and lath: 19.
(c)
Plaster on masonry or blocks: five.
(d)
Gypsum tile, two inches solid: seven.
(e)
Gypsum tile, three inches hollow: 10.
(f)
Gypsum tile, four inches hollow: 13.
(g)
Four-inch glass block masonry: 18.
D.
Stresses.
(1)
Every building or structure hereafter erected and all new construction
in the alteration of an existing building or structure shall be so
designed and constructed that the working stresses fixed in this section
are not exceeded.
(2)
Higher stresses than herein specified may be used only if it is clearly
established, by test or other approved evidence, that material of
a higher grade is to be employed.
E.
Masonry. The working stresses, in pounds per square inch, in masonry
in compression shall be as follows:
|
Cement Mortar
|
Cement Lime Mortar
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Granite
|
1,000
|
840
|
|
Marble
|
600
|
500
|
|
Limestone
|
700
|
600
|
|
Sandstone
|
400
|
300
|
|
Brickwork, solid
|
325
|
250
|
|
Concrete block, solid
|
175
|
125
|
|
Concrete block, hollow
|
80
|
70
|
|
Cinder block, solid
|
175
|
125
|
|
Cinder block, hollow
|
80
|
70
|
|
Clay tile, hollow
|
125
|
100
|
|
Concrete, 1:2:4
|
650
| |
|
Concrete, 1:2 1/2:5
|
500
| |
|
Reinforced concrete
| ||
|
Extreme fiber of concrete, in compression
|
650
| |
|
Concrete in shear
|
40
| |
|
Concrete in shear, when diagonal tension is resisted by steel
|
100
| |
|
Bond between concrete and steel
|
80
| |
|
Bond between concrete and approved deformed bars
|
100
| |
|
Structural grade steel reinforcement, in tension
|
18,000
| |
|
Cold-drawn-steel wire, in tension
|
20,000
|
F.
Steel. The working stresses, in pounds per square inch, in structural
steel shall be as follows:
(1)
Tension: 20,000.
(2)
Compression in columns, maximum: 17,000.
(3)
Extreme fiber stress in flexure, in tension: 20,000.
(4)
Fiber stress in pins: 30,000.
(5)
Shear in web plates, maximum: 13,000.
(6)
Shear in pins and power-driven rivets: 15,000.
(7)
Bearing on pins and power-driven rivets in single shear: 32,000.
(8)
Bearing on pins and power-driven rivets in double shear: 40,000.
(9)
Tension and compression for steel joists other than hot-rolled steel
beams used as joists: 18,000.
H.
Wood. The working stresses, in pounds per square inch, in wood, shall
be as follows:
(1)
Beams.
|
Bending Extreme Fiber
|
Horizontal Shear
|
Compression Across Grain
|
Short Columns
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Douglas fir
| |||||
|
Coast-type No. 1 common
|
1,200
|
70
|
325
|
1,100
| |
|
Douglas fir
| |||||
|
Coast-type structural
|
1,600
|
90
|
345
|
1,200
| |
|
Douglas fir
| |||||
|
Coast-type dense structural
|
1,800
|
105
|
345
|
1,300
| |
|
Yellow pine, long-leaf merchantable '05
|
1,600
|
125
|
375
|
1,200
| |
|
Yellow pine, long-leaf No. 1 common
|
1,200
|
125
|
375
|
1,000
| |
|
Yellow pine, short-leaf No. 1 common
|
1,200
|
125
|
375
|
1,000
| |
(2)
Wood columns and compression members.
|
Unit Compression Stress in Pounds Per Square Inch
(net cross section) where L/d equals or is less than:
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
10
|
12
|
15
|
20
|
25
|
30
|
35
| |
|
Douglas fir, coast-type, No. 1 common
|
1,100
|
1,080
|
1,050
|
940
|
702
|
487
|
358
|
|
Douglas fir, coast-type, structural
|
1,200
|
1,175
|
1,130
|
985
|
702
|
487
|
358
|
|
Douglas fir, coast-type, dense structural
|
1,300
|
1,265
|
1,210
|
1,025
|
702
|
487
|
358
|
|
Oak, red and white, sound square edge
|
1,000
|
980
|
945
|
830
|
613
|
426
|
313
|
|
Yellow pine, long-leaf, merchant's '05
|
1,200
|
1,175
|
1,130
|
985
|
702
|
487
|
358
|
|
Yellow pine, long-leaf, No. 1 common
|
1,000
|
985
|
960
|
880
|
702
|
487
|
358
|
|
Yellow pine, short-leaf, No. 1 common
|
1,000
|
985
|
960
|
880
|
702
|
487
|
358
|
|
L/d shall mean the slenderness ration, or the length of the
square, rectangular or round columns, in inches, divided by the least
side or diameter.
|
I.
The size of joists, beams and rafters shall in all cases, irrespective of any other requirements of this code, be sufficient at all points to keep the combined stresses due to live, dead and other loads for which the building is designed within the limits prescribed by § 14-31H.
(1)
Allowable maximum clear spans in feet and inches, of joists, beams
and rafters 1,200 EF shall be as follows. Rafter spans measured from
plate to ridge or intermediate support. Slope of four to 12 and greater.
|
Size
|
Spacing
|
Floors, 40-Pound Live Load, With Finished Ceiling
|
Floors, 40-Pound Live Load, No Ceiling
|
Ceiling Joists With Finished Ceiling — No Live Load
|
Uninhabitable Attics 20-Pound Live Load, Finished Ceiling
|
Rafters, 30-Pound Roof Load
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2 x 4
|
16
20
|
10-6
9-8
|
8-3
7-6
|
7-4
6-7
| ||
|
2 x 6
|
16
20
|
9-1
8-5
|
10-0
9-1
|
16-5
15-0
|
12-10
11-9
|
13-3
12-4
|
|
2 x 8
|
16
20
|
12-1
11-2
|
13-2
12-2
|
20-0
19-0
|
17-1
15-8
|
17-5
15-5
|
|
2 x 10
|
16
20
|
15-2
13-10
|
16-3
14-7
|
24-0
23-0
|
21-8
19-10
|
21-10
20-0
|
|
2 x 12
|
16
20
|
18-3
16-8
|
20-1
18-4
| |||
|
3 x 8
|
16
20
|
14-11
14-0
|
16-0
13-9
| |||
|
3 x 10
|
16
20
|
16-0
15-0
|
19-0
17-3
| |||
|
3 x 12
|
16
20
|
22-7
21-3
|
22-6
10-9
|
A.
