All joints shall be gastight and watertight, and no paint, varnish or putty shall be permitted on the joining material until after the joint has been tested and approved.
All screwed joints shall be American National taper pipe thread, conforming to the specifications listed in § 131-13. All burrs shall be removed. Pipe ends shall be reamed or filed out to the size of the bore, and all chips shall be removed. Pipe joint cement or paint shall be permitted on external threads only.
A. 
Wiped joints.
(1) 
Wiped joints in lead pipe or fittings, or between lead pipe or fittings and brass or copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples or traps, shall be full-wiped joints. Wiped joints shall have an exposed surface on each side of a joint of not less than 3/4 inch and a minimum thickness at the thickest part of the joint of not less than 3/8 inch.
(2) 
Solder bushings are permitted providing a wiped solder joint is made. No bit joints are permitted.
(3) 
Joints between lead and cast-iron, wrought-iron or steel pipe shall be made by means of wiped joints to a caulking ferrule or soldering nipple, as specified in Subsection A(1) and (2). In drainage piping, caulking ferrules shall be of the hub type.
B. 
Burned lead joints. Burned lead joints shall be made by lapping the lead parts to be jointed and fusing them together to form a uniform weld at least as thick as the lead parts being joined.
A. 
Cast-iron, bell-and-spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled with molten lead not less than one inch deep which shall be run in one pouring and caulked tight when cold.
B. 
For acid-resisting cast-iron pipe, joints similar to soil pipe shall be made using asbestos rope in lieu of oakum or hemp.
C. 
Minimum dimensions for inside caulking connections shall be in accordance with the following table:
Connection Dimensions
Size
Inside Diameter
Depth of Connection
2
3
2 1/4
3
4 1/8
2 1/2
4
5 1/8
2 3/4
5
63/16
3
6
7 1/4
3
8
9 3/8
3 1/4
10
11 1/2
3 1/4
Gasket-type Joints in accordance with § 131-13 may be used to join cast-iron pipe outside of the building 10 feet beyond the wall.
All soldered joints for tubing and pipe shall be made with approved fittings. Surfaces to be soldered shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall be properly fluxed, made with lead-free solder and soldered with appropriate materials listed in § 131-13.
All flared joints for soft copper water tubing shall be made with fittings meeting approved standards. The tubing shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool.
A. 
Hot-poured joints. Material for hot-poured joints for clay or concrete sewer pipe shall be able to withstand a temperature of 160° F. without softening so as to destroy the effectiveness of the joint and shall not be soluble in any of the wastes carried by the drainage system. Hot-poured joints shall first be caulked tight with jute, hemp or other similar approved material and shall then be poured onto dry surfaces.
B. 
Precast bituminous joints. Precast bituminous joints for clay or concrete sewer pipe shall be able to withstand a temperature of 160° F. without softening so as to destroy the effectiveness of the joint and shall not be soluble in any of the wastes carried by the drainage system. Precast bituminous jointing material shall bond firmly to the surface to which it is applied, shall be accurately cast within the hub and on the spigot, shall bond securely in the assembled joint and shall completely and evenly fill the annular space between the hub and the spigot.
C. 
Cement joints. Cement joints for clay sewer pipe or concrete sewer pipe shall be made by packing a closely twisted jute or oakum gasket, of suitable size to pass around the pipe and lap at the top, into the annular space between the pipes. The remaining space shall be filled with firmly compacted mortar composed of one part portland cement and three parts mortar sand. The material for the mortar shall be mixed dry; only sufficient water shall be added to make the mixture workable. Lime putty or hydrated lime conforming to Type S of ASTM C207, equal to not more than 25% of the volume of the portland cement, may be added.
D. 
O-ring and gasket-type joints. O-ring and gasket-type joints in accordance with § 131-13 may be used outside the building 10 feet from the building wall. This type of joint may be used for joining cast-iron pipe, clay pipe, concrete sewer pipe, cast-iron pipe to clay pipe and cast-iron pipe to concrete sewer pipe.
Brazed joints shall be made in conformity to the specifications listed in § 131-13.
A. 
Slip joints. In drainage piping, slip joints other than expansion joints may be used only in the waste pipe between the trap seal and the fixture.
B. 
Ground joints. Ground joint brass connections which allow adjustment of tubing but provide a rigid joint when made up shall not be considered slip joints.
C. 
Unions and compression fittings. Unions and compression fittings may be used in trap seals on the inlet side of the trap and to connect the fixture trap to the fixture drain line. These fittings shall be installed either at the wall line or floor line inside the room where the fixture is located.
D. 
Expansion joints. Expansion joints of approved type may be used where necessary.
E. 
Fixture joints.
(1) 
The joints between drainage pipes and water closets, trap standard service sinks, pedestal urinals or other floor outlet connected fixtures with trap standards shall be made by means of brass, hard lead or iron flanges, caulked, soldered, screwed or by use of a gasket in accordance with § 131-13, to the drainage piping. The connection shall be bolted to the earthenware by means of brass bolts with an approved gasket or washer or setting compound between the base of the fixture and the connection. The floor flange shall be set on an approved, firm base; when supported on wood-floor construction, flanges shall be securely fastened to the floor construction. Where required by the Plumbing Inspector, the fixture drain shall be of lead or shall include a section of lead pipe not less than six inches long or other approved provisions shall be made to provide flexibility in the fixture drain.
(2) 
The joints between roof drains and floor drains may be connected to the drain lines in accordance with Article IV or by using a gasket in accordance with § 131-13.
F. 
No fernco couplings or mission couplings or other type of similar couplings can be used to connect drainage pipes inside of any building. Connections from cast-iron to plastic pipe can be made with a soil-to-plastic adapter or a no-hub connector with a stainless steel band.