Until provision for permanent support has been made, excavations
shall be properly guarded and protected to prevent the same from becoming
dangerous to life or limb, and, where necessary, shall be sheet-piled
or braced to prevent the adjoining earth from caving in, by the person
causing the excavation to be made.
B.
The person causing any excavation to be made shall prevent the movement
of the earth in the adjoining property and the trees and natural objects
thereon or therein and maintain or restore all the public sidewalks,
curbs, pavements and the property of public utilities located within
street lines, which may be affected by the excavation.
C.
When an excavation is made on any lot, and provision for the support
of adjoining earth is not otherwise made in accordance with law, the
person making such excavation or causing it to be made shall, at his
own cost and expense, build a retaining wall to support the adjoining
earth, and such retaining wall shall be carried to the height of the
adjoining earth, and be properly protected by coping.
D.
In case there is a party wall along a lot line of the premises where
an excavation is being made, the person causing the excavation to
be made shall, at his own expense, preserve such wall in a safe condition
and, when necessary, shall underpin and support it by proper foundations.
A.
In the absence of satisfactory tests, the bearing value per square
foot of different soils shall be deemed to be as follows:
(1)
Soft clay: one ton.
(2)
Wet or loose confined sand: two tons.
(3)
Stiff clay: two tons.
(4)
Fine clean compact sand: three tons.
(5)
Hard dry clay: three tons.
(6)
Compact coarse sand: six tons.
(7)
Gravel: six tons.
(8)
Hardpan or hard shale: 10 tons.
(9)
Medium rock: 15 tons.
(10)
Natural bed rock: 40 tons.
B.
In case the soil under the footings of any one building is partly
rock and partly yielding soil, the bearing capacity of the yielding
soil shall be taken at not more than 1/2 of the capacity otherwise
allowed.
C.
No building shall be constructed with footings supported directly
on filled ground unless such ground is proved satisfactory to the
Building Inspector by tests and then it may be used for light buildings
only.
A.
General. Except when erected upon hardpan or solid rock, foundation
wall footings shall be carried to a depth of not less than three feet
six inches.
B.
Footings.
(1)
Footings shall be so designed that the pressure on the soil per unit
of area shall, so far as possible, be uniform under all parts of the
building or structure.
(2)
Footings shall not be laid on frozen soil.
(3)
Footings shall be of concrete or reinforced concrete.
(4)
Footings which support any wall, pier, column or chimney in a dwelling
shall not be less than six inches deep and eight inches wider than
wall, pier or chimney above, and not less than 12 inches deep and
12 inches wider than wall, pier or chimney above in any other building.
C.
Pile foundations. Requirements for pile foundations shall conform
to the latest edition of the National Building Code recommended by
the National Board of Fire Underwriters.
A.
Materials. Foundation walls shall be built of masonry or reinforced
concrete of adequate strength and thickness to resist lateral pressures
from adjacent earth and to support their vertical loads.
B.
Thickness. The thickness of foundation walls shall be sufficient at all points to keep the combined stresses due to live, dead and other loads for which the building is designed within the limits prescribed in § 14-31E.
(1)
In dwellings supporting wood-frame structures not over two stories
high, foundation walls if enclosing a cellar shall be of solid masonry
not less than eight inches thick or of hollow concrete blocks not
less than 10 inches thick.
(2)
In dwellings supporting wood-frame structures not over two stories
high, without cellar, and other foundation walls in unexcavated areas
of such buildings, the foundation walls shall be of solid masonry
of hollow block not less than eight inches.
(3)
In dwellings with masonry-veneered wood-frame walls or with ten-inch
cavity walls, not over two stories high, foundation walls if enclosing
a cellar shall be of solid masonry not less than eight inches thick
or of hollow concrete blocks not less than 10 inches thick. Such eight-inch
walls shall be corbelled out with solid units to provide a bearing
the full thickness of the wall above.
(4)
In dwellings supporting wood-frame construction not more than one
story high, without cellar, but with first floor a concrete slab on
ground, foundation walls shall be of solid masonry not less than six
inches thick or of hollow block not less than eight inches thick.
If with masonry-veneered wood-frame walls or with ten-inch cavity
walls, foundation walls shall be of solid masonry or of hollow blocks
not less than eight inches thick corbelled out with solid units to
provide a bearing the full thickness of the wall above.
(5)
In multifamily dwellings with wood-frame structures not over two
stories high, and in multifamily dwellings with masonry-veneered wood-framed
walls or ten-inch cavity walls, not over two stories high, foundation
walls shall be of solid masonry not less than 10 inches thick, or
of hollow concrete block 12 inches thick.
(6)
Foundation walls supporting masonry walls above in all other buildings
shall be of solid masonry not less than the thickness of the wall
above, except that when supporting masonry walls are of maximum allowable
height for their thickness, foundation walls shall be four inches
thicker than the wall above.
(7)
Foundation walls of rubble stone shall be at least 16 inches thick,
but shall not be used for buildings exceeding 2 1/2 stories high.
(8)
Foundation walls for approved prefabricated buildings shall be of
thickness as determined by Building Inspector, but in no case less
than specified above for buildings otherwise constructed.
(9)
Foundation walls for private garages with wood-frame construction
shall be of solid masonry not less than six inches thick or of hollow
blocks not less than eight inches thick.
(10)
Foundation walls for private garages supporting masonry walls
above shall be of solid masonry, same thickness as walls above.
(11)
Piers shall be of solid masonry.
(12)
Area walls of solid masonry or hollow block shall be bonded
to foundation wall.
(13)
All masonry units in foundation walls shall be laid in cement
mortar or cement-lime mortar.
C.
Bearings. Hollow masonry unit foundation walls shall be capped with
a minimum of four inches of solid masonry for support of floor beams,
and with six inches of solid masonry under girders.
D.
Waterproofing and dampproofing. In buildings hereafter erected, if
by reason of dampness in the ground the Building Inspector shall deem
it necessary to do so, foundation walls and floors shall be rendered
waterproof or dampproof by an approved process.
A.
Materials. All masonry shall be constructed of approved materials.
Approved masonry shall comply with the provisions of this section.
B.
Construction.
(1)
All masonry shall be protected against freezing for at least 48 hours
after being placed. Unless adequate precautions against freezing are
taken, no masonry shall be built when the temperature is below 32°
F., on a rising temperature or below 40° on a falling temperature,
at the point where the work is in progress. No frozen materials shall
be built upon.
(2)
Except when carried independently by girders at each floor, no wall
shall be built up more than 20 feet in height in advance of other
walls of the building.
(3)
Masonry walls that meet or intersect shall be adequately bonded or
anchored.
(4)
Except for window-paneled backs and permissible chases and recesses,
walls shall not vary in thickness between their lateral supports.
When a change of thickness, due to minimum thickness requirements,
occurs between floor levels, the greater thickness shall be carried
up to the higher floor level.
(5)
Isolated piers on the interior of buildings shall not be built of
stone. The unsupported height of piers shall not exceed 10 times their
least dimension. All piers shall be built of solid masonry or of hollow
concrete blocks solidly filled with concrete or cement mortar. No
isolated pier shall be built of hollow blocks in fireproof or semifireproof
construction.
(6)
Door, window and other openings in walls shall be spanned by well
buttressed arches, or by lintels having bearings proportioned to their
loads but not less than four inches.
(7)
No masonry shall be supported on wooden girders or other form of
wood construction.
(8)
No timber, other than nailing blocks not exceeding two by four by
eight inches in size shall be placed in masonry walls; except that
in buildings of ordinary construction timber lintels may be placed
over openings to serve as centers for masonry arches.
(9)
During erection, walls shall be adequately braced and arches temporarily
supported.
C.
Mortar.
(1)
Cement mortar. Cement mortar shall be composed of one part of cement
and a maximum of three parts of sand, to which may be added at most
15% of the cement content in hydrated lime or lime putty.
(2)
Cement-lime mortar. Cement-lime mortar shall be composed of one part
cement, one part lime putty or hydrated lime and a maximum of six
parts of sand.
(3)
Lime mortar. Lime mortar shall be composed of one part lime putty
or hydrated lime and a maximum of three parts of sand.
(4)
Other mortars. Other mortars may be used provided they have a tensile
strength of 150 pounds per square inch at the age of 28 days and provided
each individual brand is approved by the Building Inspector.
(5)
Cement. Cement shall comply with the standard specifications of the
A.S.T.M.
(6)
Lime. Hydrated lime shall comply with the standard specifications
of the A.S.T.M.
D.
Brick masonry.
(1)
In solid brick walls, at least every sixth course shall be a header
course or there shall be at least one full length header in every
1 1/2 square feet of wall surface, provided that the distance
between adjacent full headers shall not exceed 20 inches either vertically
or horizontally. In walls more than 12 inches thick the inner joints
of header courses shall be covered with another header course which
shall break joints with the course below.
(2)
When running bond is used in solid brick walls every sixth course
shall be bonded into the backing in a substantial manner.
(3)
All brick shall be thoroughly wetted just previously to being laid.
(4)
Horizontal and vertical joints in brick masonry shall be filled with
mortar.
E.
Stone masonry.
(1)
In stone masonry at least 10% of the face area shall consist of header
stones having not less than four inches of bond into the backing masonry.
All headers shall be at least 12 inches in width and eight inches
in thickness.
(2)
All stone walls 24 inches or less in thickness shall have at least
one header extending through the wall in every three feet in height
from the bottom of the wall, and in every three feet in length.
F.
Hollow walls, cavity walls.
(1)
In hollow walls or cavity walls of brick or solid block, and walls
and piers of hollow blocks, suitable provision shall be made at each
line of floor beams and wherever load concentrations occur, to insure
proper bearing.
(2)
When hollow walls or cavity walls, or walls of hollow blocks in which
the cells of the block are laid vertical are decreased in thickness,
the blocks in the top course of the thicker wall shall be filled solidly
with mortar or the exposed openings in such top course shall be covered
with slabs of hard-burned tile or concrete at least one inch in thickness
or the openings may be stopped in some other approved manner.
(3)
In hollow walls, the parts of same shall be connected by bonds of
brick, stone or the material of the wall, placed not more than 24
inches apart in either direction; but the parts shall not be deemed
to act together in the support of loads unless such bonds are of a
size and design to fully develop the strength of either part.
(4)
In cavity walls, the cavity shall be kept free of mortar droppings,
and approved noncorrosive flashings shall be installed and adequate
drainage provided to keep dampness from the inner section of the wall.
(5)
Brick facing or lining when used in hollow block walls shall be bonded
to the backing with at least one header course in every six courses
of brick, or there shall be at least one full header in every 1 1/2
square feet of wall surface.
G.
Faced walls.
(1)
Stone ashlar. Stone ashlar facing shall have at least 20% of the
superficial area not less than four inches thicker than the remainder
of the facing to form bond stones, which shall be uniformly disposed
in the wall.
(2)
In stone ashlar every stone that is not a bond stone and every stone
that projects wholly or in part beyond the face of the wall, shall
be securely anchored to the backing with substantial approved corrosion-resistant
metal anchors.
(3)
Other facings. Other facings not of masonry may be used provided
bonding, tying or other means of application and erection are submitted
to the Building Inspector for approval.
H.
Masonry veneer.
(1)
Natural or manufactured stone, solid rectangular units of masonry,
architectural terra-cotta or other similar approved solid materials,
used for the facing of the wall, shall be at least 3 1/2 inches
thick, and such veneer shall be securely anchored to the backing by
means of corrosion-resistant metal anchors, one inch for each 300
square inches of wall surface. Standard three-and-three-quarter-inch
brick used for facing shall be tied to the backing either by a header
for every 300 square inches of wall surface or by substantial corrosion-resistant
metal wall ties spaced no farther apart than one foot vertically and
two feet horizontally.
(2)
Veneer shall rest directly upon a foundation wall, or upon other
approved masonry, reinforced concrete or steel.
(3)
Corrosion-resistant flashing to prevent moisture from penetrating
behind the veneer shall be provided over wall openings and other places
as may be required.
(4)
The maximum height of veneered walls with masonry backing shall be
40 feet above the foundation or other approved support. Veneer on
frame buildings shall not exceed 20 feet in height except in gable
ends.
I.
Glass blocks.
(1)
Glass blocks may be used on exterior or interior walls and in partitions,
but they shall not be used in any fire wall, party wall, or the enclosing
wall of any stairway, shaft or vertical opening. Glass-block panels
shall not carry any live or dead load except their own weight.
(2)
Glass blocks used in exterior walls shall be set in waterproof mortar.
(3)
Glass blocks used in interior walls or partitions shall be set in
mortar or approved metal frames.
(4)
Panels constructed of glass blocks shall not exceed 144 square feet
of unsupported wall surface, or shall not exceed 20 feet in one direction
between structural supports.
(5)
Where glass blocks are to be used as a veneer in masonry construction,
the glass-block panels shall be self-supporting, with suitable ties
into the masonry wall, and shall be clear from and not adhering to
the masonry.
A.
The thickness of masonry walls shall in all cases, irrespective of any other requirements of this code, be sufficient at all points to keep the combined stresses due to live, dead and other loads for which the building is designed within the limits prescribed by § 14-31E, allowable stresses in masonry.
B.
Dwellings. In dwellings not more than one story high the thickness
of solid masonry walls, veneered solid masonry bonded with four-inch
hollow block, or hollow block shall be not less than eight inches
thick.
C.
Dwellings. In dwellings and multifamily dwellings not more than two
stories high, the thickness of solid masonry walls shall not be less
than eight inches; or 10 inches thick of solid masonry bonded with
six-inch hollow block; or 10 inches thick of hollow block or cavity
wall.
D.
Business and other buildings. In business and other buildings not
more than one story high of other than fireproof construction, the
walls shall be of solid masonry not less than eight inches thick,
provided they are reinforced at intervals not exceeding 20 feet with
cross walls, piers or buttresses.
E.
Business and other buildings. In business and other buildings more
than one story high, of other than fireproof or semifireproof construction,
the thickness of solid masonry walls shall not be less than 12 inches
for the uppermost 25 feet in height and shall increase four inches
in thickness thereafter.
F.
In business and other buildings of fireproof or semifireproof construction,
the thickness of solid masonry walls shall not be less than 12 inches
thick for the uppermost 35 feet in height and shall increase four
inches in thickness thereafter.
G.
Panel, apron and spandrel walls. Panel walls of masonry in skeleton-frame
structures shall be no less than eight inches thick of solid masonry,
or 12 inches thick if such walls are of hollow masonry. Panel walls
constructed of noncombustible materials or assemblies of materials,
if approved by the Building Inspector, shall have a fire-resistance
rating of not less than two hours.
H.
No walls shall be more than 50 feet in length between cross walls,
piers or buttresses.
I.
All walls exceeding 50 feet in length between cross walls or piers
shall be increased four inches in thickness.
J.
All walls in which openings exceed 50% of the surface area shall
be increased four inches in thickness.
K.
All walls where clear horizontal spans between bearing walls exceeds
26 feet shall be increased four inches in thickness.
A.
Construction. Fire walls and party walls shall be constructed of
solid brick masonry the same thickness as exterior bearing walls,
but in no case less than 12 inches thick. When constructed of reinforced
concrete, fire walls and party walls for business and storage buildings
shall be not less than 11 inches thick, and for other buildings no
less than nine inches thick. Fire walls and party walls shall extend
at least three feet above the roof; except where the roof is of fireproof
or semifireproof construction, in which case the fire walls and party
walls shall be carried up tightly against the underside of the roof
slabs.
B.
Openings. Every opening in a required fire wall shall be protected
on each side of the wall with an approved self-closing fire door.
No opening shall exceed 120 square feet in area with no dimension
greater than 12 feet, and the aggregate width of all openings shall
not exceed 25% of the wall.
A.
Construction. Fire partitions shall have fire-resistance rating of
at least two hours. They shall be constructed of approved masonry
or of other approved form of construction of noncombustible materials.
Fire partitions may be used as load bearing provided they conform
to the requirements of this code for bearing walls. Fire partitions
shall be supported in each story on construction having a fire-resistance
rating of not less than two hours; the maximum unsupported height
shall not exceed 30 times its total thickness unless suitably anchored
and reinforced, and the length between intermediate supports or bracing
shall not exceed 20 feet.
B.
Openings. Fire partitions shall have no openings other than required
door openings with approved self-closing fire doors set in approved
door frames.
A.
Except as listed below, parapets shall be provided on all fire walls,
party walls and exterior walls of masonry or reinforced concrete.
Parapets are not required on:
B.
Parapet walls shall be of solid masonry as thick as the top story
wall and shall extend no less than two feet above the roof where parapet
walls are eight inches thick and three feet above the roof where parapet
walls are 12 inches thick.
C.
Parapet walls shall be coped with incombustible weatherproof material.
A.
Plain concrete shall be composed of one part portland cement, two
parts sand and four parts course aggregate by volume measured dry,
and not more than 7 1/2 gallons of water per sack, 94 pounds
of cement.
C.
Solid walls of concrete shall be supported at right angles to the
wall surface at intervals not exceeding 20 times the wall thickness
by cross walls, piers or buttresses.
A.
Reinforced concrete. The Building Code requirements for reinforced
concrete as adopted by the American Concrete Institute as adopted
and amended will be accepted as reinforced-concrete construction.
B.
Reinforced gypsum. The American Standard Building Requirements for
reinforced gypsum concrete as approved by the American Standards Association
will be accepted in reinforced-gypsum-concrete construction.
A.
No chase shall extend into a wall more than one-third of its thickness,
but no chase shall be cut in an eight-inch wall or in a hollow wall
or cavity wall or within the required area of a pier, except that
chases under a window not more than four inches deep and no wider
than the width of a window may be built in a wall eight inches thick
and over. The backs and sides of such chases shall be waterproofed.
B.
Chases in walls of hollow block and cavity walls shall be made with
properly formed blocks.
C.
No chases shall be built in fire walls.
D.
No horizontal chase shall exceed four feet in length.
E.
Chases shall be filled in solidly with incombustible material within
the floor thickness at each floor level.
A.
When the walls are furred, the space created by the furring shall
be fire-stopped with noncombustible material at floors, ceilings and
roofs. The fire-stopping shall be the full thickness of the furring
and extend from the ceiling to the underside of the flooring or roof.
B.
When joists run parallel to the wall the space between the wall and
nearest joist shall not be less than one inch and shall be solidly
filled with masonry or approved noncombustible material.
A.
General. The Standard Specification for the Design, Fabrication and
Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings, latest edition, as adopted
by the American Institute of Steel Construction, will be accepted
in steel construction; and The Standard Specifications for Steel Joists
and The Code of Standard Practice, latest edition, as adopted by the
Steel Institute, will be accepted in steel joist construction.
B.
Cast iron. Cast-iron columns shall be provided with drilled caps
for bolting to steel girders or lag screwing to wood girders, and
drilled bases for anchoring to masonry or steel beams. Bolting of
column bases to masonry may be omitted if embedded in concrete.
C.
Bearing plates. Lintels, steel joists, beams, girders or trusses,
supported at either end by a wall or pier, shall be properly anchored
thereto and shall rest upon bearing plates or steel or stone of such
design and dimensions as to distribute safely the loads on the masonry,
unless the bearing surface of the lintels, steel joists or beams is
sufficient to distribute the load.
D.
Steel joists. Steel joists shall be tied together in such manner
as to prevent lateral movement of the top and bottom flanges. Every
third steel joist resting on masonry shall be anchored thereto with
approved anchors embedded in the wall. Steel joists supported on steel
beams shall be welded, bolted or anchored thereto with approved anchors.
E.
Protection against corrosion. All structural steel shall receive
one shop coat of paint before erection, and a second coat of paint,
of different shade, after erection.
For fire-resistance ratings of materials and combination of
materials not listed below, the requirements of the American Society
for Testing Materials shall govern.
|
Rating in Hours
| |
|---|---|
|
Walls
| |
|
Brick, solid, 8 inches thick
|
2
|
|
Brick, solid, 12 inches thick
|
4
|
|
Brick, hollow, cavity type
|
1
|
|
Hollow blocks, concrete or cinder, 6 inches thick
|
1 1/2
|
|
Hollow blocks, concrete or cinder, 8 inches thick
|
2
|
|
Plain concrete, 5 inches thick
|
2
|
|
Plain concrete, 7 inches thick
|
4
|
|
Reinforced concrete, 6 inches thick
|
3
|
|
Reinforced concrete, 7 inches thick
|
4
|
|
Partitions
| |
|
Metal frame, metal lath and plaster, 2 inches thick
|
1
|
|
Metal stud, hollow, metal lath and plaster, both sides
|
1
|
|
Wood studs, 2x4, metal lath and plaster, both sides
|
1
|
|
Wood studs, 2x4, 3/8 inches gypsum lath and plaster, both sides
|
1
|
|
Wood studs, 2x4, 1/2 inches gypsum wall board, stud spaces filled
with mineral wood bats
|
1
|
|
Wood studs, 2x4, 2 layers 3/8 inches gypsum wall board glued
together, fastened with 1 7/8 inches nails; joists filled and
nail heads covered with joint cement
|
1
|
|
Wood studs, 2x4, 5/8 inches gypsum wall board fastened with
1 7/8 inches nails; joints covered with fibre tape and joint
cement
|
1
|
|
Wood studs, 2x4, 3/16 inches cement asbestos boards over 3/8
inches gypsum wall board
|
1
|
|
Wood studs, 2x4, 2 layers 1/2 inches gypsum wall board. First
layer attached with 1 5/8 inches nails having 7/32 inches heads;
second layer attached with 1 7/8 inches nails having 1/4 inches
heads. Outside joints taped and pointed and nail heads covered with
joint cement
|
1
|
|
Floors
| |
|
Wood joists, double flooring, building paper, metal lath and
plaster ceiling or 3/8 inches gypsum lath and plaster
|
1
|
|
Reinforced concrete, 4 inches thick
|
1
|
|
Reinforced concrete, 6 inches thick
|
2
|
|
Steel Column Protections
| |
|
Brick with brick fill, 3 3/4 inches thick
|
4
|
|
2 inches concrete, steel-wire ties
|
4
|
|
1 1/2 inches concrete, steel-wire ties
|
3
|
|
1 inches concrete, steel-wire ties
|
2
|
|
4 inches gypsum block, solid, gypsum mortar between columns
and block
|
4
|
|
2 inches gypsum block, solid, gypsum mortar between columns
and block
|
2
|
|
2 inches gypsum block, solid, 1/2 inches gypsum plaster
|
4
|
|
2 inches gypsum concrete, poured, wire mesh reinforcing
|
4
|
|
Portland cement plaster on metal lath
|
1
|
|
Beams, Girders and Trusses
| |
|
2 inches clay tile or concrete block, 1/2 inches plaster
|
2
|
|
2 inches clay tile or concrete block, unplastered
|
1
|
|
2 inches concrete, metal ties around beam flanges
|
4
|
|
1 1/2 inches concrete, metal ties around beam flanges
|
2
|
|
Portland cement plaster on metal lath
|
1
|
A.
Metal lath.
(1)
Metal lath shall weigh not less than three pounds per square yard
and shall be galvanized or painted for interior use and either galvanized
or noncorroding metal for exterior use. Lath for plastering or stucco,
shall not be applied directly to solid wood surfaces, but shall be
installed over wood strips no less than three-eighths-inch thick,
or metal furring strips, or be a lath of the self-furring type.
(2)
Metal lath shall be lapped on adjoining lath surfaces. Where metal
lath finishes against masonry walls, the lath shall be extended at
least three inches on the surface of such walls and securely fastened.
(3)
Corner beads, galvanized, shall be installed for all external corners.
(4)
Cornerites of metal lath or wire fabric shall be installed for all
interior corners, or ceiling lath shall be run down walls at least
four inches.
B.
Insulating fibre-lath board. Insulating fibre-lath board shall be
at least one-half-inch thick.
C.
Gypsum board lath. Gypsum-lath board shall be at least three-eighths-inch
thick.
D.
Metal studding. Metal studding shall consist of angles, channels,
tees, flats or other approved standard shapes.
E.
Hangers. Hangers for suspended ceilings shall consist of angles,
channels or flats securely fastened in place.
F.
Cross furring. Cross furring shall consist of angles, channels or
tees bolted to hangers.
G.
Gypsum plaster. Gypsum plaster shall consist of one part neat gypsum
to not more than two parts of sand by weight for the scratch coat,
and one part of neat gypsum to not more than three parts of sand by
weight for the brown coat.
H.
Portland-cement plaster. Portland-cement plaster shall consist of
one part portland cement and three parts sand with not over 10% of
hydrated lime added.
I.
Lime plaster. Finishing hydrated lime for smooth white finish shall
be mixed in proportion of four sacks, 200 pounds to 50 pounds of plaster
of paris.
J.
Stucco. Stucco shall consist of one part portland cement and three
parts sand with not over 10% of hydrated lime added, or a prepared
stucco used in accordance with manufacturer's directions.
K.
Prepared plasters. Approved prepared plasters shall be mixed in accordance
with manufacturer's directions.
L.
Workmanship. The workmanship, installation and application of lathing,
plastering and stuccoing shall be in accordance with the best practice
of the trade.
The provisions of this chapter shall apply to all work in connection
with the erection, alteration, repair, removal or demolition of buildings
or structures.
A.
Storage of materials. No building materials or equipment shall be
placed in any public street or sidewalk except to such extent and
under such conditions as may be prescribed by the Building Inspector.
B.
Sheds. Whenever a building or structure over one story high, within
10 feet of a street line, is to be erected or demolished, the owner
or the person doing or causing such work to be done shall erect and
maintain a shed over the sidewalk for pedestrian passage of sufficient
strength and stability to safely sustain the weight of materials placed
thereon. Such shed shall not be less than six feet wide and seven
feet six inches high in the clear.
C.
Fences. During a building operation, the excavations of which are
within five feet of the front line, the owner or the persons causing
such work to be done shall erect and maintain a substantial fence
of height as prescribed by the Building Inspector, but in no case
shall such fences be less than four feet high.
D.
Floor and other openings. All openings in floors and roofs such as
for shafts, skylights and spaces between beams or girders, unless
permanently covered by rough flooring, shall be temporarily planked
over or guarded by substantial railings no less than four feet high.
E.
Temporary stairs and ladders. Temporary stairs or ladders shall be
provided and maintained until permanent stairs and ladders are installed.
F.
Hoists. Temporary construction hoists shall be substantially constructed
and maintained, and all openings or other open spaces around such
hoists shall be protected with substantial railings no less than four
feet high or otherwise as may be prescribed by the Building Inspector.
A.
Construction of chimneys.
(1)
Chimneys hereafter erected within or attached to a structure shall
be constructed in compliance with the provisions of this section.
(2)
Chimneys shall extend at least three feet above the highest point
where they pass through the roof of the building and at least two
feet higher than any ridge within 10 feet of such chimney.
(3)
Chimneys shall be properly capped with brick, stone, concrete or
other approved noncombustible, weatherproof material.
(4)
Chimneys shall be wholly supported on masonry or self-supporting
fireproof construction.
(5)
No chimney shall be corbelled from a wall more than six inches; nor
shall a chimney be corbelled from a wall which is less than 12 inches
in thickness unless it projects equally on each side of the wall;
provided that in the second story of two-story dwellings corbelling
of chimneys on the exterior of the enclosing walls may equal the wall
thickness. In every case the corbelling shall not exceed one inch
projection for each course of brick projected.
(6)
No change in the size or shape of a chimney, where the chimney passes
through the roof, shall be made within a distance of six inches above
or below the roof joists or rafters.
B.
Chimneys for heating appliances and low-heat industrial appliances.
(1)
Chimneys for stoves, cooking ranges, warm-air, hot-water and low-pressure
steam-heating furnaces, fireplaces, and low-heat industrial appliances
shall be constructed of solid masonry units. The walls shall be properly
bonded or tied with corrosion-resistant metal anchors. In dwellings
the thickness of the chimney walls shall not be less than four inches.
In other buildings the thickness shall not be less than eight inches,
except that rubble stone masonry in any building shall not be less
than 12 inches thick.
(2)
Every such chimney hereafter erected or altered shall be lined with
a clay flue lining not less than 5/8 of an inch thick for the smaller
flues and increasing in thickness for the larger flues.
(3)
Flue linings shall start from a point not less than eight inches
below the intake, or, in the case of fireplaces, from the top of the
fireplace smoke chamber. They shall extend, as nearly vertical as
possible, for the entire height of the chimney and be extended no
less than one inch above the cap of the chimney.
(4)
All flues for other than fireplaces shall be equipped with cleanouts
of cast-iron doors and frames arranged to remain tightly closed when
not in use.
(5)
No flue shall have more than one connection in its height.
(6)
Openings to flues shall be formed by a concrete, fire clay or metal
thimble set in the wall with mortar. The end of such thimbles shall
run through and be flush with the inner surface of the flue lining.
(7)
When two or more flues are contained in the same chimney, at least
every third flue shall be separated by masonry at least four inches
thick bonded into the masonry wall of the chimney. The joints of adjacent
flue linings shall be staggered at least seven inches.
C.
Chimneys for medium-heat industrial appliances and power boilers.
Chimneys for high-pressure steam boilers and other medium-heat appliances
shall be of solid masonry not less than eight inches thick; and in
addition, shall be lined with not less than 4 1/2 inches of fire
brick laid on the four-and-one-half-inch bed in fire clay mortar,
starting not less than two feet below the smoke-pipe entrance and
extending for a distance of at least 25 feet above the smoke-pipe
entrance.
E.
Fireplaces.
(1)
The back and sides of fireplaces hereafter erected shall be of solid
masonry not less than eight inches in thickness. A lining of firebrick
at least two inches thick or other approved material shall be provided
unless the backs and sides are no less than 12 inches in thickness.
(2)
Fireplaces shall have hearths of brick, stone, tile or other approved
noncombustible materials supported on brick trimmer arches or a fireproof
slab not less than four inches thick. Such hearths shall extend at
least 18 inches outside of the chimney breast and not less than 10
inches beyond each side of the fireplace opening along the chimney
breast. Chimney breast above the opening shall be supported by iron
lintels or masonry arches.
(3)
All fireplaces shall be equipped with approved iron throats and dampers.
(4)
Wooden forms or centers shall be removed when the construction of
the hearth is completed.
F.
Framing around chimneys and fireplaces.
(1)
All wooden beams, joists and studs shall be kept away at least two
inches from chimneys and fireplaces; but this shall not prevent plastering
directly on the masonry or on metal lath and metal furring.
(2)
No wooden mantel or other woodwork shall be placed within seven inches
of either side nor within eight inches of the top of a fireplace opening.
(3)
All spaces between the masonry of chimneys and wooden beams shall
be fire-stopped by filling with noncombustible material.
G.
Raising chimneys.
(1)
Whenever a building is erected, enlarged or raised so that a wall
along a lot line or within three feet thereof, extends above the top
of a chimney of a neighboring existing building, the owner of the
building so erected, enlarged or raised, shall at his own expense,
carry up all chimneys of such adjoining building which are within
10 feet of any portion of the wall extending above such chimneys.
(2)
It shall be the duty of the owner of the building to be erected,
enlarged or raised to notify, in writing, at least 10 days before
such work is to begin, the Building Inspector and the owner of the
chimneys affected, of his intention to carry up such chimneys as herein
provided.
A.
Boiler rooms in all buildings other than dwellings shall, except
as otherwise provided, be separated from other parts of the building
by construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than one
hour.
B.
In cellarless dwellings, no boiler or furnace shall be located above
the first floor, but shall be installed in a utility or boiler room,
the floor of which is of concrete not less than four inches thick,
and the walls and ceilings lathed and plastered, and in addition,
the spaces between wall studs and ceiling beams shall be filled with
four inches of insulation. The doors to such rooms shall be metal,
metal-covered or solid wood of the flush type not less than 1 3/4
inches thick.
C.
Boiler or utility rooms as aforementioned located wholly within a
dwelling and not provided with a window shall be ventilated through
a metal duct or ducts to insure proper combustion. Such duct or ducts
shall be no smaller in area than the flue area of the boiler or furnace
installed.
D.
Boiler rooms housing one or more steam boilers carrying more than
15 pounds pressure with a rating of more than 10 boiler horse power
shall be separated from the rest of the building by noncombustible
construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than two
hours with door openings protected by approved fire doors.
A.
Every gas water heater shall be vented to the outer air above the
roof.
B.
Such vents may be connected to a separate lined or unlined flue in
a chimney or to a noncombustible pipe, of size required, running through
the roof. An approved draft diverter shall be located in the vent
near the appliance. Openings around such vent pipes shall be firestopped
at each floor and roof with noncombustible material.
Elevators and moving stairways hereafter erected, or installed,
or hereafter altered shall be constructed, installed and maintained
in accordance with "The American Standard Safety Code for Elevators,
Dumbwaiters and Escalators" approved by the American Standards Association.
A.
Floor-mounted restaurant-type cooking appliances which are approved
specifically for installation on a combustible floor may be mounted
in accordance with the conditions of such approval.
B.
Floor-mounted restaurant-type cooking appliances bearing no such
approval shall unless mounted on a floor of fireproof construction
be mounted on combustible floors provided the floor under and the
wall back of the appliance is protected with not less than three-eighths-inch
asbestos board covered with sheet metal not less than 24 U.S. gauge.
The above protection shall extend at least six inches beyond the appliance
all around.
C.
Such appliances shall have hoods and their ducts constructed of noncombustible
materials with tight joints. The ducts shall be connected to independent
masonry flues or to the outer air through nearest wall if approved.
Such ducts shall be covered with no less than one-fourth-inch asbestos
board or other approved noncombustible material.
A.
Floor furnaces.
(1)
Floor furnaces shall not be installed in floors of combustible materials
unless approved specifically for such installation and installed in
accordance with the conditions of such approval, and further approved
by the Building Inspector.
(2)
Floor furnace and smoke pipes shall be installed with clearances
to woodwork of not less than nine inches, provided that, in the case
of approved gas floor furnaces, installations shall be made in accordance
with the conditions of approval and the approval of the Building Inspector.
B.
Wall heaters. Wall heaters shall not be installed in walls of noncombustible
construction unless specifically approved for such installation and
installed in accordance with the conditions of such approval and further
approved by the Building Inspector.
C.
Warm-air ducts. Distributing ducts from warm-air furnaces may be
of unprotected metal if no less than one-inch clearance is provided
between duct and combustible materials. Such ducts shall have a minimum
clearance of three inches below cellar ceilings. No clearance shall
be required if the metal ducts are covered with 1/2 inch of noncombustible
material. Warm-air ducts of noncorrosive metal may be embedded in
concrete floor slabs on ground. Ducts in such slabs may also be formed
in concrete.
D.
Panel radiant heating.
(1)
Low-temperature hot-water-heating coils may be placed against wood
beams and studs. Such coils may also be embedded in concrete floor
slabs.
(2)
Low-temperature electric heat specially pressed boards as approved
by the National Board of Fire Underwriters may be installed against
wood beams or studs.
E.
Pipes for steam and hot-water heating.
(1)
It shall be unlawful to make contact between steam and high-temperature
hot-water pipes and any woodwork or other combustible material. A
clearance of at least one-half-inch shall be maintained.
(2)
Where such pipes pass through floors and walls of combustible material,
such material shall be protected by a metal casing or lining or the
pipes shall be covered with at least one-half-inch insulating material
and floor and ceiling plates installed.
F.
Fuel-oil tanks. Fuel-oil tanks shall be installed as prescribed by
the National Board of Fire Underwriters.
[Amended 1-18-1972]
All electrical wiring, apparatus or appliances for furnishing
light, heat or power shall be as prescribed in the National Electrical
Code, as published by the National Board of Fire Underwriters.[1] Application shall be filed for installation of electrical
work and equipment and a fee of $1 per $100 of estimated cost shall
be paid for one- or two-family dwellings. For multiple residences,
commercial or industrial buildings, $2 per $100 of estimated cost.
Maximum fee for both of the above, $25.
A.
Permitted. Wall or display signs placed against the exterior wall
of a building, or set at an angle from the parallel line of a building,
shall not exceed 40 square feet in area nor project more than 12 inches
beyond the building line, nor shall the bottom of such signs be less
than 12 feet above the sidewalk level.
C.
Not permitted. Roof signs will not be permitted.
A.
Every building occupied as a store, school, office building, lofts,
workshops or storage houses must have at least one water closet and
one lavatory.
B.
Sanitary fixtures not less than the following table shall be provided:
|
Number of Persons
|
Closets
|
Lavatories
|
|---|---|---|
|
1 to 15
|
1
|
1
|
|
16 to 35
|
3
|
2
|
|
36 to 55
|
4
|
2
|
|
56 to 80
|
5
|
3
|
|
81 to 110
|
6
|
3
|
|
111 to 150
|
7
|
4
|
C.
Whenever a urinal is supplied, one closet less than the required
number may be provided for males when more than 20 are employed; except
that the number of closets in such cases may not be reduced to less
than 2/3 the required number.
D.
For private dwellings to be occupied by one family or more, there
shall be provided at least one water closet, one lavatory, one bath,
one sink, for each family.
E.
Toilet facilities shall be readily accessible to the persons using
them.
F.
Separate water closets and toilet rooms must be provided for each
sex in buildings used as workshops, stores, office buildings, hotels,
institutions and all places of public assembly.
G.
In workshops, stores, office buildings and all public buildings,
the entire toilet-apartment floors and base, except at the door, shall
be made waterproof with asphalt, cement, tile, metal or other water-resistant
material.
If any clause, sentence, paragraph or part of this code shall
for any reason be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction
to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate
the remainder of this code or any part thereof, but such invalidity
shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph
or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such
judgment is rendered.
A.
An ordinance adopted by the Town Board of the Town of Rye on the
20th day of February, 1930 entitled "An Ordinance of the Town of Rye
to regulate and control the business of building in the Town of Rye,
New York," and any and all amendments thereto, is hereby repealed.
B.
The repeal of the above ordinance does not affect or impair any act
done, offense committed or right occurring, accrued or acquired, or
liability, penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred prior to the
time such repeal takes effect, but the same may be enjoyed, asserted,
enforced, prosecuted or inflicted, as fully and to the same extent
as if such repeal had not been effected.
This chapter shall take effect immediately.
